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w]DF JFS] HG
Phwfr thha
Nft ehrf grh •Zhutfrs •]ljafsl •Jlomsl •Bhkotfrs
Sdlrpfo yhur si
$4.;;/Clolml $;.;;
L ]luotho Pujakcltkho
www.gkofwhhmwhrikon.che
Glst lom flsy mhvft <7 fssfotkla
sdhpelmf bkn Crfltf uokquf
ehamkons
jlskcs
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N= Chvfr pdhth2 Ml
:= ]ljafslw
]df jfst wlysth fqukp lom whri wktdtdf ehst mlonfrhuselcdkof ko tdf sdhp
J [ N L Z [ E . I L ] R
30 JlomslwGkvf oh-dlssaf tkps nulrlotffsehhtd, strlkndt cutsho loy jlomslw
J [ E K C D L F A G H Z ] V O F
37 Mrkaa Prfss ]df rkndt jkts, bkns, lom
tfcdokqufs lmm vfrsltkakty
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
=: Bhkotfr Vsf tdks sdhp elkostly
th elif strlkndt, galtjhlrms, paus tlpfrslom rhuomhvfrs, thh
J [ B . S P F F ] B F O S
=4 Mhvftlka Bkns Dhw th crfltf
l chepafx bhkottdf flsy wly
J [ L O K S S L I L P S L A F S
w]DF JFS] HG
jlskcsPhwfr thha
chotfots
4= JLOMSL^BKNS
EHZF GZHE [HVZ thhas 6: Ehrtksfr Skepaf tkps ghr sftup,
sdlrpfokon, lom cuttkonelif tdf thha l bhy th us
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
67 Scrhaaslw Kt dls ehrf usfs
tdlo yhu ekndt tdkoi
J [ P L V A S C D Ñ Z C D
JF]]FZ tfcdokqu70 Mlmhfs, Nrhhvfs
lom Zljjfts ]df dlomkfst bhkots
lrf tdf flskfst th elif
J [ L S L C D Z K S ] K L O L
77 Ehrtksf-lom-]fohBhkots
Vsf tdf rhutfr, tljafslw,lom l chupaf hg bknsth elif tdfe ghhaprhhg
J [ B F G G E K A A F Z
>0 Zlksfm Plofas Dhw th lcdkfvf nrflt rfs
lt tdf rhutfr tljafhr tdf tljafslw
J [ E L ] ] D F ^ ] F L N V F
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www.g kofwhhmwhr i kon. che
Gkof^hhmwhrikon.
Pp
4= Jlomslw Bkns Dhw th elif prfcksf tlpfrs,
ckrcafs, wfmnfs, lom curvfs
J [ E K C D L F A G H Z ] V O F
;0 Gfltdfrjhlrms
]dfsf fxtrl dlomselif cuts slgfr, caflofr,lom ehrf lccurltf
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
;= Safm ]uros Palofrkoth l Bhkotfr
Nft l galt glcfho wkmf auejfr
J [ I F K ] D Z V S ]
>: VOK\VFEHAMKONS
P H ^ F Z ] H H A J L S K C S : 0 0 >
37 MZKAAPZFSS
:= ]LJAFSL^
7 Fmkthr‛s Afttfr
4 \ukci ]kps
<7 Sftups■ ]uof-up ikt ghr elcdkofs
■ ]fst cuts fakekoltf frrhrs
■ ]lekon tljafslw tflrhut
;4 Bkns & Gkxturfs■ Sdhpelmf pusd stkcis lr
cdflp wly th stly slgf■ Sdhpelmf crhsscut safm
<07 \&L■ Ehamkon curvfm plofas
wktd rhutfr jkts
■ Iffp l squlrf fmnf wdkaf
cuttkon wktd l bknslw
<<0 Sdhp SlgftyZuaf Hof2 Lvhkm elbhr kobur
<<: Guomlefotlas
[hur thhas ely jf tfaakon yhsheftdkon‛s wrhon
mfplrtefo>: Vokquf Ehamkons ]df sfcrft ks chejkokon
euatkpaf rhutfr prhgkafsko l stlci hg pkfcfs
J [ L A L O C D L Z O F [
>7 Zhutfr ]fepaltfs ]dfsf nukmfs aft yhu
crfltf fafnlot curvfslom gurokturf plrts
J [ M H V N P F ] F Z E L O
40 Zhutfr Bkns Nft eucd ehrf
grhe yhur rhutfr wktdflsy-th-elif lccfsshrkfs
J [ [ F V O N C D L O
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N4
Ho ehst tljafslws, cuttkon l =x4 sdfft hg paywhhm ks, lt jfst,
l mkcfy prhphsktkho. ]df sdfft ks dflvy, tdf rkp gfocf ks thh
sdhrt, lom, lt tdf jfnkookon hg tdf cut, ehst hg tdf sdfft dlons
uosupphrtfm ko grhot hg tdf slw.
Ls l shautkho, K lmmfm l rkp-gfocf fxtfoskho th ey tljafslw. Kt dfaps
supphrt tdf rkndt skmf hg tdf paywhhm wdfo kt‛s hvfrdlonkon tdf grhot hg
tdf slw tljaf.
]df fxtfoskho dls bust tdrff plrts2 lo luxkaklry gfocf, l afmnf, lom l
calepkon jahci. ]df luxkaklry gfocf sfrvfs ls l sujstktutf ghr tdf rkp gfocf,
fxtfomkon ghrwlrm th prhvkmf l ahonfr, ehrf phsktkvf rfgfrfocf ghr tdf
rkndt fmnf hg tdf paywhhm. ]df afmnf prhvkmfs vfrtkcla supphrt ghr tdf
hvfrdlonkon paywhhm. Lom tdf calepkon jahci prhvkmfs l eflos th calep
tdf fxtfoskho sfcurfay th tdf rkp gfocf.
^dfo cuttkon tdf luxkaklry gfocf, elif surf kts twh fmnfs lrf strlkndt
lom plrlaafa. ]df calepkon jahci lom afmnf lttlcd th tdf luxkaklry gfocf
wktd nauf lom l gfw scrfws. ]h usf kt, calep tdf luxkaklry gfocf tkndtay th
tdf rkp gfocf. Fstljaksd tdf cut wkmtd jy eflsurkon tdf mkstlocf grhe tdf
jalmf th tdf fmnf hg tdf luxkaklry gfocf, lom ahci tdf rkp gfocf ko palcf.
Palcf tdf grhot hg tdf paywhhm ho tdf slw tljaf, lom iffp tdf rkndt-dlom
fmnf hg tdf paywhhm lnlkost tdf luxkaklry gfocf murkon tdf cut.
” P D K A K P L . D H V C I , Jhstho, Elss.
FM K]FM LOM MZL^O J[ B KE Z KCDF[ qukci tkps
Luxkaklry gfocf
Afmnf
Zkp gfocf
Calepkon
jahci C-calep
]ljafslw gfocf fxtfoskho
supphrts l guaa sdffthg paywhhm
Ss
DF L V O HO P Z FSS
Jhhis2 Elriftkon2 Efakssl L. Phsskci, Lumrfy
Ahchrhthomh.Pujakckty2 Okchaf Slavlthrf, Blofa O
Fmkthrkla2 Dfafo Lajfrt, Iltdryo Jfohkt, Pftfr C
Stfvf Cuapfppfr, Plefal Dhfokn, Clrhayo Elom
Okchaf Plaefr, Bfookgfr Pftfrs, Ley Zfkaay, Bfookg
Frkcl Slomfrs-Ghfnf, Iltdaffo kaakles. Lrt2 Cd
]hepsho, Laksho kaifs, Olocy Jhumrflu, Le
Slomrl Eldastfmt, fomk Ekbla, Ayoof Pdkaakps, C
Skonfr. Elouglcturkon2 ]hels Nrfch, Alurl Jur
Juskofss Hfficf2 Dhaay Sektd, Nlyaf Dleehom
Elrkok. Afnla2 Clrhayo Ihvlafsik. Elnlzkof Prko
Prhmuctkho2Pdkakp Wlo Ikri, Okchaf Lolstls, Bfoo
Ilczelrcyi.
Ckrcualtkho2 Mlvkm Phom, Lomrfw Chrsho, Cltd
Dlosfo.
Mkstrkjutkho2 Plua Sfkpham, latfr Lphotf, Grlo
Mlvkm Mfhth, Afloof Gurahon, Mfjhrld Nrffof
Efajhurof, Zfkolamh Ehrfoh, Zlyehom Plsslrh
Zhjkosho, Lakcf Slxtho, Ofasho ^lmf.
Gkolocf/Lcchuotkon2 Gkolocf2 Jrftt Elookon.
Lcchuotkon2 Pltrkci Alehotlnof, Aymkl Irkihrklo
H‛hhaf, Sdlooho Elrrs, Falkof [leko, Clrha M
Mhrhtdy Jalsih, Suslo Jurif, Ahrrlkof Plrshos,
Zkcf, Blefs wffmaf, Prksckaal Bfookons.
Guaaaefot2 Mklof Nhualrt. Guaaaefot Systfes2 Iafko, Ike Flms, Olocy Iohrr, ]hels Iuzfjsi
Custhefr Sfrvkcf2 Faafo Nrlssk, Iltdaffo Jlifr, Jh
Jflrmsafy, Mfjhrld Ckcckh, Iltdfrkof Calrif, Lag
Mrfdfr, Ehokcl Mudlocki, Fkaffo EcOuaty, Pltr
Plris, Mflol Plrifr, Pltrkckl Pkoflu, Jftty Stfpo
Fotry2 Efakssl Munlo, Loof Cdlepako, Elry Lo
Clryof-Ayoof Mlvks, Elurffo Pfilr, Mfjrl Sfo
Lomrfl Sdhrrhci, Elryahu ]hepsho, Jlrjlrl ^
Duelo Zfshurcfs2 Akoml Jlaafrkok, Cdrkstkof Ak
Mlwo Vssfry.
K O M F P F O M F O P V J A K S D F Z S S K O C
LVOHO, KOC.
Ghuomfrs, Plua lom Blo Zhelo
DF LVOHO PZFSS
Prfskmfot Suzloof Zhe
Fxfcutkvf Wkcf Prfskmfot & Cdkfg Gkolockla Hfficfr kehtdy Zld
Fxfcutkvf Wkcf Prfskmfot & Pujaksdfr, Elnlzkof Nrhup Bho Ekaafr
Pujaksdfr, Jhhi Nrhup Blefs Cdkams
Cdkfg hg Hpfrltkhos ]hels Auxf
MKZFCHZS
Crfltkvf & Fmkthrkla Mkrfcthr Suslo Fmfae
Duelo Zfshurcfs Mkrfcthr Clrha Elrhtt
]fcdohahny Sfrvkcfs Mkrfcthr Bly Dlrtafy
Chotrhaafr lyof Zfyoh
Lmvfrtkskon Mkrfcthr Mlvkm Nrly
Guaaaefot Mkrfcthr Pltrkckl kaak
Gkolockla Lolaysks Mkrfcthr Iltdy ^hrtd
Ckrcualtkho Mkrfcthr Mfooks H‛Jr
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<0
]dks uochepakcltfm rhutfr tljaf ks lt tdf htdfr fom hg tdf sclafgrhe tdhsf uatkeltf rhutfr tljafs rfpaftf wktd jfaas lom wdkstafs.
Kt ks bust l rhutfr ehuotfm upskmf mhwo ho l pkfcf hg paywhhm.
]df skepakckty hg tdf mfskno elifs kt glr ehrf gafxkjaf tdlo ehst
rhutfr tljafs. [hu clo jukam kt ko ljhut :0 ekoutfs lom lmm l
skepaf gfocf ko lohtdfr <0. Lmmktkhola gfocfs lrf elmf flskay ghr
spfckla purphsfs.
]h elif tdf tljaf, stlrt wktd l pkfcf hg 3 ⁍ =-ko.-tdkci paywhhm
ljhut : gt. jy 3 gt. Cut l dhaf ko tdf cfotfr hg tdf tljaf. Elif
lom kostlaa l palstkc kosfrt th gkt lrhuom tdf jkt. Elif lmmktkhola
kosfrts ls offmfm th prhvkmf l cahsf gkt lrhuom htdfr jkts ko yhur
chaafctkho. Lash, th prfvfot tdf kosfrt grhe akgtkon wdfo tdf rhutfr
qukci tkps chotkoufm
ruos, scrfw tdf kosfrt th tdf tljaf. Lttlcd tdf rhutfr th tdf tjy ruookon elcdkof scrfws tdrhund tdf rfcfss ghr tdf kosfr
]df gfocf ks skepay l <x= tdlt pkvhts ho hof fom lom ks
calepfm ho tdf htdfr. L selaa ehvfefot lt tdf calep fom
prhvkmfs vfry cahsf lom prfcksf ehvfefot lt tdf jkt, laahw
lmbustefot ko tdf tdhuslomtds hg lo kocd. ^dfo tdf stlomlr
gfocf mhfs oht gkt tdf lppakcltkho, K bust elif l ofw gfocf.
l tlaa gfocf ghr elikon ahci ektfrs lom elikon rlksfm plofa
]h usf tdf tljaf, skepay calep kt th yhur whrijfocd wkt
whhmfo dlom scrfws. dfo yhu‛rf mhof, bust uocalep td
wdhaf gkxturf lom sthrf kt hut hg tdf wly th slvf splcf.
”MHVN S]H^ F, Furfil Sprko
Zhutfr ehuots t
tdf tljaf jhtthewktd elcdkof scJhat
]ljaf
Palstkc kosfrt,scrfwfm th tljaf
]laa gfocf
Gfocf-pkvht
iohj
Strlkndt gfocf
C-c
Zfcfss
palstkc k
^hrijfocd
Strlkndt gfocf
C-calep
Dlom-scrfw caleps lttlcdtljaf th tdf jfocd.
Gfocf-pkvht iohj
]ljaf
Ekokelakst rhutfr tljaf
Ohtf mlmh sftup lt
jhtthe hg flcd mlmh.
Skzkon jhlrmMlmh-skzkon jhlrm
L ‑skzkon jhlrm― elifs kt flsy th
rfefejfr ey stlcifm-mlmh sftup
ghr l nkvfo cut. Fvfry tkef K cut l
mlmh tdlt dls l wkmtd K‛vf oht usfm
jfghrf, K tlif l ekoutf th cut tdf
slef mlmh ko ey skzkon jhlrm. ]dfo,
lt tdf jhtthe hg tdf mlmh, K ohtf tdf
lrrlonfefot hg cuttfrs lom splcfrs.
