Transcript

Slide 1

() : , 1. () 2.

:(>50%)

: (kerosene lantern)

: ()

1.: 2. 1790William Murdock 3. 1853Abraham Gesner1859(Edward Drake) Titusville(Baku)

()

1

19th20th (1) 1876Nikolaus Otto

Nikolaus August Otto(18321891) 1832610 1861.1863 1876187750000200000

(2) 1886(3) 1896Rudolf Diesel(4) (Henry Ford) T

T(5) 1903Orville and Wilbur Wright

2(1)(Michael Faraday, 1791-1867): 1830 ()(2) : (Samuel F.B. Morse) 1836 (3)():: (i) 1835Thomas Davenport (ii) 1870Zenobe Theophile Gamme (iii) 1888 (4) 1876Alexander Graham Bell(5) 1879(Thomas Alva Edison)

: 1. 2. 3. 1865 4. 20 -()1901110SpindletopSpindletopSpindletopBeaumont5011010:30

Spindletop (1.3)85(Christmas Tree)

Spindletop1859(Edward Drake)(Baku)SpindletopSpindletopSpindletop1020311Rotary Drilling

Spindletop(1.4)Spindletop

SpindletopSpindletop1901Spindletop1.41902SpindletopGulf OilShellAmocoExxon

1908William K. Darcy()19101920(Bahrain)1922 19271938

1903 A(1.5)NT1913190019151929

AJohn D. Rockefeller(Andrew Carnegie) (United States Steel Corporation)

(1839 -1937)

1865(vertically integrated) (trust)1890(Antitrust Act)1914Exxon Mobil

(1839 -1937)

:

1. ()

1950251960301974401987501999606819502558205090(1.12)1.13

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