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Tmgkj$s pmpuinr prnctocks ns crotoquk1 \krjncuinr rkiodomj oj Ojhonj njhUnfostnjo Uujan`
Jnvtka F* Uurkwni) \orojhkr S* Fnirn
Smcomimdy) Scbmmi ml Smconi Scokjcks) [jovkrsoty ml Gnjcbkstkr) Mxlmrh Pmnh) Gnjcbkstkr G>3 ?UI) [F
n r t o c i k o j l m s y j m p s o s
Nvnoin`ik mjiojk >? Gnrcb 05>5 Xbos nrtocik bodbiodbts wmgkj$s pmpuinr sporotuni prnctocks oj Uujan njh kxngojks bmw
sporotuni rotunis njh kvkjts pkrlmrgkh) inrdkiy `y wmgkj nrk kotbkr cmjvkjokjtiy mvkrimmfkh `y
rkiodomus nutbmrotoks mr skkj ns cmjtkjtomus `y gmrk rodoh pkrspkctovks mj rkiodomus `kimjdojd*
@y lmcusojd upmj wmgkj$s pnrtocopntomj njh wmrsbop nt sporotuni sotks njh lujctomjs) nttkjtomj
os hrnwj tm tbk cmjtojuug ml prnctocks tbnt ruj `ktwkkj iolk'cmursk rotunis njh ncts ml sporotuni
kg`mhogkjt njh wmrsbop) gnfojd ot holcuit tm gnojtnoj sucb rg hostojctomjs `ktwkkj
cuiturni njh rkiodomus prnctocks* @y lmcusojd upmj kxngpiks oj Uujan`) ncrmss Ojhon njh
Unfostnj) tbk nrtocik suddksts tbnt tbkrk os nj ujhkriyojd vkrjncuinr sporotuni cuiturk oj tbk
rkdomj wotboj wbocb n cmsgmimdy ml sporotuni ncts ml `kiokl mccupoks n ckjtrni spnck* Xbk nrtocik
woii hrnw upmj skcmjhnry ktbjmdrnpboc stuhoks ns wkii ns upmj kihwmrf cmjhuctkh `y tbk
nutbmrs oj hkvkimpojd n pocturk ml wmgkj$s pmpuinr prnctocks*
05>5 Kiskvokr Ith* Nii rodbts rkskrvkh*
Ojtrmhuctomj
Tmgkj$s pmpuinr rkiodomus prnctocks lmrg n ckjtrni pnrt ml
kvkryhny sporotuni njh cuiturni iolk oj Smutb Nson* Xbky skrvk ns
gnrfkrs ml rmutojks) rotunis njh iolk'cmursk wboik nism rkprkskjt'
ojd ncts ml `kiokl) `kimjdojd njh imcntomj nt tbk bmuskbmih njh
cmggujoty ikvkis* Hkspotk tbos ckjtrnioty tm cmjtkgpmrnry smconi
iolk oj Smutb Nson) wmgkj$s pmpuinr prnctock os quotk mltkj
hosgosskh wotboj gmrk mlconi hoscmursks mj rkiodomj ns kotbkr
hkvontomj mr ns kxprkssomjs ml tbk lkgnik hmgnoj ml cuiturk
"Nbgkh) 0550/* Ojhkkh) tbk hocbmtmgy `ktwkkj rkiodomj njh
cuiturk lmrgs pnrt ml n hmgnoj ml `ojnroks* Scropturni njhvkrjncuinr6 lmrgni njh cmggmj6 gnojstrkng njh gnrdojni nrk
kxngpiks ml tbk prm`ikgntoc ml hkjojd njh cmjjojd tbk vnst
tkrrnoj ml sporotuni prnctocks* Mur nog os tm cmjtro`utk tm tbos
hk`ntk tbrmudb tbk ikjs ml dkjhkr) `y cmjsohkrojd tbk wnys oj
wbocb wmgkj$s vkrjncuinr sporotuni prnctocks oj tbk rkdomj ml
Uujan` spnjjojd tbk Ojhonj njh Unfostnjo `mrhkr hosrupt njh
gmuih tbk `ojnry ml lmrgni njh ojlmrgni rkiodomj*
Xbos nrtocik nogs tm bodbiodbt wmgkj$s pmpuinr sporotuni
prnctocks oj Uujan` oj tbk gnjjkr oj wbocb tbky lujctomj* Xwm
nrkns oj pnrtocuinr woii`k lmcuskhupmj* Lorst) bmwsporotuni rotunis
njh kvkjts pkrlmrgkh) inrdkiy `y wmgkj nrk kotbkr cmjvkjokjtiy
mvkrimmfkh `y rkiodomus nutbmrotoks mr skkj ns cmjtkjtomus `y
gmrk rodoh pkrspkctovks mj rkiodomus `kimjdojd* Skcmjhiy)
wmgkj$s pnrtocopntomj njh wmrsbop nt sporotuni sotks hrnws mur
nttkjtomj tm tbk cmjtojuug ml prnctocks tbnt ruj `ktwkkj iolk'
cmursk rotunis njh ncts ml sporotuni kg`mhogkjt njh wmrsbop)
gnfojd ot holcuit tm gnojtnoj sucb rg hostojctomjs `ktwkkj
cuiturni njh rkiodomus prnctocks* Tmgkj$s pmpuinr prnctocks
oiiustrntk tbk dkjhkrkh jnturk ml sporotuni kxpkrokjck oj Uujan`*Ukrbnps kvkj gmrk prmlmujhiy) wmgkj$s prnctocks cnj nism
bodbiodbt tbk tkjumusjkss ml tbk `mujhnroks sm mltkj hrnwj tm
hostojduosb inrdk rkiodomus cntkdmroks sucb ns Sofb) Gusiog)
Cbrostonj njh Bojhu) tbrmudb ncts njh rotunis ml wmrsbop njh
ckik`rntomj* Xbus) tbk nrtocik woii nrduk tbnt wmgkj$s pmpuinr
prnctocks mllkr n ikjs tbrmudb wbocb wk cnj `kttkr ujhkrstnjh
tbk smconi cmjtkxt wotboj wbocb sporotuni njh cuiturnikxprkssomjs
mpkrntk) nj npprmncb wbocb hmks jmt rkst upmj xkh jmtomjs ml
rkiodomus `kimjdojd mr cntkdmroks* @y lmcusojd upmj kxngpiks oj
Uujan`) ncrmss Ojhon njh Unfostnj) n rkdomj hovohkh mstkjso`iy
nimjd rkiodomus iojks oj >?84) tbk nrtocik suddksts tbnt tbkrk os nj
Tmgkj$s Stuhoks Ojtkrjntomjni Lmrug 33 "05>5/ 32332?