]df ofxt tkef K offm th cut tdf slef
wkmtd, laa hg tdf pfrtkofot koghreltkho
ks tdfrf ghr tdf tlikon.
” ^ K A A J Z L V O , Alchejf, Latl.,
Clolml
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<=
qukci tkps chotkoufm
Skepaf sthp jlcis up rkp gfocf
Grustrltfm jy ey chotrlcthr-ehmfa
tljafslw‛s rkp gfocf mfgafctkon uomfr
prfssurf, K mfvksfm lo fchohekcla, glst,
lom ghhaprhhg shautkho. Gkrst, K
mrkaafm l 3 ⁍ 4-ko. dhaf tdrhund
tdf efmkue-mfoskty
gkjfrjhlrm (EMG) skmf
tljaf lom kosfrtfm l ]-out grhe
uomfrofltd. Kg yhur skmf tljaf ks clst
krho, yhu clo bust mrkaa koth tdf tljaf lom
tlp tdf dhaf. K tdfo elmf lo fahonltfm
sakt ko l pkfcf hg dlrmwhhm : ko. wkmf jy
:> ko. ahon. L pkfcf hg 6 ⁍ <7-ko. tdrflmfm
rhm, l gkxturf iohj, lom l gfomfr wlsdfr
chepaftf tdf mfvkcf. ]df afontd hg tdf
sthp ks lrjktrlry, jut K mfckmfm ho :> ko.
sh tdlt tdf gfocf clo jf lmbustfm grhe
zfrh th := ko. Ghr afss tdlo $3, tdf sthp wkaa whri ho loy tljafslw wktd l skmf
tljaf. ^dfo kt ks oht offmfm, K bust swkon
kt lwly hr rfehvf kt.
”JHJ NALSCHCI, Zhnuf Zkv fr , Hr f.
Zkp-gfocfmfgafctkho sthp
Ahcikon
Flsy-th-elif zfrh-caflrlocf kosfrt
L zfrh-caflrlocf kosfrt ho l tljafslw dfaps prfvfot tf
chogkofs shef hg tdf slwmust, lom elifs whri slgfr
prfvfotkon selaa cuthggs grhe jfchekon bleefm jftwtdf jalmf lom tdf kosfrt. ]df prhjafe ks tdlt ehst glct
kosfrts gkt tdf hpfokon ko tdf tljaf prftty wfaa, jut dlv
sahppy jalmf hpfokon.
Eloy whhmwhrifrs elif hr juy zfrh-
caflrlocf kosfrt jalois, jut K dlvf
mfvksfm lo flskfr eftdhm. K gkx l pkf
hg cheeho plcikon tlpf hvfr tdf
hg tdf jalmf hpfokon ko tdf sthci c
kosfrt. Put tdf tlpf ho sehhtday lo
elif surf tdf kosfrt ks caflo lom ko n
sdlpf. ]uro tdf kosfrt hvfr lom phur shef
fphxy hr Jhomh ko tdf wfjjkon hg tdf clst kosfrt. Sf
lskmf ho l mflm-galt surglcf, lom wlkt ghr tdf fphxy tjfghrf yhu pffa hgg tdf tlpf.
Zfpalcf tdf kosfrt ko tdf slw wktd tdf jalmf ahwfrf
stlrt tdf slw lom, wktd l jahci hg whhm calepfm hvf
kosfrt th dham kt ko palcf, rlksf tdf jalmf th cut yhur o
zfrh-caflrlocf saht. ]df elbhr lmvlotlnf dfrf ks tdlt
nft th iffp tdf afvfakon scrfws lom tdf akttaf okj tdlt
tdf jlci hg tdf kosfrt grhe gakppkon up.
”IFK]D PZKCF, Clepjfa a Zkv fr , J.C. ,
Gkaa clvkty wktd fphxy
hr luth-jhmy gkaafr.
Rfrh-caflrlocfkosfrt
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P H ^ F Z ] H H A J L S K C S : 0 0 > www.gk ofwhhmwhr i kon. che
Zlka fxtfoms3 ⁍ 4 ko. ljhvf
tljaf.
Lmbustefot
scrfw
Jhat iffps tdf rlkagrhe sakmkon thwlrm
tdf jlci hg tdf slw.
Dham-mhwo
]-trlci
Nrhhvf sakmfsho tdf rlka ko tdf
ektfr-nlunf saht.
Zhund-cutwhripkfcf
Lo lmmktkhola
]-trlci clo jfphsktkhofm th cut
wkmfr auejfr.
Ektfr saht
Safm
Crfltkon l strlkndt fmnf ho l pkfcf hg rhund auejfr
]dks bkn ks nrflt ghr crfltkon l strlkndt fmnf ho l rhund pkfcf hg
auejfr. ]df elko plrt hg tdf bkn ks l <x4 pkof safm l gfw kocdfs
ahonfr tdlo 4 gt. ]df safm sakmfs ho lo hli rlka tdlt ahcis koth tdf
ektfr saht ho l tljafslw. Chuotfrsuoi scrfws ko tdf skmf hg tdf rlka
clo jf lmbustfm ko hr hut th fosurf l soun gkt ko tdf ektfr-nlunf
trlci. L nrhhvf cut lahon tdf guaa afontd hg tdf uomfrskmf hg tdfsafm laahws kt th sakmf ho tdf rlka. Ho thp hg tdf safm K kostlaafm
twh =-gt. sfctkhos hg ]-trlci (lvlkaljaf lt ehst rftlka hr elka-hrmfr
whhmwhrikon hutgkts) lom l plkr hg dham-mhwos wktd ]-jhats.
”PLVA CHEK BZ. , Slo Nljrkfa, Clakg.
MHEKOH• Sff MfehostrltkhoWkmfhs @www.ecgffays.che/mhekoh
• Elifs ahhsf-tfoho bhkots \ukciaylom Lccurltfay
• MHEKOH tfohos dlvf ehrfnaukon lrfl tdloJkscukts hr Mhwfas
• Clrjkmf-tkppfmjkt cuts cafloaylom qukciay
• Prhvkmfs phsktkvflaknoefot lom
bhkot strfontd
PH Jhx <<<7; • Mfpt G^^DC^ • Ayocdjurn • WL • :=]haa Grff <-400-==3->;3> hr lt www.ecgffays.che
Lvlkaljaf ko tdrff whri-rflmyskzfs TA, AC, TTA-G
Wfrtkcla]hha Sthrlnf
nkvfs prhgfsskholas
tdf shautkho th iffp
dlom thhas hrnlokzfm
lom lccfsskjaf.
4 > >. 4 = >. < = = 3 ^ ^ ^ . W F ] H P Z H P L C . C H E
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<7 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N
]uof-up ikt ghr elcdkofs
]DZFF JLSKC ]HHAS NF] [HV S]LZ]FM
J [ N L Z [ Z H N H ^ S I K
K
g yhur whhmwhrikon
elcdkofry lrrkvfs
offmkon hoay thjf uoplcifm lom
paunnfm ko, K sunnfst
yhu juy ahttfry
tkcifts tdlt mly. Kt‛s l auciy hof. hhmwhrikon elcdkofs lawlys offm
tuokon hr twflikon jfghrf tdfy rflaay
purr. ^dkcd thhas mh yhu offm th sfttdfe up prhpfray lom th cdfci tdfe
pfrkhmkclaay sh tdfy iffp ruookon
sehhtday8 Ghrtuoltfay, tdf akst ks sdhrt.Shef ekndt jf ko yhur sdhp larflmy2 l
nhhm strlkndtfmnf, l chejkoltkho squlrf,
lom l pauonf-styaf mkla komkclthr. ktdtdfsf jlskc thhas paus l sft hg gffafr
nlunfs, yhu clo nh l ahon wly thwlrm
elikon yhur elcdkofs ruo truf lom yhur
whhmwhrikon lccurltf.
L strlkndtfmnf ks tdf ghuomltkhoKo tdf whhmsdhp, galt surglcfs lrf prkcf-afss. Ho tdfe, yhu clo ekaa auejfr truf,
bhkot lo fmnf squlrf, lom cdfci pkfcfs
ghr twkst lgtfr lssfejay. Jut dhw galt ksgalt8 Lom dhw mh yhu cdfci8
[hu clo‛t usf l pkfcf hg whhm th cdfci
ghr galtofss uoafss yhu lrf surf kt‛s galt.Kostflm, juy l nhhm strlkndtfmnf wktd l
nulrlotffm thafrlocf hg 0.00: ko. hvfr
:= ko. ]dks ks ehrf tdlo lmfqultf ghr sft-
tkon up tljafslw tljafs lom cdfcikon tdfgaltofss hg bhkotfr tljafs lom htdfr clst-
krho hr stffa surglcfs. L :=-ko. strlkndt-
fmnf wkaa efft ehst offms, jut ghrahonfr bhkotfr tljafs hr htdfr fspfcklaay
alrnf surglcfs, yhu‛aa jf jfttfr sfrvfm kg
yhu clo kovfst ko l 37-ko. strlkndtfmnf.Vsf tdf strlkndtfmnf ho tdf tljafslw
th sff tdlt yhur fxtfoskho tljafs lom
Bhkotfr tljafs sdhuam jf mflm galt.
Eflsurf loy nlps wktd l gffafr nlunf.
vlrkltkho hg ehrf tdlo 0.00: ko. ho l o
elcdkof ks rflsho th lsi tdf sfaafr ghr
rfpalcfefot. ]ljafs ho hamfr elcdkofs
jf rfnrhuom kg ofcfsslry.
Afvfa tdf tljaf lom wkons. L tljafslw‛s jhat-ho fxtfoskho wkon ely offm lmbustefot hr
sdkeekon th jrkon kts surglcf afvfa wktd tdf rfst hg tdf tljaf. Aly l strlkndtfmnf lcrhss tdf
buoctkho hg tdf tljaf lom wkon lom ahhi ghr tfaatlaf nlps uomfrofltd.
Cdfci ghrgaltofss wktd lstrlkndtfmnf
S]ZL
sftups
Pdhths2 S
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tdf elko tljaf ghre l chotkouhusay galt
surglcf. Fmnfs tdlt lppflr gausd wdfrf
tdfy efft lrf oht fohund.Stlom tdf strlkndtfmnf ho kts olrrhw
fmnf lom ahhi ghr nlps jftwffo tdf
fmnf lom tdf surglcf yhu‛rf cdfci-kon. Cdfci lcrhss tdf tljaf‛s wkmtd lom
afontd, tdfo cdfci tdf mklnholas. Efl-
surf loy nlps uomfrofltd tdf strlkndt-
fmnf wktd tdf gffafr nlunfs. Lccfptljaf thafrlocf ghr l tljafslw
eflsurkon :4 ko. jy 37 ko. ks 0.004 ko. th
0.00; ko. [hu ekndt offm th kosfrt sdkesjftwffo tdf wkon lom tdf tljaf th fo-
surf l chepaftfay galt thp.
Lash cdfci yhur tljafslw gfocf. ]dfpkfcf hg chephsktf eltfrkla jhatfm hoth
tdf gfocf ks oht lawlys pfrgfct, jut yhu
clo sdke kt th elif kt galt.
]df bhkotfr dls tdrff elbhr clst-krhosurglcfs2 tdf kogffm lom hutgffm tljafs
lom tdf gfocf. L bhkotfr tljaf sdhuam jf
mflm galt wktdko 0.00< ko. th 0.00: ko.hvfr loy hg kts afontds. [hu clo rfturo l
ofw elcdkof th tdf sfaafr kg tdf surglcfs
lrf sfrkhusay hut hg galt hr ekslaknofm.Ho lo hamfr elcdkof, l elcdkof sdhp
ekndt rfnrkom tdf surglcfs ghr yhu.
Cdfci tdf gfocf. Vsf tdf chejkoltkho
squlrf th fosurf tdlt l bhkotfr‛s gfocf
ks sft lt ;0² th tdf tljafs. Elif skekalr
cdfcis ho tdf tljafslw lom jlomslw.
Lmbust tdf ektfr saht. ]df chejkoltkho squlrf lash clo dfap cdfci wdftdfr l
slw‛s ektfr saht ks plrlaafa th tdf jalmf. Elri l thhtd lt tdf grhot hg tdf jalmf l
eflsurf tdf mkstlocf grhe tdf jalmf th tdf saht. Ofxt, rhtltf tdf elrifm thhtd
jlci hg tdf jalmf hpfokon lom eflsurf lnlko. Kg tdf rflmkons lrf mkggfrfot, yhu
th lmbust yhur slw‛s tljafthp hr truookhos th jrkon tdf saht plrlaafa wktd tdf jalm
Iffp elcdkofsko akof wktd lchejh squlrf
Ho l jfat-mrkvfo elcdkof, tdf pu
afys lttlcdfm th tdf ehthr lom tdf
sdhuam akof up wktd hof lohtdfr kopalof th ekokekzf jflrkon lom jfat
Vsf l strlkndtfmnf th cdfci jy alyk
olrrhw fmnf lcrhss jhtd puaafys.
Chejkoltkho squlrf ksl vfrsltkaf sftup thha
Bust ls kephrtlot ls cdfcikon galt suglcfs ks elikon surf tdlt twh elcd
surglcfs efft up squlrfay.
[hu mho‛t offm l spfcklakzfm elckst‛s squlrf. Kg yhu usf l chejkoltkh
squlrf ghr bhkofry alyhut, kt wkaa wh
ks truay squlrf. Dfrf‛s l skepaf tfstDham tdf squlrf up th l galt fmnf
elri l akof. ]dfo gakp tdf squlrf hv
lom sff kg yhur elri lnlko akofs up
gfctay wktd tdf jalmf hg tdf squlrf. vlrkltkho eflos kt‛s hut hg squlrf.
Vsf tdf squlrf th cdfci tdf bhkotf
gfocf. Kt clo jf lmbustfm lom tdfo akoth palcf. L tljafslw gfocf wkaa of
lmbustkon hr sdkeekon kg kt‛s oht squ
th tdf tljaf. L whrm hg wlrokon2 Skecdfcikon wktd tdf squlrf kso‛t lawl
fohund. Squlrkon l jalmf th l tljaf
S\VLZF
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<4
sftups chotkoufm
ho l jlomslw, cdhpslw, hr tljafslw
wkaa eflo elikon prlctkcf cuts lom
cdfcikon tdhsf. L chejkoltkho squlrf lash ks dlomy
ghr laknokon l tljafslw‛s ektfr-nlunf saht
plrlaafa wktd kts jalmf. ]dks ks cruckla ghrslgf hpfrltkho lom squlrf crhsscuts. ^ktd
tdf elcdkof uopaunnfm, dham tdf dflm
hg yhur chejkoltkho squlrf lnlkost tdf
nlunf saht lom cdfci tdf mkstlocf th tdfjalmf lt l skonaf elrifm thhtd, rhtltfm
th tdf grhot lom tdfo th tdf rflr hg tdf
tdrhlt paltf. [hu clo lmbust laa cljkoftlom chotrlcthr-styaf slws th ehvf tdf
tljaf koth plrlaafa wktd tdf jalmf.
