Zn is an indispensable element for plants, animals and humans

THE EFFECT OF N- AND TRACE ELEMENT- FERTILISATION ON THE ZN

CONTENT OF MEADOW GRASS

Schmidt, R – Szakál, P.University of West Hungary Faculty of Agricultural and Food

Sciences9200. Mosonmagyaróvár Vár 2. E-mail: [email protected]

5th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop6-11 March, Opatija, Croatia

Zn is an indispensable element for plants, animals and humans

Zn in the soil can be found in the form of bivalent ion, the absorption complex of the soil binds it strongly.

Its solubility increases with rising H+ ion concentration; its complex forming ability is similar to that of copper. The solubility of different zinc compounds decreases with the increasing pH

Zn first of all plays important role in the function of enzymes of the intermedier metabolism

Zn in plants is necessary for triptophan synthesis. Since triptophan is the precursor of indol-acetic-acid plant growth is indirectly regulated by Zn.

• The essentiality of Zn was proved around the 30ies of the 20th

century.

• From animal health point of view this knowledge became practically important when the parakeratosis disease of swine was identified as Zn-deficiency.

Zinc Deficiency in Ruminants

• Loss of appetite• Excessive salivation• Parakeratosis• Loss of crimp in wool fibers• Bowing of hind limbs• Stiffness of joints and swelling of hocks• Hypogonadism• Impaired immune response• Impaired wound healing

Zn status of cattle in Hungary

• According to the survey of Régiusné (1988) the proportion of Zn-deficient animals in cattle herds is 20-30% in saline and diluvial soils and 12% in loess soils.

• This problem occurs not only in Hungary but all over the world. Bonomi et al. (1988) proved that in numerous Italian dairy farms there was a direct relationship between Zn-deficiency and the occurrence of foot diseases.

Zn status of Hungarian soils

• 1982. The 1st series of soil tests finished.

• Result: 46% of the soils studied was deficient in Zn. ( Békés and Fejér counties 85-87%)

• 1.4 mgkg-1 !!! 73% satisfactory (In some parts of the country 64% good, 23% medium, 13% poor)

• Nearly one-half of the soils in the world are considered zinc-deficient

Trace element status of Hungarian soils according to the 1st soil test series

(Elek, Patócs, Kádár)

County Area

(ha)

Zn satus (in % of the area studied)

Poor Satisfactory

Baranya 241982 66 34

Bács 399991 25 75

Békés 441374 85 15

BAZ 295266 55 45

Csongrád 259504 56 44

Fejér 276087 87 13

Győr-M.-S. 248975 57 43

Hajdú-Bihar 403244 12 88

Heves 200498 19 81

Komárom 103381 35 65

County Area

(ha)

Zn satus (in % of the area studied)

Poor Satisfactory

Nógrád 103340 49 51

Pest 340643 35 65

Somogy 255182 26 74

Szabolcs-Sz. 363306 27 73

Szolnok 423017 54 46

Tolna 247795 40 60

Vas 167838 33 67

Veszprém 180330 34 66

Zala 164331 54 46

HUNGARY 5116021 46.1 53.9

Location of the experiments

FertődHanságliget

Oroszlány

1. 200 kgha-1 Ammonium-nitrate

2. 200 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Without trace element

3. 200 kgha-1 Urea


5. 200 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Cu

6. 200 kgha-1 Urea


8. 200 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Zn

9. 200 kgha-1 Urea


11. 200 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Cu+Zn

12. 200 kgha-1 Urea

Treatments in the experiments


14. 400 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Without trace element

15. 400 kgha-1 Urea


17. 400 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Cu

18. 400 kgha-1 Urea


20. 400 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Zn

21. 400 kgha-1 Urea


23. 400 kgha-1 Ammonium-sulphate Cu+Zn

24. 400 kgha-1 Urea

25. Control

The average Zn-content at the experimental sites

27,08

20,86 19,89

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Zn mgkg-1

Hanságliget Fertőd Oroszlány

Significant effects in the experiments

Exp. code Treatment Between fertilisers

Amm. nitrate

Amm. sulphate

Urea

HL 82 I - - - - -

HL 82 II - - - - -

HLCSE 82 - - -

HL 83 I - +

HL 83 II - - - + -

HL 84 I - - - - -

HL 84 II - - - - -

HL 85 I - - - - -

HLCSE 83 I - - + - -

HLCSE 83II + - - -

FE 83 I - - -

FE 83 II - - - - -

FE 84 I - - - - -

FE 84 II + - - + +

OR 83 I - + - - -

OR 83 II - - + - -

OR 84 I - - - -

OR 84 II - - - + -

OR 85 I - -

OR 85 II - -

Zn content of the grass in Oroszlány. 1983. 1st cut

0

5

10

15

20

25

30M

e. N

élk

ül

Cu

Zn

Cu

+Z

n

Me

. N

élk

ül

Cu

Zn

Cu

+Z

n

Me

. N

élk

ül

Cu

Zn

Cu

+Z

n

Amm.N 200kg Amm. N.400kg Amm.Sz.200kg

Amm. Sz.400kg Karb. 200kg Karb. 400 kg

Zn content of the grass in Oroszlány. 1983. 2nd cut

05

1015202530354045

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn



Zn content of the grass in the Oroszlány experiment. 1984. 1st cut

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn



Zn content of the grass in the Oroszlány experiment. 1984. 2nd cut

0

5

10

15

20

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn



Zn content of the grass in the Oroszlány experiment. 1985. 1st cut

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Amm.N 200kg Amm. N.400kg Amm.Sz.200kgAmm. Sz.400kg Karb. 200kg Karb. 400 kg

Zn content of the grass in the Oroszlány experiment. 1985. 2nd cut

0

5

10

15

20

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn

Me.