Cmrrkspmjhojd nutbmr*
5044';3?;-( skk lrmjt gnttkr 05>5 Kiskvokr Ith* Nii rodbts rkskrvkh*hmo1>5*>5>5*50*5>0
Cmjtkjts iosts nvnoin`ik nt ScokjckHorkct
Tmgkj$s Stuhoks Ojtkrjntomjni Lmrug
a m u r j n i b m g k p n d k 1 w w w* k i s k v o k r* c m g - i m c n t k - w s o l
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.02.012http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02775395http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02775395http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.02.0127/30/2019 1297087724 Purewal Article Women's Studies Article 2010
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ujhkriyojd vkrjncuinr sporotuni cuiturk oj tbk rkdomj wotboj
wbocb n cmsgmimdy ml sporotuni ncts ml `kiokl mccupoks n ckjtrni
spnck* Ot os wotboj tbos spnck tbnt gnjy pmpuinr prnctocks ml
wmgkj oj Uujan` cnj `k `kttkr ujhkrstmmh*
Pktbojfojd rkiodomj tbrmudb wmgkj$s pmpuinr prnctock
Xbk vmcn`uinry cmggmjiy uskh tm hoscuss pmpuinr rkiodomus
prnctock os rntbkr prm ikgntoc mj tbk drmujhs ml `mtb vmcn`uinry
njh gknjojd* Lrngks lmr ujhkrstnjhojd rkiodomus prnctock nrk
dkjkrniiy skkj tbrmudb `ojnroks ml ojlmrgnilmrgni) cmggmj
kiotk) nutbkjtocsupkrstotomj) njh mrtbmhmxbktkrmhmx ngmjdst
mtbkrs "Scro`jkr) >?28/* Xbksk `ojnroks nrk mltkj uskh ns
gktbmhmimdocni tmmis lmr cbnrtojd mut tbk hmgnoj ml rkiodomus
prnctocks wbocb kxost wotboj ns wkii ns mutsohk ml mlconi
hoscmursks ml rkiodomj oj smcokty* Lmcus upmj rurni) voiindk mr lmif
rkiodomj sogoinriy sbmws bmw pmpuinr rkiodomus prnctock mccupoks
n spnck wbocb cuts ncrmss njh os jmt kjtorkiy imcntn`ik wotboj
tbksk `ojnroks* Nttkjtomj tmwnrhs lmif rkiodomj oiiustrntks bmw
rmmts ml wmrsbop mltkj prkhntk lmrgni rkiodomus trnhotomjs njh
bnvk hostojctovkiy cuit'iofk prnctocks) mrni trnhotomjs njh rotuni
hkvmtomj) sucb ns pbniioc wmrsbop) ohmintry njh mllkrojds) njh oj
tbos skjsk ujskttiks njy jknt cntkdmrosntomj "Kidmmh) 05586
M`krmo) >??8/* Hkspotk tbos scbminrsbop) stuhoks stoii `kcmgk
kjduilkh wotboj tbk `ojnry'npprmncb oj wbocb voiindk mr lmif
rkiodomj ndnoj os cmjstructkh ns nj mppmsotk tm ur`nj) lmrgni
rkiodomj*
Umpuinr rkiodomj bns jugkrmus cmjjmtntomjs1 n skjsk ml tbk
gnssks mr n `mttmg'up pmsotomj) jkw rkiodomus gmvkgkjts
"Pknhkr , Xnjn`k) >??2/ mr tbnt wbocb bmihs tbk gmst
wohksprknh currkjcy mr pmpuinroty ml n pnrtocuinr togk* Xbk
tkrg pmpuinr rkiodomjos uskh oj tbos nrtocik)bmwkvkr) tm ojhocntkn
jmtomj ml rkiodomus ncts) `kiokls njh nctovotoks wbocb nrk prnctockh
njh kxpkrokjckh) rntbkr tbnj `kojd hkjkh njh nssodjkh "Hnvos)
>?20/* Xbus) wk usk tbk tkrg tm hkjmtk tbk kxpkrokjtoni
hogkjsomj) mr tbk skjsk ml tbk pmpuinr `kojd tbnt wbocb os
tnjdo iktm tbk gnssks oj n prmxogntk skjsk* Xbk tkrg) nswk uskot
bkrk) nism cmjjmtks nj niodjgkjt wotb kxpkrokjcks ml tbk
mrhojnry) cmggmj mr tbk kvkry hny) wbocb tkjh tm kxost
nimjdsohk) tbmudb nism `mtb wotboj njh mutsohk ml lmrgni
ojstotutomjnioskh lmrgs ml rkiodomj* Tmgkj$s prnctocks mpkrntk
wotboj sm gnjy rknigs ml rkiodomsoty tbnt ot os holcuit tm skpnrntk
lmrgni lrmg ojlmrgni) gnojstrkng lrmg gnrdojni mr njy mtbkr
hostojctomjs tm cbnrnctkrosk tbkor imcntomj* Xbkrklmrk) ot os mjiy n
skjsk ml tbk pmpuinr rntbkr tbnj n hkjn`ik tkrrnoj wbocb wk
utoiosk lmr tbk purpmsks ml tbos nrtocik*
Xbk ckjtrnioty ml wmgkj$s rkiodomus prnctock tm rkiodomus iolk os
jmt n jkw nrkn ml ojtkrkst* N hmgojnjt currkjt bns `kkj tm
kxngojk wmgkj wotboj lmrgni jmtomjs ml rkiodomj "o*k* wmgkj
njh Osing mr wmgkj njh Auhnosg/ mr tm njniysk tbk usk ml
wmgkj wotboj tbk cmjstructomj ml rkiodomus ohkjtotoks mr gmvk'
gkjts "Akllkry , @nsu) >??26 @nccbkttn) 0558/* Tmgkj) tbkor
`mhoks) ncckss tm khucntomj njh rksmurcks hrkss njh custmg) tm
jngk n lkw nspkcts) bnvk bostmrocniiy `kkj utoioskh tm krkct njh
gnojtnoj `mujhnroks `ktwkkj hollkrkjt rkiodomus ohkjtotoks njh)
oj tbos skjsk) bnvk `kkj uskh ns vkbociks lmr smconi cmjtrmi njh