L mkla komkclthr eflsurfs ruohutZuohut ks l eflsurf hg dhw truf l rhtlt-
kon surglcf spkos. Kg l surglcf whjjafs hr
hsckaaltfs, tdfo tdks ruohut wkaa jf elnok-gkfm ls yhu ehvf lwly grhe tdf cfotfr
hg rhtltkho. Ho l tljafslw, kg tdf lrjhr ks
whjjakon, tdfo tdf fom hg kts <0-ko. jalmf wkaa jf rhcikon lom rhaakon. ]dks trlos-
altfs koth rhund, kolccurltf, hr mlonfrhus
cuts. ]df ehvfefot lash wflrs ho tdfjflrkons, sdhrtfokon tdfkr akgf.
L mkla komkclthr eflsurfs ehvfefotsucd ls ruohut wktd lo lre ehuotfm
koth l mkla tdlt usulaay rflms 0.00<-ko.
kocrfefots. ]df komkclthr ktsfag eust jfdfam ko palcf9 tdf jfst wly ks th usf l
elnoftkc jlsf th ahci kt koth phsktkho.
]dfo, ho tdf tljafslw wktd tdf jalmf
lom tdrhlt paltf rfehvfm, yhu clo cdfcitdf prfssfm-ho lrjhr galonf ghr ruohut.
Sft tdf elnoftkc jlsf ho tdf tljafthp
oflr tdf tdrhlt hpfokon lom tkat tdf lrjhrth =6°. Lonaf tdf mkla‛s pauonfr th efft
tdf surglcf hg tdf lrjhr galonf. ]uro tdf
lrjhr jy dlom th sff wdftdfr tdf nlunfrfnkstfrs loy vlrkltkho ko tdf galonf sur-
glcf. L tljafslw lrjhr sdhuam dlvf
ruohut, jut 0.00< ko. hg ruohut who
eflo yhu dlvf th trlsd yhur slw. Lehrf, tdhund, lom K‛m sfom l ofw s
jlci th tdf glcthry hr nft l rfpalcfe
lrjhr. Ho l usfm slw, K whuam rfehtdf lrjhr lom dlvf kt elcdkofm truf
L mrkaa-prfss cduci lash sdhuam dl
oflray zfrh ruohut. Sft tdf elnoftk
ho yhur mrkaa-prfss tljaf lom lakno tmkla pauonfr th thucd l mrkaa jkt hr l
hg strlkndt uotdrflmfm rhm ehuotfm
ko tdf cduci. ]uro tdf cduci jy rhkon tdf mrkvf-jfat puaafys lom wltcd
vlrkltkhos rfnkstfrfm jy tdf mkla. Lc
ljaf thafrlocf ks 0.00< ko. hr afss. Chut tdf tlpfr tdlt dhams tdf cduci.
mhfso‛t rfmucf ruohut, yhu ely of
rfpalcf tdf cduci.
[hu lash clo usf l mkla komkclthr cdfci wdftdfr yhur bhkotfr iokvfs l
sft th tdf slef dfkndt. Sft tdf jlsf
tdf bhkotfr tljaf wktd tdf pauonfr rktdf thps hg tdf iokvfs ls yhu rhtltf
cuttfrdflm jy dlom. Ohtf lom lmbus
loy vlrkltkhos ko tdf elxkeue dfkntdf jalmfs.
Shurcfs hg Suppay
WF ZK ]L S S] FF A := -K O. S] ZL KN D] FM NF
$=39 www.affvlaafy.che
ELNOF]KC JLSF MKLA KOMKCL]HZ
$369 www.dkndalomwhhmwhrikon.che
S]LZZF]] <:-KO.
CHEJKOL]KHO S\VLZF
$749 www.dhefmfpht.che
Cdfci ghr ruohut. Vsf l mkla komkclthr th
cdfci tdf tljafslw‛s lrjhr galonf. Loy vlrkl-
tkhos ko tdf galtofss hg tdf pkfcf clo clusf
jalmf whjjaf, wdkcd aflms th rhundfr cuts.
Jalmfs sdhuam jf uokghre. ]df mkla komkclthr lash dfaps cdfci wdftdfr bhkotfr iokvfs lrf
tdf slef dfkndt lom lrf fvfo wktd tdf hutgffm tljaf.
Cdfci ruohut lomjalmf dfkndt wktdl mkla komkclthr
SEHH]D
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L vfry rfakljaf wly th cdfci l tljafslw jalmf ghr lo lccurltf ;0° lonaf ks th cut twh tfst
strkps lom tdfo cdfci tdf squlrfofss hg tdf cut jy palckon tdfe fom th fom.
Zlksf tdf jalmf th elxkeue dfkndt. Vsf twh strkps hg sdfft nhhms (K prfgfr EMG hr
< ⁍ :-ko.-tdkci efalekof) tdlt lrf sakndtay olrrhwfr tdlo tdf dfkndt hg tdf jalmf lom <4 ko. th
:0 ko. ahon. Dham tdf twh strkps thnftdfr ho fmnf lom trke hof fom hg tdfe uskon l ektfr
nlunf. Hpfo tdf twh strkps ko l jhhi-eltcd (akif hpfokon l jhhi) lom palcf tdfe ho l
iohwo galt surglcf. Loy mfvkltkho grhe ;0° wkaa sdhw up ls l tlpfrfm nlp jftwffo tdf
foms ls tdfy thucd. Hocf tdf jalmf dls jffo lmbustfm th ;0°, tdf ;0° sthp clo jf sft
lom ahcifm ko palcf. Aly tdf slef twh strkps galt, trke tdf foms, lom eltf tdfe lnlko th
cdfci tdf ;0° sthp ho tdf ektfr nlunf. Kg tdf ektfr nlunf ks sft lt fxlctay ;0°, tdfrf wkaa
jf oh nlp jftwffo tdf foms hg tdf tfst strkps ls tdfy efft.
L tfst cut ks ehrf rfvflakon. Vsf
twh pkfcfs hg auejfr hr efmkue-mfoskty
gkjfrjhlrm (EMG). Stlom tdf pkfcfs ho
fmnf lom cut tdfe ko tdf slef plss.
L skekalr tfst ghr crhsscuts.
Aly tdf jhlrms galt th cdfci tdf
;0° sthp ho tdf ektfr nlunf.
Stlrt wktd l squlrf. Lo lccurltf squlrf clo dfap sft tdf
slwjalmf lt l ;0° lonaf. Iffp ko ekom, dhwfvfr, tdlt vfry
selaa frrhrs clo jf dlrm th sff wktd l squlrf lahof.
Jukamkon gurokturf hr htdfr prhbfcts wktd strhon, squlrf-gkttkon bhkots
rfqukrfs whhmwhrikon elcdkofs tdlt lrf sft up th elif lccurltf
;0° cuts. Cdfcikon wktd lo lccurltf squlrf ekndt sffe akif laatdlt‛s offmfm, jut kt‛s rflaay bust tdf stlrtkon phkot.
Vskon l squlrf lahof, vfry selaa frrhrs clo jf dlrm th sff. ]h jf
surf yhur tljafslw lom bhkotfr lrf ruookon truf, yhu‛aa offm th elifshef tfst cuts ho scrlp sthci. ]dfsf cuts lrf tdf gkola stfp ko tuokon up lom
cdfcikon tdf lccurlcy hg yhur sdhp elcdkofs. ]df cuts elif frrhrs ehrf vkskjaf
jy euatkpaykon tdfe. ]df pdhths ho tdfsf plnfs sdhw wdlt th mh.
]fst cuts cdfci lccurlcy FAKEKOL]F FZZHZS J[ ELNOKG[KON ]DFE
J [ M L W K M D [ L ] ]
< :
]ljafslw2 Squlrf tdf jalmf lom ektfr nlunf
]df ehefot hg trutd. Ju
tdf twh cut foms thnftdfr. Lo
frrhr wkaa rfvfla ktsfag ls l tlp
fm nlp jftwffo tdf twh foms
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Alrnfr pkfcfs sucd ls plofas lrf usulaay crhsscut ho tdf tljaf-
slw wktd l sdhpelmf crhsscut safm. ]df lccurlcy hg tdfsf
cuts clo jf cdfcifm wktd l alrnf squlrf, jut l jfttfr lom ehrf
lccurltf eftdhm ks th usf tdf ‑gkvf-skmfm― tfst cut.
Jfnko wktd l pkfcf hg EMG hr paywhhm tdlt ks rhunday <4 ko. th
:= ko. sq. Ouejfr tdf fmnfs < th =, nhkon chuotfrcahciwksf. Palcf
fmnf < lnlkost tdf gfocf hg tdf safm lom trke fmnf :. ]dfo palcf
fmnf : lnlkost tdf gfocf lom trke fmnf 3. Chotkouf lrhuom uotka
yhu dlvf trkeefm fmnf <. ]dfo palcf fmnf < lnlkost tdf gfocf lom
trke l µ-ko. strkp grhe fmnf :. Aljfa hof fom hg tdf strkp ‑L― lom
tdf htdfr fom ‑J.― Solp tdf strkp ko dlag lom palcf L lom J skmf jy
skmf ho l galt surglcf. Kg tdf safm ks sft squlrf th tdf jalmf, tdfo
tdf strkp wkaa jf fxlctay tdf slef tdkciofss lt L lom J. Fvfo vfry
selaa mfvkltkhos grhe ;0° wkaa sdhw up uskon tdks eftdhm.
Kg tdf safm mhfs oht prhmucf ;0° cuts, tdfo yhu sdhuam lmbust
tdf gfocf ho tdf safm uotka kt cuts lccurltfay.
Elif gkvf cuts ko laa. Gkoksd tdf sfqufocf jy tli
l sfchom, wkmfr strkp grhe fmnf :.
Elri tdf foms hg tdf strkp. ]dks kmfotkgkfs tdf grhot lom jl
hg tdf gkola cut. Elif chrrfsphomkon elris ho tdf EMG squlrf gh
guturf rfgfrfocf. Solp tdf gkola strkp ko twh, aly tdf pkfcfs ho tdf
skmfs, lom cheplrf tdf tdkciofss hg tdf twh foms. Loy vlrkltkho
eflos tdf crhsscut safm‛s gfocf offms lmbustefot.
]ljafslw2 Squlrf yhur crhsscut safm
Elif l tfst pkfcf. Ouejfr tdf fmnfs ho l squlrf
EMG. ^ktd fmnf < lnlkost tdf safm gfocf, trke flcd skm
ko turo, rhtltkon tdf pkfcf cahciwksf jftwffo cuts.
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N:0
sftups chotkoufm
Mrlwkons2 Zhm
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Lskekalr sft hg tfsts clo dfap vfrkgy tdf lccurlcy hg tdf =6° ektfr-
cuttkon sftups ho l tljafslw.
Cut l =6° ektfr lt jhtd foms hg ghur tfst pkfcfs hg fqula afontd. ]lpf
tdf ghur pkfcfs thnftdfr th ghre l pkcturf grlef. Loy mfvkltkho grhe =6°
wkaa jf lpplrfot, ls tdf alst chrofr wkaa oht gkt thnftdfr tkndtay. Lmbust yhur
sftup, lom rfcut tdf ghur tfst strkps uotka tdfy ghre l grlef wktd oh nlps
lt tdf chrofrs.
Ghr stlomkon ektfrs, cut wktd tdf jalmf sft lt l =6° lonaf. Ghr galt
ektfrs, cut wktd tdf jalmf sft lt ;0° lom tdf ektfr nlunf sft lt =6°.
Elif l sfrkfs hg cuts. Cut =6° ektfrs lt jhtd foms hg ghur pkfcfs hg sthci,
bust ls yhu whuam ghr l pkcturf grlef.
]lpf tdf chrofrs. ]dks dfaps dham tdf pkfcfs ko p
ls yhu lssfejaf tdf grlef.
Ahhi ghr t nlp. Kg tdf gkol
chrofr mhfso‛t
sounay, kt eflo
tdf ektfr nlun
kso‛t sft lt
prfcksfay =6°
th tdf jalmf.
]ljafslw2 Sft up ghr lccurltf ektfrs
Bhkotfr2 Cdfci tdf gfocf
]df gfocf ho l bhkotfr lash clo jf sft th ;0° jy uskon tfs
cuts.
]lif twh <7-ko. th <4-ko. afontds hg 4/= sthci lom bhkot l
glcf lom tdfo lo fmnf hg flcd pkfcf. Sft tdf twh pkfcfs ho
galt surglcf wktd tdf bhkotfm fmnfs mhwo lom tdf bhkotfm glcf
thnftdfr. Kg tdf bhkotfr gfocf ks oht sft lt ;0°, tdfo l tlpfrfm
nlp wkaa jf vkskjaf jftwffo tdf twh glcfs. [hu clo lash cdfc
tdf bhkotfr‛s lccurlcy jy calepkon tdf twh pkfcfs wktd tdf bh
fm fmnfs thnftdfr. Palcf l strlkndtfmnf lcrhss tdf twh bhkot
glcfs. Kg tdf bhkotfr gfocf ks oht lt ;0°, tdfo tdf strlkndtfmn
wkaa rhci wdfo palcfm lcrhss tdf bhkotfm glcfs hr kt wkaa sdhw
nlp wdfrf tdf twh pkfcfs thucd.
]dfsf eftdhms wkaa whri hoay kg tdf bhkotfr ks prhmuckon l
sehhtd cut. Kg tdf bhkotfr jalmfs dlvf jffo okcifm lom lrf afl
kon selaa rkmnfs, tdf tfst pkfcfs wkaa oht skt galt. [hu ekndt sh
tdks prhjafe jy ehvkon hof bhkotfr jalmf sakndtay th hof skmf.
Prfplrf tfst pkfcfs. Bhkot tdf
glcf lom fmnf hg twh pkfcfs hg
sthci. Ho l galt surglcf, palcf
tdf bhkotfm fmnfs mhwo lom tdf
bhkotfm glcfs thnftdfr. L nlp
sdhws lmbustefot ks offmfm.
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Hof elbhr glcthr tdlt sfplrltfs l nhhm pkfcf hg
gurokturf grhe l efmkhcrf hof ks dhw cafloay kt kschostructfm. Ohtdkon wkaa ikaa tdf ahhi hg l gkoksdfm
pkfcf ehrf tdlo tflrhut.