Nél

kül

Cu

Zn

Cu+

Zn



Extreme Zn values in the experiments

12,84

32,2

36,8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

mg/kg

Oroszlány1984 II

Hanságliget1983 I av.

Hanságliget1983 I

Zn mg/kg

Changing of the Zn content in the vegetation period

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Hanságl. 82Hanságl. 84Hanságl. 84Fertőd 83Fertőd 84O

roszlány 83O

roszlány 84O

roszlány 85

1st cut2nd cut

Zn-content of the control and the treated plants

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

HL 82 IHL 82 IIHLCSE 82 HL 83 IHL 83 IIHL 84 IHL 84 IIHL 85 IHLCSE 83 IHLCSE 83IIFE 83 IFE 83 IIFE 84 IFE 84 IIOR 83 IOR 83 IIOR 84 IOR 84 IIOR 85 IOR 85 II Control

Treated

The effect of fertiliser forms on Zn-content

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Amm. nitrateAmm. sulphateUrea

Amm. nitrate 28,95 26,68 22,15 19,83 22,57 17,61

Amm. sulphate 28,65 27,04 22,71 19,7 22,54 17,38

Urea 27,87 25,74 23,21 19,63 22,01 17,22

HL 1st cut

HL 2nd cut

FE 1st cut

FE 2nd cut

OR 1st cut

OR 2nd cut

Significant differences between fertiliser forms

Exp. code Amm. nitrate - Amm. sulphate Amm. nitrate - Urea Amm. sulphate - Urea

HL 82 I +

HL 82 II

HLCSE 82

HL 83 I

HL 83 II

HL 84 I +

HL 84 II +

HL 85 I +

HLCSE 83 I

HLCSE 83II

FE 83 I +

FE 83 II

FE 84 I

FE 84 II

OR 83 I

OR 83 II

OR 84 I

OR 84 II

OR 85 I

OR 85 II

The effect of Zn treatments on the Zn content(in per cent of the control)

Without trace element With Zn

200 kg/ha 400 kg/ha 200 kg/ha 400 kg/ha

HL 100 100 111 101

HL DG 100 100 119 114

FE 100 100 109 105

OR 100 100 128 98

Frequency distribution of the Zn content in Hanságliget

Frequency distribution of Zn content. Hanságliget. 1982.

5

23

36

24

9

2 105

101520253035404550

18 22 26 30 34 38 42

Zn content mg/kg

freq

uen

cy (

%)

Frequency distribution of Zn content. Hanságliget. 1984.

1

58

22

13

26

16

8

1 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

11 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50

Zn content mg/kg

freq

uen

cy (

%)

Changing of Zn content in the Oroszlány experiment

Oroszlány. 200kg/ha N

100114,79

130,63

150,33

129,03117,35

124,13

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

no trace OR 83 I. OR 83 II. OR 84 I. OR 84 II. OR 85 I. OR 85 II.

Zn

-co

nt.

rel

. %

Zn content

Oroszlány. 400 kg/ha N

10089,52

100,23105,96

82,84

109,84101,85

0102030405060708090

100110120130

no trace OR 83 I. OR 83 II. OR 84 I. OR 84 II. OR 85 I. OR 85 II.Z

n-t

art.

rel

. %

Zn content

The effect of Zn-dose and chemical form on Zn-content

Lébény 1984

0

5

10

15

20

25

Zn(OH)2 ZnO Zn-amin ZnCl2 átlag

10kg 20kg 30kg 40kg 50kg

The effect of Zn-dose

Lébény 1985

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 kg/ha 20 kg/ha 40 kg/ha 60 kg/ha 100 kg/ha LSD5%

Zn cont. mg/kg in June Zn cont. mg/kg in September

1985 June 1985 September

SQ FG MQ SQ FG MQ

Total 301.24 24 1282.21 24

Rep. 13.92 4 41.69 4

Treatment 264.82 4 66.20 1141.54 4 285.38

Contr.-comb. 165.37 1 165.37 882.68 1 882.68

Comb. 99.44 3 33.14 258.85 3 86.28

Error 22.49 16 1.40 98.97 16 6.18

Conclusions

• Zn deficiency in soils is common throughout the world

• The average Zn-content of grasses is about 15-30 mg/kg

• Zn-fertilisation generally increased the Zn-content

• The 20 kg/ha Zn-dose increased the Zn-content, but it is not enough to maintain an adaequate level of Zn

• The aftermath of the 20 kg/ha Zn-dose lasts for about 2 years, after this time the Zn-content decreases

• Raising the Zn-content in a short time to about 40-50 mg/kg requires 80-100 kg/ha Zn

• Regarding the chemical forms Zn-chloride and Zn-amin were the most effective

Thank you

Documents

Zn is an indispensable element for plants, animals and humans