hostojctomj* Xbk hkcmjstructomj ml rkiodomus) cinss mr cnstk
cmggujoty ohkjtotoks tbrmudb tbk ikjs ml dkjhkr bns `kkj nj
ogpmrtnjt nrkn ml kjquory oj tbk rknig ml ujhkrstnjhojd
wmgkj$s ckjtrnioty tm gnojstrkng prmckssks njh smconi lmrgn'tomjs "Gnibmtrn) 0550/* Bmwkvkr) `y nssugojd tbk vkry
cntkdmroks wotboj tbk hkcmjstructomj kxkrcosk) mjk jhs oj tbk
prmckss tbnt cntkdmroks `kcmgk pkrvkrskiy rkokh wboik mtbkr
lmrgs ml ohkjtocntomj njh nctovoty nrk mvkrimmfkh* Ot os prkcoskiy
lmr tbos rknsmj tbnt tbos nrtocik cbmmsks tbk wmrfojd hkjotomj
ojtrmhuckh knriokr ml pmpuinrrkiodomj ns tbk stnrtojd pmojt lrmg
wbocb tm inujcb nj kxngojntomj ml wmgkj$s pmsotomjnioty*
Umpuinr rkiodomj) ns nj ujxkh cmsgmimdy ml sporotuni ncts)
prnctocks njh `kiokls wbocb nrk prmxogntk tm wmgkj$s kvkryhny
iovks prmvohks n ikjs jmt wbmiiy cmjjkh tm tbk cntkdmroks ml
rkiodomus hostojctomj* Xbkrk nrk prm ikgs nssmcontkh wotbimcntojd
njh crotocniiy njniysojd wmgkj$s pmsotomj wotboj rkiodomus
hoscmursk njh prnctock) wbktbkr pmpuinr mr mtbkrwosk* Nbgkh
"0550/ pmodjnjtiy nhhrkssks tbk gympoc vokw ml rkiodomj
ojbkrkjt wotboj hoscussomjs ml rkiodomj njh wmgkj1
Tboik ot os nii vkry wkii tm hoscuss wmgkj njh) lmr kxngpik)
Auhnosg) Osing mr @uhhbosg) tbk nssugptomjs tbnt wk `rojd
tm tbk ossuks nrk sucb tbnt tbky prkciuhk njy dkjuojk
rkcnstojd ml kxtnjt njh wohkiy bkih ohkns n`mut rkiodomj pkr
sk) ns wkii ns n`mut wmgkj "Nbgkh) 0550) p* 45/*
Xbus) tbk gnojstrkngojd ml n wmgkj'ckjtrkh) lkgojost mr
dkjhkr njniysos ml rkiodomj bns ykt tm sulcokjtiy hkckjtrk tbk
dkjhkrkh) gnscuiojost ujhkrpojjojds ml tbk hoscopiojks ml
rkiodomus stuhoks mr tbkmimdy* Tmgkj$s prnctocks kjdndk wotb
cuiturni kxprkssomjs ml sporotunioty wbocb nrk mltkj mvkrimmfkh oj
tkrgs ml bmw rkiodomus ohkjtoty os lmrgniiy ujhkrstmmh* Bmwkvkr)
ncfjmwikhdojd prnctocks wotboj tbk sporotuni rknig wbocb nrk
dkjkrniiy rkiojquosbkh ns cuiturni rntbkr tbnj rkiodomus) sucb ns
ohmintry) cmjsuitntomj wotb bmiy durks) tbk usk ml vmtovks) mr
hovns) `rmnhkjs tbkikjsml njniysos ml rkiodomus prnctock* Tmgkj$s
prnctocks mltkj trknh tbk jk iojk hostojctomj `ktwkkj sncroikdk
njh cuiturk* Ot os jm wmjhkr tbkj) tbnt wmgkj$s prnctocks
ojciuhojd hrkss) gm oioty) smconi gmrks njh khucntomj wkrk
tnrdktkh kxpiocotiy `y tbk smconi rklmrg gmvkgkjts ml tbk >?05s
njh >?35s oj Ojhon njh `y su`skqukjt rkiodomus rklmrg gmvk'
gkjts oj pmst'cmimjoni Smutb Nson*
Xbk pkrckptomj ml pminroskh rkiodomus cntkdmroks bns `kkj
bodbiy hoscrkhotkh `y tbk rkcmdjotomj ml tbk guitopik jnturk ml
prnctock njh ohkjtocntomj `rmudbt mj `y tbk mjsinudbt ml pmst'
structurniost njh pmst'cmimjoni crotoquks mlrkiodomj "Fojd) >???/*
Nssnynd "0558/ pmojts mut bmw n pminroskh ujhkrstnjhojd ml
BojhuGusiog bns `kkj lmrguintkh mut ml n hk lnctm ncckptnjck
ml progmrhoni hostojctomjs) hkspotk kvohkjck ml rocb cmjffukjt
bostmroks ml cmkxostkjck njh cmggmjnioty* Njniysos ml tbk cmj'
structkh jnturk ml gnamr rkiodomus `mujhnroks)lmr ojstnjck) hrnws
nttkjtomj tm stntk njh mtbkr gmhks ml cmjtrmi njh rntomjniosntomj
wbocb bnvk bostmrocniiy nttkgptkh tm hosrupt pmpuinr jmtomjs ml
rkiodomus piurniosg rntbkr tbnj lmstkr tbkg "Gniof) 05556
Gnynrng) >??4/*
Xbk hkcmjstructomj ml rkiodomj bns ojhkkh mpkjkh up tbk
spnck lmr kjquory ml wmgkj$s pmsotomjnioty njh ndkjcy*Bmwkvkr)
tbkrk nrk twm jmtockn`ik trnakctmroks tbnt kgkrdkh mut ml tbos
spnck* Xbkrst os tbnt wmgkj$s rkiodomus prnctock os skkj tbrmudb
tbk cmjstructomj ml rkiodomus ohkjtotoks "Gnibmtrn) 0550/ njh tbk
skcmjh os ml wmgkj `kojd tbk vkbocik lmr tbk lurtbkrojd ml cm'
imjoni njh cmggujni ndkjhns* Iottik nttkjtomj bns `kkj pnoh tm
tbk sporotuni prnctocks ml wmgkj ns kxprkssomjs ml ndkjcy njh
cmjtrmiml provntkrkiodomsoty*Xbos cbnptkrwoiinrduktbnt wmgkj$s
prnctocks kxost nimjdsohk) cmtkrgojmusiy) ut mltkj mutsohk ml tbkgnojstrkng rkiodomus hoscmursk*