Ehst tflrhut ho tdf tljafslw hccurs wdfo tdfjalmf fxkts tdf sthci lom jrflis tdf whhm gkjfrs
rltdfr tdlo cuttkon tdfe. Ls l rfsuat, spakotfrs ely sdhw up ho
tdf uomfrskmf, jlci chrofr, lom jlci fmnf hg l whripkfcf. ]dksks fspfcklaay rfafvlot th crhsscuttkon. Jut tflrhut ks oht dlrm th
fakekoltf hr elolnf. ]df gkrst ktfe th ahhi lt ks tdf slwjalmf.
]df chrrfct jalmf ks tdf gkrst akof hg mfgfosf L muaa jalmf, hr hof chvfrfm wktd pktcd, wkaa prhmucf l phhr-
qulakty cut. Crhsscuttkon jalmfs lom eloy nfofrla-purphsf
jalmfs dlvf tfftd wktd latfroltkon jfvfas. ]df stlnnfrfm tf
ho tdfsf jalmfs lrf jfofgkckla jfclusf tdfy schrf tdf gkjf
ghrf dhnnkon hut tdf sthci. Lvhkm trke cuts”Sheftkefs tflrhut hccurs jy tlikon t
akndt l trke cut. Kt hgtfo ks jfttfr th dlvf eltfrkla ho jhtd
hg tdf jalmf9 tdlt wly, tdf whhm gkjfrs lsupphrtfm lcrhss tdf guaa wkmtd hg tdf if
lom hoth tdf hggcut. ]dks tfoskho iffps
gkjfrs grhe rkppkon lwly.Zlksf tdf jalmf th rfmucf tflrhut”
mfcalrfs tdlt tdf jalmf sdhuam prhbfct lj
tdf surglcf ljhut tdf dfkndt hg l thhtd. nrftguaay, l ahw jalmf clo akgt gkjfrs grhe
surglcf. Zlkskon tdf jalmf dkndfr tdlo oh
ay rfcheefomfm trlosgfrs tdf ghrcfs hg j
rhtltkho sh tdlt tdf gkjfrs lrf prfssfm kosurglcf, rfsuatkon ko l caflofr cut. Ko el
lppakcltkhos, K rlksf tdf jalmf lt aflst lo
ljhvf tdf whripkfcf lom tlif fxtrl slgfprfclutkhos, sucd ls calepkon tdf whrip
th l crhsscut safm.
Vsf l zfrh-caflrlocf kosfrt Lohtdfr cheeho clusf hg tflrhut wdfo
cuttkon ks l tljafslw kosfrt wktd l thh-wksaht. Kt crfltfs lo uosupphrtfm surglcf gh
eltfrkla jfkon cut. ]df dlrm fmnf wdfrf
whripkfcf gkolaay jfchefs supphrtfm sf
ls l cdkpjrflifr lom laahws tdf gkjfrs thls glr ls tdf dlrm fmnf.
L zfrh-caflrlocf kosfrt fosurfs tdlt td
whripkfcf ks guaay supphrtfm ls kt plssflcrhss tdf jalmf.
Kshaltf tflrhut th dkmmfo surglcfsKo ey whhmwhrikon chursfs, ohtdkon io
mhwo l stumfot‛s nrlmf glstfr tdlo vkskja
]lekon tflrhutho tdf tljafslw J [ S ] F W F A L ] ] L
SDHP LKMS ]H PZFWFO] ]FLZHV] ]flrhut ehstay hccurs ho l crhsscut wdfo tdf slwjalmf jrflis tdf whhm gkjfrs
rltdfr tdlo spakttkon tdfe. Hocf yhu uomfrstlom tdf cheeho clusfs hg tflrhut,
yhu clo ghaahw l gfw skepaf nukmfakofs th prfvfot kt.
KOS]LAA L RFZH-CAFLZLOCF KOSFZ]L zfrh-caflrlocf kosfrt kocrflsfs tdf
supphrt lrfl uomfr tdf whripkfcf.
VSF L CZHSSCV] SAFMLohtdfr shautkho ks th usf l crhsscut safm
(sff p. <0:). Kg tdf hrknkola ifrg jfchefs
thh wkmf, lmm l grfsd luxkaklrymfci lom gfocf lom elif
zfrh-caflrlocf ifrgs
ko tdfe.
Hrknkola
wkmf ifrg
Luxkaklry
mfci
Luxkaklry
gfocf
Jalmf elifs
l ofw zfrh-
caflrlocf ifrg.
^hripkfcfRfrh-caflrlocf
kosfrt
Kosfrts ely jf
jhundt hr sdhp-
elmf. Sfvfrla
elouglcturfrs elif
lgtfrelrift kosfrts
tdlt rfpalcf tdf hof
suppakfm wktd yhur slw.
L whhm kosfr t lash clo
jf elmf ko tdf sdhp.
Pdhths2 Eltt Jfrnfr9 mrlwkons2 Ifaay BG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N::
sftups chotkoufm
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altfm th tdf uosffo glcf. Lgtfr elikon tdf gkrst cut, rhtltf
sthci rltdfr tdlo gakp kt th cut tdf htdfr fom.
Cut fom nrlko jfghrf ahon nrlkoKo nfofrla, wdfo l whripkfcf offms th jf cut lcrhss tdf lom lahon tdf nrlko, kt‛s jfst th cut tdf fom nrlko gkrst. ]dk
hg tduej dhams truf ghr ehst elcdkokon prhcfssfs, grhe r
plofas th rljjftkon mrlwfr jhtthes. Kg tflrhut mhfs hccur gtdf jalmf (hr cuttfr) fxktkon tdf fom nrlko, tdf ahon-nrlko
wkaa schhp lwly loy jahwhut tdlt ekndt
hccurrfm.
Schrkon lom tlpkon clo dfap rfmucf tfMuf mkaknfocf lash wkaa prfvfot tflrhut. G
fxlepaf, wdfo whrikon ho alrnf cljkoftfcts, K lawlys elif grlef-lom-plofa mhh
sakndtay hvfrskzf, tdfo cut tdfe th gkt tdf
mkefoskhos hg tdf hpfokon. Ghr caflo cutdlvf th mfla wktd tdf jlci fmnf hg tdf m
stkafs, wdfrf tdf slwjalmf cuts fom nrlko
Vsf l iokgf th schrf l akof ho tdf jhtthskmf lom jlci fmnf hg tdf stkaf. ]dlt laah
tdf gkjfrs th jrfli cafloay, jfghrf tdfy d
cdlocf th tflr hut.
Lppaykon caflr tlpf th lo fmnf tdlt ks tcut lash whris wfaa th prfvfot tflrhut”k
pffa hgg tdf tlpf ko tdf mkrfctkho hg tdf gk
Kg yhu pffa ko tdf htdfr mkrfctkho, tdf tlp wkaa akgt tdf gkjfrs. Sheftkefs l vfry akndt
hg wdktf nauf wkaa prhvkmf fohund supph
iffp gkjfrs grhe tflrkon. Bust elif surf yhu‛vf slomfm hr scrlpfm hgg laa tdf nauf
ghrf yhu lppay l gkoksd.
Hrkfot mrlwfr grh
sh tdlt tflrhut ks
rfstrkctfm th tdf
koskmf glcf. Crhssmrlwfr grhots wktd
fxphsfm glcf up (af
]dfo rhtltf, mho‛t g
tdf mrlwfr glcf th
tdf htdfr fom (rknd
HZKFO] ]DF ^HZIPKFCF
]H DKMF ]DF ]FLZHV]
MZL^FZ GZHO
Palcf tdf dkm-
mfo skmfs hg tdf
afn lnlkost tdf
gfocf lom mfci. Hrkfot tdf afn ho tdf
tljafslw sh tdlt tdf
jalmf fxkts tdf whri-
pkfcf ho l surglcf
tdlt who‛t jf vkskjaf
ho tdf gkoksdfm gurok-
turf pkfcf.
]LJAF AFNS
^dkcd chefs gkrst, tdf mlmh hr tdf
rljjft8 ]df mlmh chefs gkrst, kg yhu ghaahw
tdf nfofrla ruaf tdlt fom-nrlko cuts sdhuam
jf elmf prkhr th ahon-nrlko cuts.
L rljjft wkaa schhp lwly tflrhut clusfm
jy tdf mlmh cut. Cut tdf rljjft mffpfr tdlo
tdf mlmh th fosurf l caflo fmnf.
HZMFZ [HV Z CV]S ]H FAKEKOL]F ]FLZHV]
tflrhut ho l gkoksdfm pkfcf. K‛vf hgtfo sffo tdks ho tdf thp hg l
tljaf afn wdfo kt dls jffo keprhpfray cut th afontd.
[hu sdhuam dlvf l nhhm kmfl dhw tdf afns wkaa jf phsktkhofm
ho l tljaf jfghrf yhu elif loy cuts. Ls ohtfm flrakfr, tdf jht-the glcf, jlci chrofr, lom jlci fmnf hg l whripkfcf lrf ehst
suscfptkjaf th tflrhut. ]dfrfghrf, hrkfot tljaf afns ho tdf slw sh
tdlt tdf hutskmf glcfs elif gkrst chotlct wktd tdf jalmf. (Stlcitdf afns wktd tdfkr fxphsfm glcfs hutwlrm lom elri tdf thps
th kmfotkgy tdf uofxphsfm skmfs.) Cuttkon tdf afns tdks wly, loy
tflrhut who‛t jf vkskjaf hocf tdf tljaf ks lssfejafm. ]dks slefchocfpt clo jf lppakfm th l cut ho tdf ektfr slw.
^dfo trkeekon l mrlwfr grhot th afontd, phsktkho tdf grhot
wktd kts koskmf glcf lnlkost tdf tljafthp sh tdlt tflrhut ks ksh-
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N:=
Lsdhrt tkef lnh, l nhhm grkfom hg ekof cut hgg tdf tkp hg
dks tduej ho dks tljafslw. Df‛s l nhhm nuktlr palyfr,
thh. f‛rf tdf slef lnf9 jhtd hg us dlvf jffo whrikon
ko tdks juskofss ljhut tdf slef lehuot hg tkef. K gfat tfrrkjaf
ljhut tdf wdhaf sktultkho, jut kt bust rfkoghrcfm th ef tdf
kephrtlocf hg tljafslw slgfty. Zfekomfrs akif tdks hof dlvfelmf ef mfvfahp tfcdokqufs th prhtfct eysfag grhe ekstlifs.
Sh glr, tdhsf dljkts dlvf slvfm ef grhe mkslstfr.
Loy lrtkcaf ho tljafslw slgfty whuam jf rfekss kg tdf kssuf
hg jalmf nulrms wfrfo‛t glcfm dhofstay. Hg tdf clrpfotfrs K‛vf
eft lrhuom tdf chuotry, K‛m sly ;;% ofvfr usf l jalmf nulrm
ho tdfkr tljafslws. Ko ehrf tdlo 30 yflrs hg whrikon ho bhj
sktfs, K‛vf ofvfr sffo loyhof usf l nulrm ho l phrtljaf slw.
Jut K‛vf sffo lom dflrm ljhut l aht hg tljafslw lcckmfots.
Ahts hg ouejfrs lrf jlttfm lrhuom, jut dfrf‛s l chosfrvltkvf
fstkeltf2 Lcchrmkon th tdf Jurflu hg Aljhr Stltkstkcs, tljafslws
clusfm ehrf tdlo :,000 rfphrtfm koburkfs murkon :00=, lom
ehst hg tdhsf lcckmfots prhjljay chuam dlvf jffo prfvfotfm
kg l nulrm dlm jffo ko usf.Mhfs tdlt eflo wf‛rf laa nhkon th stlrt uskon tdf nulrms
ho hur tljafslws8 K mhujt kt, latdhund shef jalmf nulrms
mfgkoktfay whri jfttfr tdlo htdfrs. ]df nulrm ghuom ho ehst
slws”grhe phrtljafs th cljkoft slws”elifs kt kephsskjaf th
rkp olrrhw pkfcfs, hr th cut mlmhfs lom rljjfts. Kt‛s trhujaf-
shef th tlif l eflsurfefot jftwffo tdf gfocf lom tdf slw-
jalmf wktd tdf nulrm ko palcf. L gfw slws, ohtljay tdf SlwSthp
(sff ‑]df slgfst slw nfts selaafr,― p. :;) lom tdf Phwfreltkc
PE:000, chef wktd l rkvkon iokgf tdlt ekokekzfs ikcijlci jut
tdlt mhfso‛t kotfrgfrf wktd yhur whri.
]dks lrtkcaf dkndakndts shef hg tdf ehst kephrtlot tljafslw-
slgfty tfcdokqufs K usf fvfry tkef K turo ho tdf thha. K stlrt jy
akstfokon th tdf akttaf vhkcf koskmf ey dflm. ^dfo sheftdkongffas wrhon, K mho‛t mh kt. K nh nft shef chggff lom tdkoi up
lohtdfr eftdhm. Lt tdf fom hg tdf mly, K chuot ey jafsskons
ho laa <0 gkonfrs.
Nlry E. Iltz ks l chotrkjutkon fmkthr th Gkof Dhefjukamkon lom l tkrfafss
lmvhcltf hg slgf lom fggkckfot trke clrpfotry.
• Jf surf tdlt tdf lrfl lrhuom yhur gfft
ks caflr hg chrms, mfjrks, lom htdfr
eltfrkla.
• Lawlys usf l slw stlom chupafm wktd
lo hutgffm tljaf hr fxtfoskho rhaafrs
(tdf chotkouhus supphrt hg lo hutgffm
tljaf ks jfttfr). Kt‛s lash kephrtlot
tdlt tdf tljaf lom stlom jf tdf fxlct
slef dfkndt, ko tdks clsf, ljhut
3=< ⁍ : ko.
• Elif surf tdlt pusdstkcis lrf wktdko flsy
rflcd jfghrf yhu stlrt
tdf slw.
• Lawlys wflr fyf lom
flr prhtfctkho.
• Dlvf l must-chaafctkho
systfe ko palcf.
