5 :
5 5.65.55.45.35.25.15.7
5.1
5.1.15.1.25.1.35.1.45.1.55.1 5.1.6
5.1.1
5.1.1.1
5.1.1 5.1.1.2 1
W %;W %G0 g;Gw g
2 Gw6021032810hG0
2~3mm. 5.1.1
5.1.1 7~28%
:,,,:0~50%:
5.1.1.3 1 106%55%137%79%5.1.1
2
5.1.1 23~33%>100%>50%10~18%0
5.1.2 5.1.2.1 30%
5.1.3 5.1.3.1 :::(OH) :
?
5.1.3
:
5.1.3 5.1.3.2 :::
5.1.3 =W-W1%~5%2.5%
5.1.3.3 5.1.3
5.1.3
5.1.4 :: :
5.1.5 202020mm
5.1.6
4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.4
4.2.1 4.2.1.1 1 2
0.10.3%36%612%1-2
4.2.1.2 1
/%
2
4
1
1.2120.6240.4891
1.620.8280.501
2.10.8640.468
2.3881.2120.492
2.5561.3080.465
2.8321.4520.472
2.9641.5240.434
3.1081.5840.456
3.2041.6920.472
3.3961.7880.452
3.4561.8240.432
3.6121.80.394
3.4681.8720.384
4.142.0880.373
4.0922.1840.384
4.1762.1960.348
4.2242.1480.381
4.2842.1720.378
4.4282.1840.354
4.52.3160.342
4.5842.3040.339
4.7042.2920.342
4.7522.3160.301
4.6442.3280.322
4.7882.3640.319
4.7762.3760.334
4.7522.340.312
4.7282.3520.311
4.7162.340.298
4.9442.3160.299
4.7642.3880.301
4.742.3640.287
4.5362.3760.293
4.7882.4240.321
4.7522.4120.279
5.0282.5320.286
4.7162.3640.281
4.8722.460.279
4.742.4120.307
5.1722.3760.284
4.7762.3880.269
5.0042.4480.273
4.7642.4240.265
4.7522.3280.273
5.0522.3880.298
4.742.4120.268
4.7642.3640.254
tangetial
radial
Axial
,%
%
4-9
Sheet1
ringTtangetialRradialAxial
20.1011.2120.0520.6240.489
2.50.1351.6200.0690.8280.501
30.1752.1000.0720.8640.468
40.1992.3880.1011.2120.492
4.40.2132.5560.1091.3080.465
50.2362.8320.1211.4520.472
5.60.2472.9640.1271.5240.434
60.2593.1080.1321.5840.456
70.2673.2040.1411.6920.472
7.80.2833.3960.1491.7880.452
80.2883.4560.1521.8240.432
90.3013.6120.1501.8000.394
9.20.2893.4680.1561.8720.384
100.3454.1400.1742.0880.373
110.3414.0920.1822.1840.384
11.60.3484.1760.1832.1960.348
120.3524.2240.1792.1480.381
12.90.3574.2840.1812.1720.378
130.3694.4280.1822.1840.354
140.3754.5000.1932.3160.342
14.30.3824.5840.1922.3040.339
150.3924.7040.1912.2920.342
15.70.3964.7520.1932.3160.301
160.3874.6440.1942.3280.322
16.80.3994.7880.1972.3640.319
170.3984.7760.1982.3760.334
17.70.3964.7520.1952.3400.312
180.3944.7280.1962.3520.311
18.40.3934.7160.1952.3400.298
190.4124.9440.1932.3160.299
200.3974.7640.1992.3880.301
22.30.3954.7400.1972.3640.287
230.3784.5360.1982.3760.293
24.40.3994.7880.2022.4240.321
250.3964.7520.2012.4120.279
26.70.4195.0280.2112.5320.286
270.3934.7160.1972.3640.281
28.50.4064.8720.2052.4600.279
300.3954.7400.2012.4120.307
33.30.4315.1720.1982.3760.284
350.3984.7760.1992.3880.269
37.30.4175.0040.2042.4480.273
400.3974.7640.2022.4240.265
420.3964.7520.1942.3280.273
450.4215.0520.1992.3880.298
46.40.3954.7400.2012.4120.268
500.3974.7640.1972.3640.254
Sheet1
0001
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
tangetial
radial
Axial
Tree ring / a
Transversal shrinkage,%
Axial shrinkage,%
Fig Wood shrinkage percent of Chinese pine in different direction
Sheet2
Sheet3
4.2.2
4.2.2.1 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2
C-CC-O1030o0.1-0.3%
4.2.2.2 1 2 3 4 5
4.2.3 4.2.3.1 1 W =(L max L w) 100% / L maxvW =(V max V w) 100% / V max
2 3 KKTKRKLKVKTRLW(W1W2)KVVw-Vo100% /Vo W 4
4.2.3.2 1202020mm2 202 2~36h0.02mm 6061032
4.2.4 4.2.4.1 1
()4-121 ()4-122 454-123 4-124 4-125 4-126 4-127
2
4.2.4.2
4.2.4 4.2.4.1
4.2.4.2 4.2.4.3
4.2.4.4 4.2.4.5
4.2.4.6
4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3
4.3.1 4.3.1.1
4.3.1.2
4.3.1.3
4.3.2 4.3.2.1 gcm3kgm31gcm3
4.3.2.2 1 2 3 4
4.3.2.3 1 2 3 4
4.3.3 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 1 2 3 4 5
4.4
4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5
4.4.1 Q/tJ/KQt
4.4.2 4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2 1 2 3 4
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5 4.4.5.1 180CO27.88%H24.21%CH411.36%C2H63.09%C2H43.72% 250290350450
4.4.5.2 4060
100
4.5 W
4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2
4.5.1 4.5.1.1 VIR= V/ILAm=R A/L = V A/ I LKSm
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3 1 2 3 4
4.5.2
4.5.2.1 (Cw)C0
4.5.2.2 1 2 3 4
4.5.2.3 11000mm
4.5.2.4 1 ITIRcos
2() = tg, tg
31000
12~158%~12%
4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4. 4.6.5 4.6.6
4.6.1 Wcm2 1000Hz10-8 Wcrn2
4.6.2 vvv()v/ v =(E/E)1/2
(m/s)
4.6.3
a b1b2 c
4.6.3.1 ()LEvfrv = (E/)1/2fr = v/2L= (E/)1/2/2 L
4.6.3.2 ()
4.6.3.3
4.6.4. 4.6.4.1
4.6.4.2 RR = v / = (E/3 )1/2
4.6.4.3
=v = (E)1/2
4.6.5
4.6.5.1 104
4.6.5.2 2cm0.190%
4.6.5.3 (D)12
4.6.6 4.6.6.1 ()()
1
2
3
4.6.6.2
1() () 2FFT FFTFFT()(5)TimoshonkoEG
3 Eu
4 ()vvE
4.7
4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4
4.7.1
4.7.1.1
4.7.1.2 1/f(1/f)
4.7.1.3 80-120
4.7.1.4 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
(380nm)(780nm)380nm780nm
4.7.2 4.7.2.1
4.7.2.2 1
210mRmaxRrmsRrmsRmax2.35.7m2150m1.217.8m31262m
2
4.7.2.3
4.7.2.4 90%
4.7.3 4.7.3.1 700~900mL
4.7.3.2
()
4.7.3.3 4-243mm5.2mm39.5mm1016.4mm57.3mm1
4.7.4
4.7.4.1
4.7.4.2 60ppm90%5%100%
4.7.4.3
4.7.4.4 1 2 3 4