328 J*F* Uurkwni) \*S* Fnirn - Tmgkj$s Stuhoks Ojtkrjntomjni Lmrug 33 "05>5/ 32332?
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Cuiturni prnctock) sncrkh ncts mr rkiodomus `kiokl=
Oj dkjkrni tbkj) gy prmpmsni os tbnt wbkj wktnif mlrkiodomj
oj n jmj'tbkmimdocni skjsk) wk rkniiy gknj cuiturk) ujhkr'
stmmh ns tbk stuhy ml oj'stotutomjniozkh vniuks) njh tbk
ojtkrprktntomj ml syg`mioc systkgs) ojciuhojd tbkrotuniozntomj
ml kvkryhny iolk* Ol wk nrk tm usk tbk wmrh sncrkh "tbmudb O
ng jmt cmjvojckh tbnt wk jkkh ot/ ot cnj `k uskh tm rklkr tmtbmsk tbojds wbocb nrk lujhngkjtniiy vniukh `y n cmggu'
joty6 tbnt tbksk vniuks cnj `k ohkjtokh ns syg`miocniiy
mrhkrkh njh rkprmhuckh oj n wbmik rnjdk ml ojstotutomjs*
"Lotzdkrnih) >??4) p* ????8) p* 0/ nrtocuintks tbk hyjngosg njh guitopiocoty oj
hkvmtomjni prnctocks tbrmudb n hocbmtmgy `ktwkkj lmif njh
rkiodomus trnhotomjs* Xbk suddkstomj bkrk os tbnt smgkbmw tbk
rkiodomus hmgnoj cnjmjiy `k skkjoj `mujhkhtkrgs) wbkrknsmur
cmjtkjtomj os tbnt dkjhkr njh cnstk nrk ckjtrni tm wbnt `kcmgks
rkjhkrkh ns lmif njh wbnt os skkj ns rkiodomus* Oj nj nttkgpt tm
nvmoh tbk cmjffoctuni stnjck tbnt bns mltkj kgkrdkh oj tbk hk ntk
`ktwkkj lmifnjh rkiodomus mr vkrjncuinr njhscropturni trnhotomjs
Gor "055
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hny* Tboik tbos `ncfdrmujh skkgs tm bnvk hosnppknrkh oj tbk
Uujan`o cmjtkxt "ns tbkrknrk jm rklkrkjcks tm lnstojd mr tm Unrvnto
oj njy ml tbk iotkrnturk mj tbklkstovni oj Uujan` jmr`y tbk wmgkj
O spmfk tm/) tbk mtbkr nspkcts ml tbkrotuni rkgnoj*Urognroiy) tbksk
nrk tbk rkturj ml gnrrokh hnudbtkrs tm tbkor jntni voiindks6 tbk
dntbkrojd ml wmgkj tm sojd njh hnjck oj pu`ioc6 njh nj
ntgmspbkrk ml pinyluijkss) gmst syg miocniiy rkprkskjtkh
tbrmudb swojds bujd lrmg trkks*
Mjk ml tbk dkjkrni cmjtkxts lmr tbos rkturj tm tbk jntni bmgk
njh tbk su skqukjt lmrgnioskh pinyluijkss os n rkcmdjotomj ml tbk
jntni-cmjaudnihostojctomj1 Npnrt lrmg tbk hostojct rotuni njh dolt'
dovojd rmiks oj tbk twm voiindks) n wmgnj$s kvkryhny smconi
ohkjtoty os nism drmujhkh lujhngkjtniiy oj tbos cmjtrnst*
Stnjhnrhs lmr prmpkr `kbnvomur hollkr hrngntocniiy oj tbk twm
voiindks "Pnbkan , Dmih) >??8) p* >52/ Lmr kxngpik6 lrkk
gmvkgkjt oj tbk jntni voiindk os cmjtrnstkh wotb purhnb oj tbk
cmjaudni voiindk) kvkj tbmudb tbos os niwnys su`akct tm cmjtkstn'
tomjs "Sbnrgn) 055;/* Xbk ckjtrni cmjtrnhoctomj tbnt Pnbkan
wosbks tm hkgmjstrntks nt tbk bknrt ml Jmrtb Ojhonj fojsbop
ohkmimdy os tbnt ml wmgkj `kojd hostojctovkiy ns mjk$s mwj njh
soguitnjkmusiy mtbkr "Pnbkan , Dmih) >??8) p* 0/* Xbos ohknioskh
jmtomj ml wmgkj$s rkintomjsbop tm pinck njh spnck cmgks `klmrk
tbk nhvkjt ml cmggujocntomjs tkcbjmimdy njhoj Uujan o voiindks
tbk ur njosntomj tbnt cngk wotb tbk drkkj rkvmiutomj* Xbk n oioty
tm vosot tbkjntni voiindk njh tm gnojtnoj cmjstnjt cmjtnct tbrmudb
tbk gm`oik pbmjk bns skkj n hogojosbkh jkkh lmr tbk Xkka gkin*
Ojhkkh) Xkka oj Uujan` os gmrk mltkj lmujh oj tbk gmhkrjoskh
cmjtkxt ml doris$ scbmmis njh wmgkj cmiikdks* Mur njniysos ml tbk
rurni cmjtkxt ml tbk lkstovni tbkrklmrk nrosks mut ml tkxtuni
nccmujts*
Tmgkj$s pmpuinr cuiturk) ns Gnibmtrn) "0550/ nism tkrgs ot)
wns su`akct tm tbk gmhkrjosojd bnjh ml tbk Sojdb Sn`bn "Sofb
smconi rklmrg/ gmvkgkjt oj Uujan` nt tbk `kdojjojd ml tbk 05tb
ckjtury* Durhot Sojdb ">??>5 tbk ur nj Sojdb
Sn`bn rklmrgkrs cngk njh gm`oioskh ndnojst wmgkj sojdojd
vuidnr njh `nwhy smjds* Ojhkkh) tbos os pnrt ml tbk dkjkrnioskh
systkg ml jkw cmjtrmis `kojd pinckh mj wmgkj oj tbk cmimjoni
pkromh oj Uujan`* Gnibmtrn$s "0550) p* >?5/* Durhot Sojdb dovks wkodbt tm tbos
wotb tbk lmiimwojd cmupikt1
Hkntb tm tbkg) tbmsk Sojdb Sn`boyk$s wbm bnvk stmppkh
tbk Dohhbn nt tbk Xkknnj VlkstovniW "Sojdb) >????8/) tbksk smjd tkxts nrk su vkrsovk) lmr Sfojjkr njh
Nhbofnro ">??8/) tbky nrk n crotocni cmggkjtnry rntbkr tbnj
ojhocntojd n rotuni tbnt rkojlmrcks tbk dkjhkr rkintomjs njh
bkips prmhuck wmgkj wbm woiiojdiy njh cmgpionjtiy ncckpt tbk
cmjstrnojts ml tbos pntronrcbni systkg "Sfojjkr njh Nhbofnro
>??81 0/* Oj tbk Uujan` cmjtkxt jm hmu t oj tbk gohst ml tbksk
pmpuinr prnctocks0 "njh jmt aust nt tbk Xkknnj lkstovni/) tbkrk nrk
ckrtnojiy ojhocntomjs ml crotocni cmggkjtnry njh pmtkjtoni
su`vkrsomj) `ut jmjktbkikss ot hmks skkg tbnt tbksk spncks nct
ns snlkty vnivks rntbkr tbnj ns vkbociks lmr su`vkrsomj* Oj tbk
cmjtkxt ml tbk incf ml nj mrdnjoskh wmgkj$s mr lkgojost
gmvkgkjt oj tbk rkdomj) tbk qukstomj ml wbkrk tbos su`vkrsomj
mr crotocni cmggkjtnryjhs njygntkroni gnjolkstntomj `kcmgks
ml pnrngmujt ogpmrtnjck*
Sbnrgn "055;/ njh Pnbkan njh Dmih ">??8/ mllkr nj
njniytocniiy usklui skt ml tmmis lmr kxngojojd wmgkj$s iovks* Xbkor
cmjckrjs wotb tbkguitopik pincks lrmg wbocb wmgkj spknf njh
rkintk) ns hnudbtkrs) sostkrs) wovks njh gmtbkrs cmgpiocntks njy
jmtomj ml n ujotnry lkgnik su`akct* Hkspotk tbksk smpbostocntkh
nccmujts) bmwkvkr) tbkrk os nt tbk `nsk ml tbkor wmrf n bktkrm'
jmrgntovoty nt piny) oj tbnt wmgkjwbm nrk mutsohk ml pntronrcbni
rmiks nppknr inrdkiynsdurks ml gnrdojnioty "nsoj Sbnrgn)055;/
mr ns m`akct ml rohocuik oj gnjy ml tbk smjd tkxts* Lmr Pnbkan njh
Dmih ">??8/) ot os `nrrkj wmgkj) wmgkj wbmsk bus njhs
hkcohk lmr mjk rknsmj mr njmtbkr tm tnfk n skcmjh wolk) njh ml
wmgkj nccuskhml kjdndojd oj oiiocot skxuni rkintomjs "Pnbkan njh
Dmih) >??81p* >35/ 32332?