FS]LJAKSD L SLGF
^HZI RHOF JFGHZF
[HV S]LZ] ]H CV]
Pdhths2 Cdlrafs Jkcighrm9 mrlwkons2 Dfltdfr Alejfrt
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
]ljafslw ]df jfst wlys th fqukp lom whri wktd
tdf ehst mlonfrhus elcdkof ko tdf sdhp
J [ N L Z [ E . I L ] R
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PZFWFO] IKCIJLCI L] LAA CHS]S
Ls yhu ehvf tdf whripkfcf koth l spkookon
jalmf, tdf tfftd pusd mhwo ls tdfy cut. Dhw-
fvfr, kg tdf whripkfcf elifs chotlct wktd
tdf jlci hg tdf jalmf, tdf ghrcf hg tdf jalmf
chekon up hut hg tdf tljaf clo tdrhw tdf sthci
jlci thwlrm yhu. Jfclusf ikcijlci clo hccur
lt loy tkef, lawlys stlom th tdf afgt hg tdf lrfl
jftwffo tdf rkp gfocf lom tdf jalmf. ^dfo rkppkon,
lawlys lppay stflmy prfssurf lnlkost tdf gfocf.
Eloy tljafslw lcckmfots lrf clusfm jy
ikcijlci, wdfo tdf jalmf cltcdfs lom
tdrhws tdf sthci jlci koth yhur glcf hr
puaas yhur dlom koth tdf jalmf. Shef
elbhr clusfs8 ^dfo tdf rkp gfocf kso‛t
plrlaafa th tdf jalmf, sthci jfkon rkppfm
clo jf ghrcfm lnlkost tdf jlci sfctkho hg
tdf jalmf (sff ‑Ikcijlci mlonfr zhofs,―
jfahw). ]df slef pkocdkon clo dlppfowdfo lo uofvfo fmnf ruos lnlkost tdf
gfocf, hr wdfo kotfrola strfssfs ko tdf
whhm clusf tdf ifrg th cahsf ls l jhlrm ks
jfkon cut. ]df rfefmy8 Gkrst, elif surf tdf gfocf ks plrlaafa
th tdf jalmf jy cdfcikon tdf eflsurfefots jftwffo tdf gfocf
lom tdf ektfr saht lt tdf grhot lom rflr hg tdf slw tljaf. ^dfo
rkppkon, elif surf tdf jhlrm fmnf nukmfm jy tdf gfocf ks strlkndt.
Kg kt kso‛t, yhu clo cut l strlkndt fmnf uskon l safm ls sdhwo ho
p. :4. G kolaay, lawlys usf l spakttfr hr l rkvkon iokgf th iffp tdf
ifrg hpfo.
Iffp l pusd stkci
wktdko rflcd.
L typkcla jalmf nulrm choshg l spakttfr, l jalmf chvfr
lotkikcijlci plwas. K akif
nulrm tdlt clo jf rfehvf
rfkostlaafm qukciay. ]df Ph
Cljaf 34<: lom tdf Jhsc
=000-0> phrtljaf
tljafslws lrf twh
wktd nulrms tdlt
gkaa tdf jkaa. Fvfo
ehrf kephrtlot,
tdfsf nulrms lrf
ehuotfm ho tdf
jalmf-clrrklnf lssfejay r
tdlo ho tdf slw‛s cdlssks
laahws tdf spakttfr th ehv
lom mhwo wktd tdf jalmf.
Ho ey hwo slw, K chovf
tdf spakttfr koth l rkvkon io
Hgtfo sffo ho dknd-qulakty
slws, l rkvkon iokgf ks l se
spakttfr tdlt ghaahws tdf tkat
jalmf9 kt lawlys ghaahws tdf
koth tdf sthci,
wdfrf kt iffps tdf
ifrg grhe pkocdkon
tdf jalmf, l elbhr
clusf hg ikcijlci.
L rkvkon iokgf ks
ofvfr ko tdf wly.
]h elif tdf rkvkon iokgf
rfehvfm tdf jalmf chvfr l
plwas grhe tdf spakttfr, tdf
mhwo tdf spakttfr sh tdlt w
kt‛s jhatfm jlci hoth tdf j
clrrklnf, kt‛s ljhut < ⁍ = ko. j
tdf dfkndt hg tdf jalmf. ]d
ehmkgkcltkho eflos tdlt K oh ahonfr usf ey jalmf ch
lom lotkikcijlci plwas. J
tdf htdfr dlom, l rkvkon io
lawlys ko palcf th prhvkmf
tkho wdfofvfr K usf tdf sl
L rkvkon
iokgf dfaps
th fakekoltf
ikcijlci
IKCIJLCI MLONFZ RHOFSIffp tdf sthci
lnlkost tdf
gfocf, lom
stlom th tdf afgt
hg tdf jalmf.
Iffp tdf gfocf
plrlaafa th tdf jalmf.
Vsf l rkvkon iokgf th
prfvfot jalmf-pkocdkon.
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DLOM MLONFZ RHOF
Ofvfr turo ho l slw wktdhut
l pusd stkci oflrjy. K mho‛tusf l skepaf stkci wktd l ohtcd
cut ko hof fom (sff mrlwkon,
rkndt), lom K ofvfr usf ey
dleefr dlomaf hr ey
clrpfotfr‛s squlrf.
Kostflm, K prfgfr l
tlaa, wkmf pusd stkci
(sff pdhth, ljhvf) tdlt fxtfoms
tdf rflcd hg ey dlom jy <: ko.
lom fxfrts prfssurf mhwowlrm,
ghrckon tdf sthci lnlkost tdf
tljaf. ]df dlomaf nkvfs nhhm
chotrha hvfr tdf sthci, wdftdfr
K‛e cuttkon l <0-ko.-wkmf jhlrm
hr l 3 ⁍ 4 -ko.-wkmf strkp.
IFFP [HVZ DLOMS L^L[ GZHE ]DF JALMF
Kg yhu‛rf uskon yhur dlom th dham
lom prfss l jhlrm lnlkost tdf rkp
gfocf lom ikcijlci sdhhts tdf
jhlrm lcrhss tdf rhhe, ko afss tdlo
l ekcrhsfchom yhur dlom wkaa jf
prfsskon ho tdf spkookon jalmf.
]df hoay wly th lvhkm tdks
sktultkho ks ofvfr th palcf yhur dlom
ko tdf mlonfr zhof (rkndt). ^dforkppkon l jhlrm, iffp yhur dlom ko
grhot hg tdf jalmf, usf l tlaa pusd
stkci ls tdf jhlrm oflrs tdf jalmf,
lom ofvfr rflcd hvfr tdf jalmf th
nrlj tdf wlstf.
Vsf tdf rhaafrs
jfdkom yhu wdfo
cuttkon jkn plofas
<
Dhrskon l guaa sdfft hg paywhhm hoth
l slw tljaf clo jf strfouhus lt jfst,
kg oht mhworkndt mlonfrhus. K sft up l
rhaafr stlom jfdkom ey stlomkon phsk-
tkho, tdfo pkci up tdf sdfft ho fmnf.Sfttkon kt hoth tdf rhaafr, K clo flsf kt
hoth tdf tljaf (<), tdfo aly kt galt (:).
^ktd tdf jlci fom hg tdf sdfft sup-
phrtfm jy tdf rhaafr (3), K ohw clo
phsktkho tdf sdfft lnlkost tdf gfocf
lom turo ho tdf slw slgfay.
SDHPELMF PVSD S]KCI
:
3
L ohtcdfmstkci clo sakp
lom aflm yhur
dlom koth tdf jalmf.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N:7
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SDHPELMF GFL]DFZJHLZMS
Sdhp- hr glcthry-elmf gfltdfrjhlrms nrfltay rfmucf tdf cdlocf hg
ikcijlci lom dfap th elif caflofr, strlkndtfr rkp cuts. Oh elttfr
wdkcd typf yhu usf, phsktkho tdf gfltdfrjhlrms chrrfctay. ]df gafxkjaf
gkonfrs sdhuam lppay akndt, stflmy prfssurf ho tdf whripkfcf,
laahwkon yhu th pusd kt tdrhund tdf jalmf wktdhut l
aht hg ghrcf. L tljaf-ehuotfm gfltdfrjhlrm sdhuam jf
palcfm ko grhot hg tdf jalmf9 ofvfr phsktkho kt fvfowktd tdf jalmf jfclusf kt ekndt cahsf tdf ifrg,
cluskon ikcijlci. Gfltdfrjhlrms calepfm th tdf
gfocf ls dham-mhwos (jfahw) eust jf phsktkhofm
ko grhot hg lom ko jlci hg tdf jalmf. K slcrkgkcf
l tdkoofr pkfcf hg sthci ls l pusd stkci th
ehvf tdf sthci plst tdf gfltdfrjhlrms.
Gkonfrs ljhut< ⁍ = ko. wkmf, cut lt
lpprhxkeltfay 30°
GLC]HZ[-ELMF GFL]DFZJHLZMS
Sheftkefs K offm th rkp l olrrhw strkp grhe
l wkmfr jhlrm, lom th iffp tdf cut sehhtd,
K usf jhtd gfltdfrjhlrms lom dham-mhwos. Ko
tdks clsf, sdhpelmf gfltdfrjhlrms lttlcdfm
th tdf gfocf lct ls dham-mhwos, wdkaf l
ehmfa grhe Jfocd Mhn lppakfs dhrkzhotla
prfssurf tdlt iffps tdf whripkfcf lnlkost
tdf rkp gfocf. Elnoftkc dham-mhwos lom
gfltdfrjhlrms lrf lvlkaljaf, thh. Jfclusf kt‛s
sh qukci lom flsy th usf, K prfgfr Nrkp-]ktf,l elnoftkc dham-mhwo systfe. L stffa gfocf
saffvf scrfwfm hoth l whhmfo luxkaklry
gfocf prhvkmfs tdf lttrlctkho, sh tdf dham-
mhwos clo jf lttlcdfm loywdfrf ghrf lom
lgt hg tdf jalmf. Ls tdf sthci ks pusdfm
tdrhund, tdf dlrm rujjfr galps lom rhaafrs
dham tdf sthci lnlkost tdf gfocf.
Phsktkho tdf
gfltdfrjhlrm ko
grhot hg tdf jalmf.
Slcrkgkckla pusd st kci whris wk
dham-mhwos ko palcf.
Jfocd Mhn gfltdfrjhlrms rkmf ko tdf ektfr-
nlunf saht.
Nrkp-]ktf elnoftkc dham-mhwos stkci th l
stffa luxkaklr y gfocf.
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N:4
B KNS LOM G KT]VZFS DFAP [HV ^HZI SLGFA[
^ktd laa tdf spfcklaty thhas lvlkaljaf tdfsf mlys, kt‛s flsy th ghrnft dhw eucd
yhu clo mh wktd l tljafslw. Mfmkcltfm bkns laahw yhu th pfrghre rfpftktkvf
prhmuctkho tlsis slgfay lom lccurltfay9 tdfy lash trlosghre rksikfr hpfrltkhos
koth l rksi-grff rhutkof.
Hutgkttfm wktd twh gfocfs, tdf safm‛s nukmfs
rkmf ko tdf ektfr-nlunf sahts lom elif wkmf
crhsscuts lccurltf lom slgf. L skekalr safm,
usfm wktd l mlmh jalmf, laahws yhu th cut
wkmf nrhhvfs lcrhss tdf whripkfcf wktd oh
rksi hg ikcijlci (sff ‑Mlmhfs, Nrhhvfs, lom
Zljjfts,― pp. 70-76).
Zltdfr tdlo ruo wloy-fmnfm dlrmwhhm tdrhund tdf bhkotfr sfvfrla
tkefs, K elif l safm grhe l <7-ko. jy ;7-ko. pkfcf hg paywhhm. K scrfw
twh thnnaf caleps hoth 3 ⁍ =-ko.-tdkci jahcis, tdfo scrfw tdf jahcis th
tdf safm sh tdlt tdf wloy-fmnfm jhlrm prhbfcts lo kocd hr sh jfyhom
lom ls plrlaafa ls phsskjaf th tdf fmnf hg tdf safm. Lgtfr calepkon
mhwo tdf jhlrm, K ruo tdf safm lahon tdf rkp gfocf, cuttkon bust fohund
hgg tdf jhlrm th elif l caflo, strlkndt fmnf.
Kg K dlvf th cut euatkpaf pkfcfshg tdf slef skzf, K clo scrfw l
selaa jahci th tdf luxkaklry gfocf
tdlt lcts ls l nlunf. (K ofvfr
usf tdf gfocf ktsfag ls l nlunf.)
K sakmf tdf sthci hvfr uotka kt
rfnkstfrs lnlkost tdf sthp, tdfo
elif tdf cut. ]df sthp jahci ks
glr fohund lwly grhe tdf jalmf
tdlt tdf pkfcf kso‛t trlppfm
jftwffo tdf jahci lom tdf gfocf.
ZKPPKON SAFMCZHSSCV] SAFM
GFOCF-ZFNKS]FZFM S]HP JAHCI
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K rlrfay usf ey ektfr nlunf, jut wdfo K mh, K
lawlys ehuot l whhm luxkaklry gfocf th kt9 tdf
glcf hg tdf ektfr nlunf ks thh olrrhw th dham
l jhlrm sfcurfay. Lttlcdkon l sthp jahci th
tdf whhm gfocf nkvfs yhu l ghhaprhhg wly thprhmucf kmfotkcla-afontd plrts. K usf ey rkndt
dlom th puaa hggcuts lwly grhe tdf jalmf ls
tdfy‛rf cut.
Cuttkon tfohos lom cdlegfrkon tdf fomnrlko ho l olrrhw plofa lrf mlonfrhus
bhjs K grfqufotay glcf. K ofvfr grffdlom
tdfsf cuts. Kostflm, K elif l tfohokon bkn
grhe scrlp eltfrklas lom l thnnaf calep.
Ey tfohokon bkn rkmfs ho tdf thp hg tdf
whhm luxkaklry gfocf lttlcdfm th tdf
rkp gfocf.
]df slgfst slw
nfts selaafr
Kt‛s akif lo lkrpalof tdlt who‛t
crlsd hr l jhlt tdlt who‛t skoi
Pfhpaf wfrf sifptkcla wdfo
SlwSthp‛s elouglcturfrs (www
.slwsthp.che) gkrst clef hut w
l cljkoft slw wdhsf jalmf, tdf
calkefm, whuam sthp wktdko 6 e
sfchoms hg chotlct wktd lo hpf
thr‛s siko (sff tdf mfehostrltk
vkmfh ho tdfkr ^fj sktf). Dhwfv
uoakifay, tdf SlwSthp whris aki
l cdlre, lom K‛e nhkon th juy
hof ghr ey sdhp ls shho ls K cl
scrlpf up tdf ehofy. Fvfo jftt
ofws ks tdlt tdf cheploy ks prfplrkon th kotrhmucf l chotrlcth
slw tdlt fepahys tdf slef gkon
slvkon tfcdohahny. ]df <0-ko.,
<.6-dp ehmfa slw (jfahw) ks
fxpfctfm th dlvf l clst-krho tl
wktd stffa fxtfoskho wkons, l
dflvy-muty gfocf, l jalmf sdrhu
fodlocf must chaafctkho, lom l
kon iokgf th prfvfot ikcijlci. ]
cheploy slys kt ks gkolakzkon sh
cdlonfs, jlsfm ho gffmjlci grh
gkfam tfstkon, lom prhmuctkho el
jfnko ko ekm-:00>.
SlwSthp‛schotrlcthr‛s slw
EK]FZ-NLVNF GFOCF LOM S]HP
]FOHOKON BKN
Lmdfskvf-jlcifm
slomplpfr nkvfs
tdf gfocf l
ohosikm surglcf.
L thnnaf calep
dhams tdf whripkfcf
ko palcf.
]df dlomaf
rkmfs lthp
tdf gfocf.
Sthp jahci ghr
cuttkon euatkpafs
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Pdhths2 Lsl C
Gkvf oh-dlssaf tkps
nulrlotff sehhtd,
strlkndt cuts
ho loy jlomslw
J [ E K C D L F A G H Z ] V O F
Prfcksf cuts
lrf flskfr tdlo yhu
tdkoi. Kt mhfso‛t tlif l dknd-
fom jalmf, dknd tfoskho, rfpalcf-
efot nukmfs, hr l spfckla gfocf th
nft fxcfaafot cuts.
Ko ey gkrst yflr hg mfskno scdhha ko tdfflray <;>0s, K rfefejfr tdf sdhp elo-
lnfr tfaakon ef tdlt tdf jlomslw wls
tdf ehst usfgua pkfcf hg fqukpefot ko l whhmsdhp. ]dks struci ef ls l mujkhus
stltfefot, nkvfo tdlt wf wfrf stlomkon ko
l whrisdhp gkaafm wktd stltf-hg-tdf-lrt Furh-
pflo whhmwhrikon fqukpefot. Jut tkef
lom lnlko, df prhvfm kt.
Lgtfr K nrlmultfm ko <;>=, ey gkrst pur-
cdlsf wls l <6-ko. Nfofrla jlomslw. Dhw-fvfr, K shho rflakzfm K chuam lcdkfvf tdf
lccurlcy lom vfrsltkakty K dlm
fxpfrkfocfm lt
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
Jlomslw
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N30
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scdhha hoay kg K sft up tdf slw tdf wly
ey sdhp elolnfr mkm.
Hocf K gknurfm hut tdf ifys th succfss,
K clef th rfay ho tdlt jlomslw. ^ktd lskonaf jalmf, K rhutkofay cut sehhtd tfo-
hos, splndfttk-tdko strkonkon ghr koalys, lom
pfrgfct vfoffrs tdlt usf tdf fotkrf dfkndtclplckty hg ey elcdkof.
K lash mh laa hg ey rkppkon ho tdlt <6-ko.
jlomslw. ]df tlsi ks slgfr lom rfqukrfsafss dhrsfphwfr tdlo tdf tljafslw, lom
tdf olrrhw ifrg chosuefs afss whhm. Ofw
fepahyffs lom stumfots lrf surprksfm lt
gkrst jy ey prfgfrfocf ghr rkppkon ho tdfjlomslw, jut tdfy lrf chovfrtfm qukciay.
Latdhund K dlvf tdrff fxcfaafot komustrkla
tljafslws ko ey sdhp, tdfy lrf usfm laehst
fxcauskvfay ghr cuttkon mlmhfs, squlrkon
plofas, lom cuttkon sdhuamfrs ho bhkots.
]dfrf lrf tdrff ify fafefots th nfttkontdf ehst grhe yhur jlomslw2 jalmf typf,
jalmf laknoefot, lom ehmfrltf tfoskho. Ey
lpprhlcd chotrlmkcts shef hg tdf cheeho
lmvkcf ghr sfttkon up jlomslws. Kt mhfs ohtrfqukrf dknd jalmf tfoskho, spfckla fqukp-
efot, fxhtkc jalmfs, dknd dhrsfphwfr, hr
chotkoula gfocf lmbustefots th lccheeh-mltf jalmf mrkgt.
Stlrt wktd l chlrsf jalmfMurkon tflcdkon lssknoefots, K ruo koth
eloy whhmwhrifrs fxpfrkfockon mkggkcua-
tkfs wktd tdfkr jlomslws. ]dfy chepalkoljhut tdf jalmf aflvkon l curvfm (cuppfm)
ifrg, l jalmf tdlt sffes th ehvf hut hg
laknoefot, hr l slw tdlt sffes uomfrphw-
frfm. ]dfkr jlomslws lrf rfafnltfm th cut-tkon curvfs ko tdko sthci.
]df ouejfr-hof cuaprkt jfdkom laa hg
tdfsf mkggkcuatkfs ks l jlomslw jalmf tdltdls thh eloy tfftd, wktd selaa nuaafts ko
jftwffo. Slwmust nfofrltfm ko tdf ifrg
eust jf rfehvfm fggkckfotay. L trfefomhus
lehuot hg dflt ks crfltfm jy tdf grkctkho
grhe tdf slwmust tdlt ks ble-plcifm ko
flcd selaa nuaaft rkndt lt tdf phkot wdfrftdf whhm gkjfrs lrf jfkon cut. ]df kotfosf
dflt clo clusf tdf jalmf th ahsf kts tfe-
pfr lom muaa prfelturfay. ]df dflt lom
prfssurf jukamup lash clo clusf tdf jalmfth gafx skmfwlys lom jlciwlrm, crfltkon
l mksdfm cut. L typkcla rflctkho dfrf ks th
tkndtfo tdf tfoskho ho tdf jalmf. Jut hvfr-tfoskhokon tdf jalmf crfltfs l wdhaf ofw
sft hg prhjafes (sff ]kp :).
Ey jlomslw mhfs fvfrytdkon, fvfry mly2
cuttkon bhkots, rfslwkon wkmf alekoltfs ko
fxhtkc whhms, elikon curvfm plttfros ko
ZKPPKON
ZFSL^KON CV]]KON CVZW
L SKONAF JALMF CLO DLOMAF EHS] ]LSIS L SKONAF JALMF CLO DLOMAF EHS] ]LSIS]kp <
L µ-ko.-wkmf, 3-tpk jalmf”prhpfray
sft up”wkaa dlomaf nfofrla rkpcuts,
rfslwkon, lom fvfo cuttkon curvfs
ko tdko sthci, oht th efotkho cut-
tkon prfcksf tfohos.
Alrnf nuaafts caflrcdkps fggkckfotay. Gkofr
jalmfs, wktd ehrf
tfftd pfr kocd, dlvf
selaafr nuaafts wdfrf
cdkps nft plcifm,
cluskon tdf jalmf th
cut phhray lom th gafx
skmfwlys.
3 tpk
Stlomlrm< ⁍ :-ko.-wkmf clrjho-
stffa jalmf
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tkvfay kofxpfoskvf. Kt dfaps tdlt K juy tdfe
ko nrhups hg <0, wdkcd flros ef l :6%
mkschuot. Ghr fxlepaf, lt tdf fom hg :007,
;=< ⁍ :-ko.-ahon jalmfs, wdkcd gkt l <=-ko.
jlomslw, sham ghr ljhut $<0 (V.S.) flcd,hr $<3.60 kg purcdlsfm hof lt l tkef. ]dks
ks hof hg tdf rlrf clsfs wdfo kofxpfoskvf
fqulas nhhm.Voghrtuoltfay, oht laa jalmf mkstrkjuthrs
wfam jlomslw jalmfs prhpfray. L phhray
wfamfm, ekslaknofm slwjalmf wkaa ohtnkvf yhu tdf sehhtd lom fgghrtafss rfsuats
yhu lrf lgtfr.
< ⁍ <7-ko.-tdkci sthci. Kt ks oht prlctkcla thcdlonf tdf jalmf lom tdf nukmf jahcis
ghr flcd sktultkho, ohr ks kt ofcfsslry.
^ktd rlrf fxcfptkhos, l stlomlrm clrjho-
stffa < ⁍ :-ko.-wkmf, 3-tpk, sikp-thhtd jalmfkostlaafm ho ey jlomslw pfrghres laa hg
tdf ljhvf tlsis.
Jalmfs lrf kofxpfoskvf, sh iffp l
sdlrp hof ahlmfm”]df jalmfs K usf lrf
elmf jy Stlrrftt jut lrf wfamfm lom mks-
trkjutfm jy JC Slw lom ]hha ko Clolml(444-:6<-::379 www.jcslw.che). Jy mf-
akndtgua chkockmfocf, tdfsf jalmfs lrf rfal-
Skepay uskon l 3-tpk jalmf, wktd kts
nuaafts, wkaa fakekoltf eloy jloms
prhjafes. Fvfo = tpk ks thh gkof l
plttfro ghr nfofrla whhmwhrikon lslwkon. Latdhund kt sffes chuotfrko
kg yhu wlot l gkof cut, usf l chlrsf
fvfo ho tdko sthci. Ko ey fxpfrtdf ham ruaf hg tduej ljhut dlvko
tfftd fonlnfm ko tdf sthci lt laa
ks jhnus. ]df rflsho K usf l < ⁍ :-kojalmf ks tdlt kt ks stkgg fohund th rfsl
gafxkjaf fohund th ghaahw l curvf
th l :< ⁍ :-ko. rlmkus. L clutkholry
Cuttkon plrtkcafjhlrm ks fxtrfefayho clrjho-stffa jlomslw jalmfs lo
rfmucf tdfkr akgf jy >6%.
Dknd dhrsfphwfr ks loh
eytd”Ghr ehst <=-ko. jlomslws < ⁍ :-ko.-wkmf, 3-tpk jalmf, l < ⁍ 3-dp e
gkof. ]df slef slw wktd l rksfr jatdf chaueo chuam usf l < ⁍ :-dp eh
jkn rfslwkon tlsis, jut loytdkon al
hvfrikaa. Kg tdf ehthr ks jhnnkon
yhu lrf fktdfr ghrckon tdf cut hr umuaa jalmf.
Mho‛t hvfrtfoskho tdf jalmfKt ks kephrtlot tdlt tdf tkrfs ho tdf
slw rfelko ko fxcfaafot sdlpf. N
ko tdf rujjfr tkrf ho fktdfr tdf uptdf ahwfr wdffa wkaa elif kt kephss
iffp tdf jalmf ho tdf cfotfrakof,
wktd tdf rkp gfocf. Lom tdf ehst chclusf hg nrhhvfs ko tdf tkrfs ks hv
skhofm jalmfs. Wfry dknd tfoskho cl
tdf slw grlef hut hg laknoefot.
K sakndtay uomfrtfoskho ey<
⁍ :-kojalmf. Jfclusf hg kts fxcfaafot lj
caflr slwmust, tdf jalmf ks oht kocak
gafx, wlomfr, hr dflt up. K lmbust tdskho sclaf th tdf sfttkon ghr l 3 ⁍ 4-ko.
Kg oh sclaf ks prfsfot ho tdf elcd
tkndtfo tdf lmbustefot iohj (wktd tdcdkof hgg lom uopaunnfm) uotka tdf
mfgafcts ljhut < ⁍ = ko. th tdf skmf w
elikon ey gkonfrtkps nh wdktf. L skmf jfofgkt hg ahwfr jalmf tfo
tdlt K sfamhe dlvf th rfaflsf tdf t
ho tdf slw, ls ks cheehoay rfchee
th prhahon jalmf akgf.
Lakno tdf jalmf th fakekoltf mrkgt ^dfo K jhundt ey jlomslw ko <;>tdf gfocf plrlaafa th tdf ektfr-nlunf
tdf tljaf, lom K dlvfo‛t dlm th lmbust k
]dks ks jfclusf K usf tdf trlcikon
efot ho tdf uppfr jlomslw wdffa t
tdf jalmf (sff mrlwkons, glckon pl
Dknd tfoskho fvfotulaay wkaa nrhhvf tdf tkrfs, puaakon tdf jalmf hut hg laknoefot
(ghr ehrf ho jalmf laknoefot, sff ]kp 3). Dknd tfoskho clo fvfo gafx tdf elcdkof‛s
grlef hut hg laknoefot.
Vsf afss tdlo tdf rfcheefomfm
tfoskho. Ghr l < ⁍ : -ko.-wkmf jalmf, turo
tdf tfoskho nlunf (ljhvf) th tdf
sfttkon ghr l 3 ⁍ 4 -ko.-wkmf jalmf. ]dfgkrst stfp ko hvfrdluakon l jlomslw
ks th cdfci tdf tkrfs ghr nrhhvfs
(rkndt). Kg ofcfsslry, rfpalcf tdfe.
DKND JALMF ]FOSKHO KS OH] OFCFSSLZ[ ]kp :
Mrlwkons2 Ifaay BG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N3:
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Lmvkcf ho jalmf laknoefot usulaay cfotfrs
ho tdf rkp gfocf kostflm hg tdf jalmf, jut yhu
clo fakekoltf jalmf mrkgt skepay jy lmbustkon
tdf phsktkho hg tdf jalmf ho tdf uppfr wdffa.
LAKNO ]DF GFOCF BVS] HOCF
LMBVS] ]DF LAKNOEFO] HG ]DF JALMF, OH] ]DF GFOCF
Gkrst, lakno tdf rkp gfocf plrlaafa
wktd tdf ektfr-nlunf saht lom
aflvf kt tdfrf. ]dfo fakekoltf
jalmf mrkgt jy cfotfrkon tdf
jalmf ho tdf uppfr wdffa. ]df
uppfr wdffa dls l sakndt crhwo
ho kt. ]dfrfghrf, kg tdf jalmf ks
cahsf th tdf grhot hg tdf uppfr
wdffa, kt wkaa jf lonafm ho tdf
wdffas, cluskon tdf slw th
cut th tdf rkndt. Kg tdf jalmf ks
cahsf th tdf jlci hg tdf wdffa,
tdf rfvfrsf wkaa jf truf.
Ohw pusd nfotay lom aft
jalmf mh tdf whri. Pusd-kon thh dlrm wkaa elif tdf
jalmf gafx skmfwlys, wdkcd
wkaa clusf kt jhtd th hvfrdf
lom th mrkgt hgg akof. ^ktd td
jalmf, gfocf, lom nukmfs pr
fray laknofm lom lmbustfm,
jlci hg tdf jalmf sdhuam j
cfotfrfm ko kts ifrg (kosft).
Lakno tdf rkp
gfocf plrlaafa
wktd tdf ektfr-
nlunf saht.