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cmursk pkrtnoj tm tbkskdurks* Kvkj tbmudb tbk ogpmrtnjt pmojt
os gnhk nt tbk kjh ml tbos nrtocik njh oj bkr mtbkr wmrf) tbnt
wmgkj ns wovks) sostkr) gmtbkrs "njh oj'inws/ njh gnrdojni
durks) sojdtmdktbkrnjh tbkrklmrk cbnjdk vmocks) tbosos pkrbnps
mjiy ormjoc npprkbkjsomj oj tbk lnck ml tbkfojsbopsystkg wbocb
spiots tbkg*
Xkknj hn gkin bns `kkj prkskjtkh bkrk ns nj oiiustrntomj ml n
lkstovni wbmsk ojtkrprktntomj lrmgn wmgkj'ckjtrkh pkrspkctovk
mllkrs nj kxngpik ml bmw tbk hostojctomj `ktwkkj cuiturni njh
rkiodomus rotunisnjhprnctocks cnjmltkj `k rntbkr ujciknrmr luzzy*
Ot os prkcoskiy tbos luzzojkss) wbocb cnj jkotbkr `k in`kiikh jmr
xkh tm n cmggujoty wbocb prkskjts nj kxngpik ml n skt ml
prnctocks jmt imcntn ik wotboj njy skt ohkjtoty mr trnhotomj*
Ojhkkh) tbk cmjtkgpmrnry gnrfojd ml Xkknj hn gkin oj gnjy
cmiikdks njh ujovkrsotoks oj jmrtb Ojhon prmvohks ykt njmtbkr
kxngpik ml bmw Xkka) wbkj ujhkrstmmh wotboj ots cmjtkxtuni
ckik rntomj) cnj soguitnjkmusiy rkprkskjt ots gmhkrjoty ns wkii
ns ots trnhotomjni sodjocnjck* Bodbkr khucntomjni ojstotutomjs oj
knst Uujan` nrk kgkrdojd ns ykt njmtbkr skt ml spncks ml gkktojd
njh cmiikctovoty lmr ymujd wmgkj wbkrk tbk rkfojhiojd ml tbk
ckik`rntomj ml wmgkj'ckjtrkh lkstovnis sucb ns Xkknj hn gkin
skkgs bodbiy npprmprontk) tbmudb woii jm hmu`t iknh tm jkw
ojtkrprktntomjs wotboj ots kvmivojd cmggkgmrntomj oj cmjtkg'
pmrnry Uujan`*
Sbrojk prnctocks oj Gusiog Uujan`
Ol tbk gkin rkprkskjts nj ojlmrgni wmgkj$s spnck wbocb
cngk tm n simw hkgosk wotb tbk nhvkjt ml rkiodomus ujolmrgoty
njh gmhkrj lmrgs ml cmggujocntomj) tbkj tbk prnctocks ml
wmgkj nt sbrojks oj Tkst Uujan`prmvohk n iovojd kxngpik ml tbk
vo`rnjcy ml pmpuinr prnctocks hkspotk ojstotutomjni njh stntk
gkcbnjosgs tm strkngiojk rkiodomus prnctocks* Xbmudb mjckndnoj
tbk prkssurks mj ojlmrgni prnctocks nt sbrojks lrmg rklmrgost njhlmrgniost rkiodomus mrtbmhmxy njh tbk Unfostnjo stntk wmrf
tbrmudb cmjtrmi ml wmgkj$s `mhoks* Skt oj tbk `rmnh cmjtkxt ml
Smutb Nsonj Susg) tbk prnctocks ml wmgkj nt Su sbrojks oj
Uujan` lmrgs n hkgmtoc pnrniiki ujovkrsk tm tbk Ukrsonj tkxtuni
trnhotomj ml Smutb Nsonj Osing* Xbk iotkrnturk mj Smutb Nsonj
Susg njh mj sbrojks oj pnrtocuinr os mltkj cnudbt up `y n
hkgnjh lmr rkcmdjotomj ml tbk cmgpikx) tkxtuni wmrih ml Su
Osing* Oj smgk skjsks tbos `kcmgks tbk stnrtojd pmojt ml nj
njniysos) tbnt `mtb ikjhs n ckrtnoj skjsk ml crkho oioty tm wbnt nrk
skkj "`y jmj'Su Gusiogs/ ns bktkrmhmx nctovotoks) `ut nism
prmvohks n cmjtkxt tbnt lmrgniosks wbnt cnj `k ktbjmdrnpbocniiy
vokwkh ns hkgmtoc prnctocks* Xbos hocbmtmgy os jkntiy rkprk'
skjtkh njh lmiimwkh `y Buhn "0553/1
*** tbk pkrckptomj ml Sus ns prognroiy ojtmxocntkh) hnjcojd)
smconiiy wotbhrnwj nscktocs os stoii cmjaurkh up oj cmjtkg'
pmrnry wmrfs*** Smgk ml tbkprm ikgs tbnt nrk nssmcontkh wotb
tbk ojhovohuni su amurjky wotbmut njy structurk tm tbk
Osingoc hmctrojks njh inw nrk tokh tm wkstkrj stuhoks ml
gystocosg "0550) p* 8/*
Buhn) tbkj dmks mj tm prkskjt nj ojtkiikctuni bostmry ml tbk
wrotojd ml tbk Subrnwnrhosus) ojhkkhlmiimwojd oj tbk lmmtstkps
ml njmtbkr strnjh ml Mrokjtniost scbminrsbop `kst kxkgpiokh `y
tbk cnjmj ml Njjk Gnrok Scboggki ">?4;6 055>/* Xbmudb tbosojtkiikctuni trnhotomj bns prmhuckh drknt ojsodbts ojtm tbk
scbkgntoc gntrox ml Su tbmudbt) tbk nctuni dkjhkrkh jnturk ml
gystocni prnctock nt su sbrojks bns jmt kkj tmm wkii kxpimrkh*
Pocbnrh Kntmj$s hktnoikh njh bostmrocniiy wkii rksknrcbkh
nrtociksmj tbk sbrojk ml LnrohDnjaSbnfnr) oj UnfUnttnj"`ktwkkj
tbk >>tb njh >2tb ckjturoks/ gnojiy lmcus mj ckrkgmjoks njh
rotunis wbocb prognroiy ojvmivkh gkj) sucb ns tbk hnstnr `njho
"tur`nj tyojd/ njh tbk gurkkh ojotontomj ckrkgmjoks* Xbos os jmt
lrmg tbk incf ml n gmrk dkjkrni rkcmdjotomj tbnt tbk hmgojnjt
rmik pinykh `y wmgkj oj tbos Ojhonj lmifs Osing cnjjmt `k
ujhkrkstogntkh "Kntmj) 0555) p* >?4/) `ut pkrbnps huk tm tbk
incf ml tkxtuni smurcks tm suppmrt tbos cinog oj tbk cnsk ml Lnroh$s
tmg`* Sm kvkj oj tbk Hkccnj cnsk stuhy wbkrk Kntmj ncfjmwi'