L skepaf lmbustefot. Lmbust tdf lonaf hg tdf up-
pfr wdffa sh tdf jalmf rkmfs lt tdf cfotfr, wdkcd
ho ehst selaa jlomslws ks crhwofm sakndtay.
[HV CLO FAKEKOL]F JALMF MZKG] J[ LMBVS]KON ]DF ]ZLCIKON]kp 3
Slw wkaa cut strlkndt.
CFO]FZFM JALMF
]df gfocf eust jf lonafm th
tdf rkndt ghr l strlkndt cut.
]df gfocf eust jf lo
tdf afgt ghr l strlknd
JALMF ]HH GLZ JLJALMF ]HH GLZ
GHZ^LZM
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okndtelrf hg gfocf lmbustefots fo
flcd ofw jalmf ks laahwfm th trlc
gfrfotay. Skepay jy iffpkon tdf cfo
hg tdf jalmf (rfnlrmafss hg wkmtd) wktd tdf cfotfrakof hg tdf uppfr w
clo iffp tdf jalmf laknofm chrrfctay
jalmf nukmfs.]df rfaltkhosdkp jftwffo trlciko
jalmf ho tdf cfotfrakof hg tdf uppfr
lom dlvkon tdf gfocf laknofm plrltdf ektfr saht sdhuam prhmucf l ifr
fqula splcf ho fktdfr skmf hg tdf ja
Eucd dls jffo elmf ko jhhis l
tkcafs hg tdf laknoefot hg tdf twh wd
flcd htdfr. Ko ey sdhp lom ko ey t
K dlvf ofvfr ghuom tdks th jf l prh
]rlcikon tdf jalmf prhpfray ho tdf wdffa dls lawlys jffo fohund, fx
tdf clsf hg l sfvfrfay mlelnfm jlo
Ohw squlrf tdf tljaf lom lakn
gfocf”Hocf yhu dlvf laknofm tdf
wktd tdf cuttkon mkrfctkho, kt lash s
jf lmbustfm sh tdlt kt ks squlrf wk
vfrtkcla akof hg tdf jalmf.Alst, tdf gfocf sdhuam jf laknofm
afa th tdf jalmf lom squlrf th tdf t
usf l 3< ⁍ :-ko.-tlaa jkrcd paywhhm rkpscrfwfm hoth tdf eftla gfocf. K
sdkeefm tdf paywhhm wktd elsiko
th nft kt pfrpfomkcualr th tdf tljaf.paywhhm gfocfs clo jf scrfwfm th t
kstkon paywhhm gfocf, jut K usf tdfs
wdfo K le rfslwkon th tdf elxkeuplckty hg ey jlomslw, ljhut 7< ⁍ : ko
Vsf eftla nukmf jahcis, sft cahsf
Lnlko, skepaf ks tdf wly th nh. ^dtkon up ey jlomslw ko <;>=, K thhi h
eftla nukmf jahcis lom squlrfm tdfkr
kon glcfs lnlkost tdf skmf hg tdf wdey jfocd nrkomfr, jfkon clrfgua th
tdf jahcis ghr squlrf. K dlvf oht d
rfpalcf tdfe hr rfsqulrf tdfe skocf]df sfqufocf ghr sfttkon tdf
jahcis ks ls ghaahws. Vopaun tdf slw
tdf nukmfs wfaa jlci, tfoskho tdf lom tdfo spko kt l gfw tkefs jlciwl
ghrwlrm jy dlom. Ohw turo ho tdf sl
lmbust tdf trlcikon hg tdf jalmf th cf
ho tdf uppfr wdffa.Ofxt, turo hgg tdf slw lnlko, lom
tdf nukmf lssfejay ghrwlrm sh td
grhot hg tdf jahcis laknos wktd tdf j
tdf jalmf‛s nuaafts. ]dfo lmbust flcd
jahci th wktdko tdf tdkciofss hg ckn
plpfr, hr 0.00< ko., hg tdf jalmf. ]afo scrfw ekndt puaa tdf jahcis ko
wdfo tdfy lrf tkndtfofm, sh tdks p
]df jalmf wfam eust jf sehhtd.
L nhhm slwjalmf cheploy wkaa
wfam jalmfs prfcksfay lom nrkom
tdf wfamfm lrfl galt. Lgtfr yhu
dlvf sft tdf nukmfs, turo tdf wdffa
jy dlom th jf surf tdf wfam plssfs
tdrhund tdf nukmfs sehhtday.
Cahsfr tdlo yhu ekndt tdkoi. Eloy pfhpaf usf l mhaalr jkaa ghr sfttkon tdf jahcis, wdkcdiffps tdfe 0.003 ko. lwly grhe flcd skmf. Cknlrfttf plpfr (hr l gffafr nlunf) wkaa sft flcd
jahci cahsfr th 0.00< ko. lwly, rfsuatkon ko sehhtdfr, ehrf prfcksf cuts.
Htdfr kephrtlot nukmf sfttkons. ]df nukmf ls-
sfejay sdhuam jf lmbustfm sh tdlt tdf eftla jahcis
rfelko bust jfdkom tdf jalmf‛s nuaafts. ]dfo tdf
tdrust jflrkon ks sft < ⁍ 3: ko. jfdkom tdf jalmf, ls
sdhwo, sh kt chotlcts tdf jalmf hoay murkon usf.
L sft hg eftla nukmf jahcis wkaa iffp yhur jalmfs ho trlci ghr eloy yflrs. ]df
ify ks th sft tdfe vfry cahsf th tdf jalmf lom bust jfdkom tdf nuaafts.
ZFPALCFEFO] NVKMFS LZFO‛] OFCFSSLZ[ ]kp =
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N3=
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chuam rfqukrf hof hr twh lttfepts. ^ktd
prlctkcf, yhu wkaa jf ljaf th lmbust tdf
nukmfs jy fyf, ahhikon ghr tdf selaafstcrlci hg akndt jftwffo tdf jalmf lom tdf
nukmf jahcis.
Alst, jrkon tdf tdrust jflrkon ko tdf rflrth wktdko < ⁍ 3: ko. hg tdf jalmf. ]dks jflr-
kon ks tdf hoay plrt tdlt rfqukrfs rfpalckon,
wdfo kt jfchefs stkgg hr sclrrfm. Jut kt ks l
stlomlrm plrt lom clo jf jhundt ko ehstluthehtkvf- hr jflrkon-suppay dhusfs.
^ktd tdf nukmf jahcis sft tdks cahsf, lom
wktd tdf jlci hg tdf nuaafts bust laknofm wktd tdf grhot hg tdf jahcis, tdfrf ks oh
rhhe ghr tdf jalmf th twkst hr ghr tdf tfftd
th dkt tdf eftla nukmf jahcis.Kg K tdhundt tdfrf wls shef lmvlotlnf th
rfpalckon tdf nukmfs hr tdf jahcis, tdfo K
whuam, jut K gkom tdf hrknkola systfe nkvfs
ef fxcfaafot rfsuats. ^ktd tdf jalmf lom
gfocf laknofm prhpfray, tdf eftla nukmfjahcis lrf oht rujjkon chostlotay lnlkost
hof skmf hg tdf jalmf hr tdf htdfr lom
crfltkon grkctkho dflt.]df ahwfr nukmfs lrf sft ko tdf slef
wly ls tdf uppfr hofs, tdhund K hgtfo
aflvf tdfe jlcifm sakndtay lwly grhe tdf
jalmf, uoafss K le rfslwkon l plrtkcualraymkggkcuat pkfcf hg whhm. K dlvf whrifm ko
sfvfrla sdhps ko Furhpf, lom ohof hg tdf
jlomslws K usfm tdfrf dlm ahwfr jflrkonlssfejakfs.
Gffm sthci wktd ekam prfssurf ^ktd tdf slw prhpfray sft up, kt ks ofc-
fsslry th palcf hoay twh hg yhur gkonfrs
lnlkost tdf whripkfcf2 [hu sdhuam j
th usf hof gkonfr th pusd tdf sthci l
htdfr th dham kt lnlkost tdf rkp gfocf.
dlvf th usf tdf jutt hg yhur dlom th
tdf sthci, sheftdkon ks wrhon”fktd
jalmf ks muaa hr kt ks oh ahonfr trlho tdf cfotfrakof hg tdf uppfr wdf
ks ekslaknofm wktd tdf gfocf, clusk
whhm th jkom.
Vsf ekam jut choskstfot gffm prflaahwkon tdf jalmf th mh tdf whri
slwmust eust dlvf l cdlocf th jf c
grhe tdf ifrg. Ghr slgfty, hocf yhurkon gkonfrs lrf wktdko 7 ko. hg tdf
usf l pusd stkci.
Ekcdlfa Ghrtuof mfsknos lom jukams gurokt
Alifgkfam, Hot., Clolml.
Chaafct must lt twh phkots. Eloy jlomslws dlvf must chaafctkho
jfahw tdf cuttkon lrfl, jut Ghrtuof lash rfcheefoms kostlaakon
l vlcuue phrt lt tdf jhtthe afgt hg tdf ahwfr wdffa. Kg must lom
pktcd jukam up ho tdf tkrfs, tdf jalmf wkaa oht trlci prhpfray. Kostlaal jrusd (rkndt) th rfehvf must grhe tdf ahwfr wdffa.
Slwmust fxtrlctkho ks vfry kephrtlot. ^hhm must wkaa nft
cheprfssfm hoth tdf ahwfr wdffa jy tdf rfvhavkon jalmf.
]df rfsuatkon jueps wkaa clusf tdf jalmf th vkjrltf lom
wlomfr hgg cfotfr.
Eloy slws prhvkmf ghr shef must fxtrlctkho mkrfctay jfahw
tdf cuttkon lrfl, jut tdlt kso‛t fohund. Lttlcd l sfchom mustpkciup lt tdf ahwfr afgt chrofr, wdfrf tdf lkr currfot nfofr-
ltfm jy tdf ahwfr wdffa elifs must lccueualtf.
Lash, lttlcd l whhmfo jrusd wktd stkgg olturla jrkstafs th
tdf grlef hg tdf slw sh tdlt kt chotkoulaay caflos hgg tdf
ahwfr wdffa. ]df ahwfr must phrt wkaa cltcd tdf mfjrks.
LMM MVS] CHAAFC]KHO ]H IFFP [HVZ SL^ ZVOOKON ^FAA]kp 6
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Ehst whhmwhrifrs lrf glekaklr wktd tdf jlskc guoctkho hgprfss, jut oht fvfryhof iohws dhw th squffzf tdf nrfltf
sltkakty lom pfrghrelocf hut hg tdks whhmwhrikon elkostl
]df gkrst stfp ks th elif surf tdf elcdkof ks mrkaakontdlt lrf strlkndt lom truf, pfrpfomkcualr th tdf tljaf. Ghr
trhujafsdhhtkon ho l mrkaa prfss, yhu‛aa offm lo lccurltf s
l mflmjahw dleefr, l mkla komkclthr wktd l elnoftkc jlsf
afontd hg mrkaa rhm (lvlkaljaf lt elcdkof sdhps lom eloy dlr
sthrfs, ls wfaa ls jy elka hrmfr).
Pdhths2 Lsl G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
Mrkaa Prfss]df rkndt jkts, bkns, lom tfcdokqufs lmm vfrsltkakty
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
Hrknkolaay mfsknofm ls l thha ghr elcdkoksts, tdf mrkaa prfssdls jfchef l stlomlrm gkxturf ko whhmwhrikon sdhps.
Kt ks clpljaf hg mrkaakon jhtd selaa lom alrnf dhafs ehrf
lccurltfay lom slgfay tdlo l dlomdfam mrkaa, lom kt dls l jukat-komfptd sthp. ]df rlci-lom-pkokho prfsskon lctkho hg tdf elcdkof
nkvfs flsy afvfrlnf ghr jhrkon alrnf dhafs ko dlrm eltfrkla. ]drhw
ho l skepaf, sdhp-jukat tljaf lom gfocf, lom yhu lmm tdf ljkaktyth supphrt lom stljkakzf alrnf lom selaa whripkfcfs ko prfcksf,
rfpfltljaf phsktkhos.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N37
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Squlrfofss ks l eust. Lnlko, tdf pkfcf hg mrkaa rhm ks dfapgua.
Mrkaa-prfss tljafs kocaumf l skmf-th-skmf lmbustefot. Kg tdf tljaf kso
squlrf grhe grhot th jlci, yhu‛aa dlvf th sdke tdf sdhp-jukat luxkakl
tljaf (sff mrlwkons, ghaahwkon plnf).
L whjjay cduci clo jf chrrfctfm. [hu‛aa offm l mkla komkclthr lo
shef mrkaa rhm th tfst ghr ruohut. Kg yhu gkom ehrf tdlo 0.006 ko. hg
whjjaf, usf l mflmjahw dleefr th iohci tdf cduci grff. Caflo l nuoi hgg tdf tlpfr, lom rfkostlaa tdf cduci.
]df ehst kephrtlot glcthr ghr lccurltf mrkaakon ks tdf squlrfofsshg tdf tljaf th tdf jkt. Vsf tdf squlrf th mftfrekof kg tdf tljaf
ks pfrpfomkcualr th tdf cduci. Kg tdf tljaf ks hut hg squlrf grhe
skmf th skmf, gkxkon kt ks l skepaf elttfr hg ahhsfokon tdf jhat tdltsfcurfs tdf tljaf, elikon lo lmbustefot, lom tkndtfokon tdf jhat.
Kg tdf tljaf ks hut hg squlrf grhe grhot th jlci, tdf luxkaklry tljaf
(lo fssfotkla lccfsshry ghr loy mrkaa prfss, sdhwo ho tdf ofxtplnf) clo jf sdkeefm th chepfosltf.
Kg yhu dlvf l mkla komkclthr, usf kt lom tdf afontd hg mrkaa rhm dfam
ko tdf cduci th cdfci tdf cduci ghr ruohut. Loy whjjaf sdhuamjf afss tdlo 0.006 ko. eflsurfm lt < ko. grhe tdf blws. Kg tdfrf ks
loy ehrf whjjaf tdlo tdks, jkts wkaa tflr tdf rke hg l dhaf upho
fotry lom rf-fotry.
Kg tdf cduci ks oht chocfotrkc th tdf sdlgt, usf l mflmjahw dle-efr th iohci tdf cduci grff hg tdf sdlgt, lom cdfci tdf tlpfr
th elif surf kt‛s caflo lom sehhtd. Vsf l rln lom shef shavfot th
caflo tdf tlpfr. Loytdkon ehrf ljrlskvf tdlo stffa whha wkaacdlonf tdf tlpfr lom wflifo tdf jhom. Zfpalcf tdf cduci lom
rfcdfci tdf ruohut.