khdks tbk ckjtrni rmik ml wmgkj) tbos os jmt tbrmudb tbkor rotuni
prnctock `ut rntbkr bmw tbkor kvkryhny cuiturk) nppknrs oj tbk
tkxts mltbk supmkts1 Xbk `uif ml tbklmif pmktry wrottkj `y Sus
wns sujd `y voiindk wmgkj wboik kjdndkh oj vnromus bmuskbmih
cbmrks* Xbk gmst cmggmj typks ojciuhk tbk cbnffo'jngn) sm
cniikh `kcnusk ot wns sujd wboik drojhojd lmmh drnojs nt tbk
drojhstmjk mlcbnffo njh tbk cbnrfbn'jngn sujd wboik spojjojd
tbrknh nt tbk spojjojd wbkki) mr cbnrfnb "Kntmj) 0555) p* >?>/*
Xbkrk os nj ojvkrsomj nt piny oj tbos njniysos) wbkrk`y wmgkj$s
prnctocks nrk npprmncbkh tbrmudb tbk tkxtuni smurcks ml tbk Su
snojts* N sogoinr prmckss os nt piny oj tbk wmrf ml N``ns "0550/
wbmsk `mmf Xbk Lkgnik \mock oj Su Potuni1 Hkvmtomjni Urnctocks ml
Unfostnj njh Ojhon) wmuih nt rst sodbt prmgosk tm prmvohk smgk
nccmujts ml wmgkj$s prnctocks nt Su sbrojks* Pntbkr wk nrk
mllkrkh tbk wnys oj wbocb Su tkxtuni njh pkrlmrgntovk
trnhotomjs kg mhy tbk lkgojojk projcopik* Xbkrk nrk smgk
ojtkrkstojd ktbjmdrnpboc pokcks mj wmgkj gusoconjs `ut scnjt
hktnois n`mut hkvmtomjni prnctock*
Pntbkr) ot os oj n stuhy ml tbk kpbkgkrn ml pmpuinr cuiturk) oj
tbk wmjhkrlui `mmf Su Umstkr Nrt) `y Lrkg`dkj "055
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n`mut sbrojk prnctocks nrk jkdmtontkh `y wmgkj* Lmr ojstnjck) nt
tbk togk ml gndbro` jngnz nt sujskt) wmgkj ckjsmr mjk
njmtbkr$s prnctocks oj tkrgs ml `mhy pmsotomjojd vos''vos tbk
gmsquk njh tbk sbrojk wotb rkspkct tm tbk horkctomj tbnt mjk
sbmuih `k lnckh) nsskrtojd n gmrni nutbmroty ngmjdst mjk
njmtbkr* Bmwkvkr) nt Gonj Gor tbkrk os jm skdrkdntomj `ktwkkj
gkj njh wmgkj oj lmrgni tkrgs) wboist Sbnb Angni bns twm
skpnrntkh nrkns* Oj kncb cnsk dnrinjhs mlffmwkrs nrk `iksskh `y
pnssojd mvkr tbk tmg` njh tbkj dovkj `ncf tm wmgkj "dovkj
tbkor rkstroctomj mj nctuni kjtry/* Lrmgiodbtojd ojckjsk njh hovns
tm prnyojd nt tbk wniis ml tbk tmg`) wmgkj$s nctovotoks nrk lnoriy
ujcmjtrmvkrsoni* Nt tbk urs ml Sbnb Angni) drmups ml wmgkj oj
tbkor mwj inrdk dkjhkr skdrkdntkh cmurtynrh "wotb mjiy tbk
prkskjck ml `my cboihrkj/ nism tnfk up drmup sojdojd* Pkffkctojd
hkvmtomj tm tbk Urmpbkt Gmbnggkh) njh tm tbk snojts) tbksk
sogpik smjds oj Uujan`o rkffkct mj tbk imjd trnhotomj ml wmgkj$s
lmif tujks `kojd ojcmrpmrntkh ojtm sporotuni smjd "skk n`mvk/*
Tboist wmgkj sojdojd oj skdrkdntkh spncks gny pusb nt tbk
gnrdojs ml ncckptn ik `ut tmikrn ik `kbnvomur `y mrtbmhmx
Gusiogs) hnjcojd oj n goxkh skttojd wmuih `k rkintovkiy knsoiy
cmjhkgjkh* _kt nt Gonj Gor njh tbk [rs ml @nro Ogng oj
Pnwnipojho) hurojd tbk gusocni pkrlmrgnjcks mr "sngn/ tbkrk os
tbk prkskjck ml n sgnii jug`kr ml wmgkj hnjcojd* Xbos hnjcojd
botbkrtm os rkstroctkh tm tbk togk ml tbk urs mr gkin) `ut nt sbrojks
oj Sojhb) sucb ns Skbwnj Sbnrkkl ot os snoh tm `k n rkduinr prnctock*
Xbk rmik ml hbnggni mr kcstntoc hnjck oj su pkrlmrgnjck bns
`kkj wkii kxpimrkh `y Pocbnrh Tmil "0553/*
Hbngni njh `bnjdr n) ns twm fojhs ml $urs'npprmprontk hrug
dkjrks) mjk gmrk skromus tbnj tbk mtbkr) rmudbiy rkprmhuck
tbk hostojctomj `ktwkkj tbmsk wbm nrk cmjsohkrkh gmrk
skromus mr pomus oj tbkor hnjcojd lmr tbk snojt njh tbmsk wbmnrk aust lmmiojd nrmujh "Tmil) 055?80) wbocb stntks1
3* Uujosbgkjt lmr sojdojd mr hnjcojd oj Gusiog Sbrojks*Ol
njy wmgnj mr dori sojds tm tbk nccmgpnjogkjt ml n gusocni
ojstrugkjt mr hnjcks wotbmr wotbmut n gusocniojstrugkjt oj
n Gusiog Sbrojk) sbk sbnii `k duoity ml nj mllkjck ujhkr tbos
Nct njh sbnii `k ion ik mj cmjvoctomj tm `k pujosbkh wotbjk
jmt kxckkhojd vk bujhrkh rupkks mr wotb ogprosmjgkjt ml
kotbkrhkscroptomj lmrn tkrg jmtkxckkhojd soxgmjtbsmr wotb
`mtbsucbjk njhogprosmjgkjt* "bttp1--pujan`inws*dmv*pf-
inws-;/) nccksskh mj 4tb Nudust 055?*
Tbnt os ml cruconi ogpmrtnjck bkrk os tbnt tbk ikdni stntutk
rklkrs tm tbk dkjkrni nspkct ml Gusoc njh sbrojks) `ut tbk
cmjtrmiiojd nspkct os smikiy n`mut wmgkj$s `mhoks njh ndkjcy*
Xbk dkjhkrkh jnturk ml hk`ntks n`mut fknt njh tbk prmpkr
cmjhuct oj sbrojks `kcmgks kxpmskh oj tbk kxpiocot hksork lmr tbk
cmjtrmi ml wmgkj$s `mhoks* Xbk lnct tbnt n inw wns rkquorkh oj
tbos gnttkr njh kihwmrf wotb tbmsk nttkjhojd sbrojks mvkr n
imjd pkromh ojhocntk tbnt wmgkj$s pnrtocopntomj wns su`stnjtoni
oj gnjy ml tbk gnoj [rs) pnrtocuinriy tbnt ml Ogng @nro oj
Pnwnipojho* Ot wns hurojd tbk pkromh ml Nyu` Fbnj$s ruik lrmg
>?;? mjwnrhs tbnt wmgkj$spnrtocopntomj oj hnjcojd njh sojdojd
njh tbk dkjkrni nutmjmgy ml sbrojks `kdnj tm `k cur`kh* Ns
Kwojd ">??4) p* 45/ jmtks Xbk Nyu` Fbnj nhgojostrntomj***
wmrfkh tm hkvkimp n jkw ohkmimdy tmwnrhs snojts njh sbrojks*
Mjk ml tbk ckjtrni nspkcts ml tbos wns tbk drkntkr cmjtrmi mvkr
wmgkj$s pnrtocopntomj*
Xbos prmckss ml ohkmimdocni sbolt ogpnctkh mj bmw wmgkj
"njh gkj/ pkrckovkh tbk sbrojk* Oj Fntbkrojk Kwojd$s mrodojni
njhjkiy crnltkh `mmfNrduojd Snojtbmmh) wmgkj$s pkrspkctovks
mj sbrojk wmrsbop nrk wkii nrtocuintkh* @ut tbk tbkgntoc os
prognroiy cmjckrjkh wotb tbk tkjsomjs tbnt nrk ojbkrkjt oj tbk
prnctocks lrmg n rkiodomus pkrspkctovk* Xbk lmiimwojd njniysos ml
mjk ml Kwojd$s rkspmjhkjts oiiustrntks tbos pmojt1
Oj tbk stmry ml bkr vosot tm Hntn snbo`) Qnbohn kxprksskh
cmjtrnry pmsotomjs soguitnjkmusiy njh nttkgptkh tm rksmivk
tbkg* Sbk stoii gnojtnojkh tbk pmsotomj tbnt ot os wrmjd tm
prny nt sbrojks*** @ut bkr kxpkrokjck bns lmrckh bkr tm nhmpt
tbk pmsotomj tbnt ot os prmpkr tm vosot tbk sbrojks ml ckrtnoj
bodbiy rkspkctkh snojts) ol mjk os cnrklui jmt tm prny tm tbk
snojt ns nj ojhkpkjhkjt ndkjt wbm woii drnjt mjk$s rkqukst
wotbmut Dmh$s bkip "wbnt sbk cniikh hmojd puan/ "Kwojd)
>??4) p* >08/*
Tbnt prnyojd nt tbk sbrojk ml Hntn Snbo` nctuniiy cmjstotutks
os jmt mlckjtrni cmjckrj tm Kwojd$sjnrrntovk* _kt ot os prkcoskiytbk
rkstroctomjs mj wmgkj$s prnctocks nt sbrojks tbnt kg`mhy tbk
ohkmimdy tbnt hkjks wbktbkr ot os rodbt mr wrmjd tm vosot
sbrojks* Ot os tbk ncts ml iodbtojd ojckjsk) ml dovojd mllkrojds njhiodbtojdhovns tbnt cmjstotutks wbnt godbt `k skkj ns puan rntbkr
322 J*F* Uurkwni) \*S* Fnirn - Tmgkj$s Stuhoks Ojtkrjntomjni Lmrug 33 "05>5/ 32332?
http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/56.html#_ftn1http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/56.html#_ftn1http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/56.html#_ftn1http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/56.html#_ftn17/30/2019 1297087724 Purewal Article Women's Studies Article 2010
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tbnj tbk n`strnct prnctock ml prnykr* Pntbkr tbnj vokwojd tbksk
prnctocks ns pnrt ml n dkjkrni scbkgntn ml hkvmtomj) tbk
ohkmimdocni wmrf ml Osingosntomj tbnt os ckjtrni tm tbk Unfostnjo
jntomjni prmakct cmgks tm tbk lmrk* Ot os nism tbkgmgkjt oj wbocb
wmgkj$s rotuni prnctocks `kcmgk cmjtrmiikh njh su mrhojntktm n
gmrk lmrgnioskh rkiodomus mrtbmhmxy* Xbos os jmt tm nrduk tbnttbos
hmks jmt mllkr prmdrkssovk pmtkjtoni lmr wmgkj$s kgnjcopntomj
`ut tbnt tbk hovkrsoty njh ffuohoty ojbkrkjt oj sbrojk hkvmtomj os
su`sugkh tm n prkscroptovk skt ml prnctocks*
Cmjciusomj
Umpuinr prnctocks nrk mltkj jmt rkdostkrkh ns `kojd lmrgni
mjks* Ns n rksuit) tbkrk os n cmjtojuojd hoscmursk mj rkiodomus
ohkjtoty oj Uujan` wbocb pmsots gmst ncts ml wmgkj$s wmrsbop ns
cuiturni rntbkr tbnj ns rkiodomus) tbus rkikdntojd tbkor cmjtro`u'
tomjs njh nctovotoks tm tbk gnrdojs* Sofb wmgkj m`skrvojd fnrvn
cbnutb) lmr ojstnjck) mr Gusiog wmgkj iodbt hovn$s mr gnfojd
poidrogndk tm Jnjfnjn Snbo`) tbk `ortbpinck ml Duru Jnjnf) oj
Unfostnj) cnj mltkj `k ujhkrstmmh ns `kojd supkrstotomus mr ns
ojhoscrktomjs) rntbkr tbnj ns ncts wbocb sbmw `mujhnry crmssojd
nctovotoks tbrmudb sbnrkh prnctocks) sporotuni smurcks njh rklkr'
kjckpmojts* Xbksk sbnrkh sporotuni smurcks njhprnctocks lmrgtbk
lmujhntomj ml Uujan $s vkrjncuinr rkiodomj* Xbos kxosts oj tnjhkg
wotb mtbkr lmrgs ml rkiodomus kxprkssomj njh ohkjtoty `ut wbocb
sbmuih jmt `k gkrkiy hosgosskh ns cuiturni mr gnrdojni gkrkiy
`kcnusk ot os inrdkiywmgkj wbm cmjtojuk tm fkkp tbksk prnctocks
niovk*
Xbk OjhonjUnfostnj `mrhkr tbnt rujs tbrmudb Uujan` hmks
jmt hosrupt tbos vkrjncuinr skt ml rkiodomus prnctocks) jmr hmks ot
sbmw tbnt tbk strmjd lmrcks ml hosnpprmvni lrmg lmrgni
ojstotutomjs bnvk hmjk nwny wotb wmgkj pnrtnfojd oj sucb
prnctocks njhrotunis* Tbnt tbk lrngk ml crmss' mrhkr Uujan` hmks
sbmw os tbnt tbk dkjkrni hksork lmr tbk cmjtrmi ml wmgkj$s `mhoks
njh tbkor gm`oioty wotboj tbk pu`ioc spnck kxosts ncrmss `mtb
Ojhonj njh Unfostnjo Uujan`) ns `mtb pincks `kcmgk ojcrknsojdiy
bypkr'gnscuiojoskh smcoktoks* @y lmcusojd mj tbk Xkknnj hn gkin
oj Knst Uujan` njh sbrojk prnctocks oj Tkst Uujan` wk bmpk tm
bnvk sbmwj tbk rksoiokjck ml pmpuinr prnctock `ut nism tbk
cmjtkstkh jnturk ml tbostkrrnoj* Xbkjkdikct ml wmgkj$s prnctocks
hogojosbks mur ujhkrstnjhojds ml rkiodomus prnctock njh tkjhs tm
kjlmrckn sojduinr vokwml rkiodomus ohkjtotynjh`kimjdojd) wbocb
bns bostmrocniiy bnh trndoc cmjskqukjcks oj tbk rkdomj*
Ncfjmwikhdkgkjts
Xbk nutbmrs nrk drntklui tm tbk Pkiodomj njh Smcokty
prmdrnggk) amojtiy lujhkh `y tbk Kcmjmgoc njh Smconi Pksknrcb
Cmujcoi njh tbk Nrts njh Bugnjotoks Pksknrcb Cmujcoi) [*F*) lmr
suppmrt ml tbk rksknrcb prmakct kjtotikh Dkjhkr) Cnstk njh tbk
Urnctocks ml Pkiodomus Ohkjtotoks tbnt tbos nrtocik cmgks mut ml* Xbk
nutbmrs wmuih nism iofk tm tbnjf Urmlkssmr [rsuin Sbnrgn lmr bkr
ojsodbts njh suddkstomjs mj nj knriokr hrnlt ml tbos pnpkrns wkii ns
mj tbk mvkrnii prmakct tbnt tbos pnpkr os `nskh mj*
Kjhjmtks
> Nii trnjsintomjs lrmg tbk Uujan o cnrrokh mut `y tbk nutbmrs wotb
nhhotomjni suppmrt lrmg Suraot Sojdb Fnirn*
0 Xbkrk nrk mtbkr rurni spncks tbnt wmgkj wmuih smikiy mccupy oj tbk
Uujan`* Xbk Xrojabnj) n dntbkrojd nrmujh tbk spojjojd wbkki) oj prk'dns njh
kikctroc mvkjs) tbk tnjhmmr wmuih `k n pinck ml wmgkj$s dntbkrojd njh
tnifojd* @ut tbk Xkknnj lkstovni gmst pmtkjtiy `rojds mut ossuks ml `kimjdojd
`kcnusk ml tbk rkturjojd hnudbtkrs*
Pklkrkjcks
N``ns) @urjky "0550/* Xbk Lkgnik \mock oj Su Potuni1 Hkvmtomjni Urnctocks mlUnfostnj njh Ojhon* Nustoj1 [jovkrsoty ml Xkxns Urkss*
Nbgkh) Hurrk "0550/* Dkjhkrojd tbk sporot1 Tmgkj) rkiodomj njh tbk pmst'cmimjoni rkspmjsk* Imjhmj1 Qkh @mmfs*
Nssnynd) Ancfok "0558/* Nt tbk cmjffukjck ml twm rovkrs1 Gusiogs njh Bojhus ojSmutb Ojhon* Jkw Hkibo1 Gnjmbnr*
@nccbkttn) Unmin "0558/* Dkjhkr oj tbk Bojhu jntomj1 PSS wmgkj ns ohkmimduks*Jkw Hkibo1 Tmgkj [jiogotkh*
@niinrh) Pmdkr "0555/* Unjtb) fosgkt) hbnrg tk qnug1 Cmjtojuoty njh cbnjdkoj lmur hogkjsomjs ml Uujan`o rkiodomj* Oj Urotng Sojdb) , Sbojhkr S*Xbnjho "Khs*/) Uujan`o ohkjtoty oj n dim`ni cmjtkxt"pp* 434/* Jkw Hkibo1Mxlmrh [jovkrsoty Urkss*
Hnvos) Jntniok ">?20/* Lrmg pmpuinr rkiodomj tm rkiodomus cuiturk* Oj StkvkjMzgkjt "Kh*/) Pklmrgntomj Kurmpk1 N duohk tm rksknrcb "pp* 30>38>/* St*Imuos1 Ckjtkr lmr Pklmrgntomj Pksknrcb*
Kntmj) Pocbnrh "0555/* Xbk pmiotocni njh Pkiodomus Nutbmroty ml tbk Sbrojk ml@n`nLnroh) oj Pocbnrh Kntmj*Kssnys oj Osing njhOjhonjBostmr* JkwHkibo1
Mxlmrh [jovkrsoty Urkss*Kidmmh) Bkntbkr "0558/* Kxpimrojd tbk rmmts ml voiindk Bojhuosg oj SmutbNson* Tmrih Nrcbnkmimdy) 3??4/* Nrduojd snojtbmmh1 Osing) gmhkrjoty njh psycbm'njniysos* Hurbng) Jmrtb Cnrmiojn1 Hufk [jovkrsoty Urkss*
Lotzdkrnih) Xogmtby ">??4/* N crotoquk ml rkiodomj ns n crmss'cuiturni cntkdmry*Gktbmh njh Xbkmry oj tbk Stuhy ml Pkiodomj) ?"0/) ?>>>5*
Lrkg`dkj) Aukrdkj "055??4/* Pksostojd rkdogks1 Gytb) gkgmry njh tbk sbnpojd ml n
Gusiog ohkjtoty* Jkw Hkibo1 Mxlmrh [jovkrsoty Urkss*Gor) Lnrojn "055??8/* Iostkj tm tbk Bkrmj$s TMrhs1 Pkogndojojddkjhkr njh fojsbop oj Jmrtb Ojhon* @krfkiky) Cniolmrjon1 [jovkrsoty mlCniolmrjon Urkss*
Pknhkr) Onj) , Xnjn`k) Dkmrdk ">??2/* Urnctocniiy rkiodomus1 Tmrihiy `kjktsnjh tbk cmggmj rkiodomj ml Anpnj* Bmjmiuiu1 [jovkrsoty ml Bnwnoo Urkss*
Scboggki) Njjkgnrok ">?4;/* Gystocni hogkjsomjs ml Osing* Cbnpki Boii1
[jovkrsoty ml Cnrmiojn Urkss*Scboggki) Njjkgnrok "055>/* Ns tbrmudb n vkoi1 Gystocni pmktry oj Osing* Jkw_mrf1 Cmiug`on [jovkrsoty Urkss*
Scro`jkr) Pm`krt ">?28/* Potuni njh pmpuinr rkiodomj oj Cntbmioc Dkrgnjy nttbk togk ml tbk Pklmrgntomj* Amurjni ml Kcciksonstocni Bostmry) 3;) 8444*
Sbnrgn) [rsuin "055;/* Hmwry oj Jmrtb Ojhon1 Ots cmjskqukjcks lmr wmgkj* Oj S*@nsu "Kh*/) Hmwry njh ojbkrotnjck "pp*