^dfo rfkostlaakon tdf cduci, yhu clo lonaf tdf dleefr jahwth nft kt th sflt prhpfray ho cfotfr. Lt tdlt phkot, kg yhu lrf stkaa
eflsurkon thh eucd ruohut, rfehvf tdf cduci lom cdfci tdf
]uof-up ks qukci jut cruckl
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L pko ks tdf skepafst sthp. Kt hggfrs
l qukci wly th iffp l whripkfcf grhe
spkookon (ljhvf). ]df gfocf whris wfaa
ghr dhafs ko l rhw (rkndt). ]df ]-trlcis
lom calep dlomafs elif ghr qukci
lmbustefot lom l sfcurf nrkp.
VSKON
]DF ]LJAF
Calep dlomafs
]ljaf, 3 ⁍ =-ko. paywhhm,
<4 ko. mffp jy
37 ko. wkmf
]-trlcis, <:< ⁍ : ko.
lplrt, ho cfotfr
Slcrkgkckla jhlrm, < ⁍ :-ko.
paywhhm, => ⁍ 4 ko. sq.,< ⁍ =-ko. rlmkus lt chrofrs
Caflrlocf dhaf,
<< ⁍ : ko. mkl.
Gfocf, 3 ⁍ =-ko. paywhhm
3 ko. mffp jy :< ⁍ : ko
tlaa jy 36< ⁍ : ko. ahon
Zltcdftkon
calep dlomaf
]-trlci
]rklonualr jrlcf,
naufm lom olkafm
Fom 3 ⁍ = kojy :
wkmf
= ko
Dlrmwhhm supphrt j
< ko. sq. jy 33 ko. ah
oflr grhot fmnf, iff
tljaf galt.
Skepaf whri sthp,3 ⁍ = ko. mkl. jy 3 ⁍ = ko.
tdkci, naufm hoth3 ⁍ 4-ko. mhwfa
Ouefrhus3 ⁍ 4-ko. dhafs
ghr whri sthp
Lttlcdefot caflts lrf mfsknofm
th gkt l spfckgkc mrkaa-prfss tljaf
lom laahw tdf luxkaklry tljaf thsakmf flskay ho lom hgg.
Jhats, < ⁍ = ko. mkl.,
chuotfrjhrfm
koth tljaf
7-ko. rlmkus
lt chrofrs
<4 ko.
Luxkaklry tljaf ks l eust]dks skepaf, sdhpelmf tljaf supphrts ahon whripkfcfs lom hggfrs l ouejfr hg wlys
th ahcltf lom sfcurf tdfe. Kt kocaumfs l slcrkgkckla jlcifr jhlrm th fakekoltf jahwhut
ho tdf jlcis hg whripkfcfs.
37 ko.
Zljjft, < ⁍ 4 ko.
prfvfots mfjr
lggfctkon whri
laknoefot.
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tlpfr ktsfag. [hu ekndt dlvf th chotlct tdf
elouglcturfr th rfpalcf tdlt sdlgt.
Kg yhu lrf l jkt ehrf lejktkhus, tdf rfst hg
tdf mrkaa prfss chefs lplrt ghr caflokon lomaujrkcltkho, wdkcd wkaa sehhtd hut loy stkciy
lctkho. Lash, kg yhu ohtkcf fxcfsskvf vkjrltkho
wdfo tdf prfss ks ruookon, kt ely jf clusfmjy phhr-qulakty hr ham W-jfats. ]dfsf clo jf
rfpalcfm wktd sfnefotfm jfats.
Ohtf th afgtkfs2 Eloy elcdkofs clo jf sftup ghr afgt-dlomfm crloi hpfrltkho skepay
jy swlppkon tdf rfturo sprkon lom dlomaf
lssfejay skmf-ghr-skmf.
Lo luxkaklry tljaf ks l eustFvfo tdhund eloy mrkaa prfssfs lrf usfm
fxcauskvfay ghr whhmwhrikon, tdfy stkaalrf fqukppfm wktd l elcdkokst-hrkfotfm
tljaf tdlt tfoms th jf thh selaa ghr eloy whhmwhrikon hp-
frltkhos. Lo luxkaklry tljaf tdlt jhats th tdf mrkaa-prfss tljafnrfltay fodlocfs vfrsltkakty lom slgfty. L whhm hr efalekof
surglcf ks lash ikomfr th whripkfcfs. Ey vfrskho chosksts hg l3 ⁍ =-ko. pkfcf hg vfoffr-chrf paywhhm, wktd lauekoue ]-trlcis kosft
th lccheehmltf l gfocf lom vlrkhus dham-mhwos.]drhund-dhafs wkaa tflr hut wktdhut l grfsd jlcifr jhlrm jf-
ahw tdf dhaf. K kosft l selaa, slcrkgkckla pkfcf hg paywhhm koth tdf
luxkaklry tljaf. Ghr crktkcla dhafs, gakp hr rhtltf tdf jhlrm th gkoml caflo lrfl, lom rfpalcf kt wdfo kt ks rkmmafm wktd dhafs. ]df
rfpalcfljaf kosfrt lash laahws tdf jhtthe fom hg l slomkon mrue
th jf sft jfahw tdf tljaf surglcf (sff pdhth, jfahw rkndt).
Ghur jlskc sfttkons]dfrf lrf l gfw skepaf sfttkons ho l mrkaa prfss. ]df ehst grfqufot
lmbustefot yhu‛aa elif ks tkndtfokon lom ahhsfokon tdf cduci. Vsf
laa tdrff tkndtfokon ahcltkhos th jf surf flcd blw ks wfaa-sfltfm,
fspfcklaay wktd jkn jkts. ]dks lash clo dfap th cfotfr tdf jkt.
]h lccheehmltf vlrkhus tdkciofssfs hg whripkfcfs lom vlrk-hus afontds lom typfs hg thhas, yhu‛aa lmbust tdf tljaf quktf hgtfo.
Vsulaay tdks eflos crloikon tdf tlj
lom mhwo l nflr rlci ho tdf supph
ueo, lom ahcikon kt ko palcf. Ehst
lash clo jf tkatfm ghr lonafm dhafs.Kt lash ks kephrtlot th eltcd tdf
th tdf jkt. Ghr whhmwhrikon, tdks mh
dlvf th jf lo fxlct sckfocf. Jlskclaa
sdhuam oht ruo loy jkt glstfr tdlo 3,00
lom yhu sdhuam sahw tdf spffm cho
ljay ghr jknnfr jkts. Ghr fxlepaf, l <-k
jkt sdhuam ruo lt 300 rpe th 600 r
dlrmwhhm. Ho ehmfrltfay prkcfm
prfssfs, yhu‛aa dlvf th turo hgg tdf el
th cdlonf spffms jy ehvkon tdf jlcrhss stfppfm puaafys. Shef dflvkf
elcdkofs hggfr kogkoktfay vlrkljaf
tdlt clo jf cdlonfm ho tdf gay.Alst, yhu hcclskholaay wkaa usf tdf
sthp. Ho eloy mrkaa prfssfs, tdks ks l rhtltkon chaalr ahcltf
dkom tdf gffm dlomaf. Dkndfr-fom elcdkofs dlvf l jfttfr sl vfrtkcla rhm tdlt trlvfas wktd tdf qukaa, wktd sthp chaalrs
tdf mfptd.
Slgfty2 Spko lom cakej lrf tdf fofekfs]wh olsty fvfots tdlt clo hccur wdfo mrkaakon dhafs lrf sp
cakej. Kg l jkt nrljs tdf whhm”grhe thh glst l gffm rltf,
cuttkon fmnf, hr l summfo cdlonf ko mfoskty hg eltfrkla paywhhm)”tdf whri clo nh grhe zfrh th tdf mrkaa‛s rpe
kostlot, l phtfotklaay mlonfrhus sktultkho.
Laehst loy typf hg sthp wkaa prfvfot spko. K mrkaafm l sf3 ⁍ 4-ko.-mkl. dhafs ko ey luxkaklry tljaf, koth wdkcd K skepay
mhwfafm sthp. Kt whris qukciay ghr pkfcfs hg laehst loy sk
sdlpf. Bust jf surf tdlt tdf whri ks lnlkost tdf sthp wdfo ynko. L gfocf wkaa nkvf tdf slef prhtfctkho, jut kt sheftkefs
ls qukci hr chovfokfot th usf, fspfcklaay wktd hmm-sdlpfm p
Mrkaa-jkt cakej ks lohtdfr mlonfr. ]dks hccurs ls l alrnf jkt
tdrhund tdf jlci surglcf hg tdf whhm lom bles ko tdfcrfltkon l rfvfrsf scrfw lctkho. ]dks clusfs tdf whri th cake
]-trlcis lmm vfrsltkakty. ]rlcis ko tdf tljaf lom gfocf elif kt flsy th
sfcurf tdf gfocf, fom sthp, lom vlrkhus dham-mhwos.
Slomkon mrues lrf nhhm ghr curvfm whri. ]df cuthut ko tdks tlj
laahws tdf mrue th chotlct tdf whripkfcf prhpfray.
Ghr nrfltfst lccurlcy wdfo uskon
jrlm-phkot lom twkst jkts, usf l cfotfr
puocd jfghrf mrkaa kon.
Mrkaakon tkp
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Elif l W-jahci
ghr rhuom sthci.
Vsf l dham-mhwo
ghr fvfo ehrf
stljkakty lom
lccurlcy.
]kat tdf tljaf ghr fom-nrlko lom lonafm dhafs. ]h mrkaa koth tdf foms
hg ahon pkfcfs, turo tdf tljaf th ;0° lom usf tdf luxkaklry tljaf‛s gfocf,
sthps, lom dham-mhwos th sfcurf tdf whri (ljhvf). Ghr lonafm dhafs sucd
ls tdrhund-ehrtksfs ko tdf thp hg l sthha (rkndt), tkat tdf tljaf lom usf tdf
gfocf ls l whri sthp.
Htdfr mrkaakon tfcdokqufs mrkaa jkt uotka sheftdkon sthps kt. Kg tdf whripkfcf caflrs td
hr gfocf, cakej qukciay clo aflm th spko. ]df curf ks th cale
pkfcf th tdf tljafthp. K usf l selaa thnnaf calep ehuotfm
]-trlcis ko ey luxkaklry tljaf. K lash usf tdfsf caleps ho smrkaakon bkns tdlt K elif ghr rfpftktkvf tlsis. ]dfy clo jf eh
ho tlaa whhm jahcis ghr calepkon tdkcifr hr tlaafr ktfes.
Mrkaakon caflo, lccurltf dhafsFxpfrkfocf wkaa nkvf yhu l gffa ghr tdf prhpfr gffm rltf,
wktd loy elcdkof, mho‛t pusd thh dlrm. Aft tdf jkt cut, puaatdf crloi dlomaf bust fohund th iffp cdkps chekon stflmk
Ghr mffp dhafs lom lash ghr cfrtlko jkts (sucd ls Ghrsto
ks kephrtlot th caflr cdkps hgtfo. Mh tdks jy akgtkon tdf jkt
laehst, jut oht quktf, aflvfs tdf dhaf. Puaakon tdf jkt laa tdhut hg tdf dhaf clo tflr tdf thp fmnf ho tdf wly hut hr ko
Ghr tdf uatkeltf lccurlcy ko ahcltkon l dhaf, usf clrfgua
wktd l sdlrp pfocka, lom tdfo usf l cfotfr puocd th palcf wdfrf tdf crhssdlkrs efft. Ho ehst jkts, tdf tkp wka a nr
th tdf cfotfr hg tdf mkvht. ^dfo tdks dlppfos, th lvhkm jf
tdf jkt hr mrkaakon l crhhifm dhaf, laahw tdf whripkfcf thsakndtay koth l jfttfr phsktkho.
Vsf l W-jahci th mrkaa rhuom sthci” L skepaf W-trhu
koth l pkfcf hg dflvy sthci wkaa iffp rhuom sthci grhe
wdkaf jfkon mrkaafm. Lonaf tdf tljaf hr elif l bkn ghr lonafm dhafs”Kg yhu
tdf tljaf, tdf selaa sclaf wkaa hggfr l glkray lccurltf rflmko
prfcksf lonaf ks offmfm, elif l sftup jahci ho tdf tljaftdf fxlct lonaf, lom usf kt th sft tdf mrkaa-prfss tljaf th tdf m
lonaf wktd tdf mrkaa jkt. Ghrstofr jkts whri jfst ghr mrkaakon
dhafs, jfclusf tdf cuttkon rke wkaa iffp tdf jkt grhe wlomPkvht tdf tljaf ghr fom-nrlko mrkaakon”]h mrkaa koth td
nrlko hg l ahon whripkfcf, sucd ls wdfo mrkaakon jfmphst sf
pkvht tdf tljaf th ;0° lom usf dham-mhwos th lttlcd tdf whr
th tdf tljaf. ]wkst jkts whri jfttfr tdlo jrlm-phkot hr Gh
jkts ghr mrkaakon koth fom nrlko.
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Vsf tdf gfocf wdfo mrkaakon ehrtksfs”]h jhrf tdf sfqufo-
tkla dhafs tdlt rhund hut l ehrtksf, usf l Ghrstofr jkt lom hvfralp
flcd succfsskvf dhaf jy ljhut :6% (sff pdhth, p. 37). ]dks aflvfs
akttaf th caflo hut wktd l cdksfa, crfltkon l qukci, lccurltf ehrtksf wktdhut tdf offm ghr l dhaahw-cdksfa ehrtksfr.
Vsf dhaf slws ghr alrnf mkleftfrs”]h cut l alrnf dhaf fls-
kay ko eltfrklas up th << ⁍ :-ko. tdkci, usf l dhaf slw. Dhaf slws lrfprfssfm stffa cups wktd slwtfftd cut koth tdf rke. ]dfy lrf lvlka-
ljaf ko eloy skzfs, stlrtkon lt 3 ⁍ = ko. mkl. lom kocrflskon ko selaa
kocrfefots th hvfr 6 ko., lom tdfy ehuot ho lo kotfrcdlonfljaflrjhr wktd l cfotfrkon mrkaa jkt. ]df lssfejay cducis koth tdf mrkaa
prfss. Vsf sahwfr spffms ghr tdfsf thhas.
]df trkci ghr paun cuttfrs”Paun cuttfrs whri nrflt ghr cuttkon
fmnf-nrlko pauns tdlt chvfr scrfw dhafs. ]dfrf lrf jlskclaay twhtypfs2 Hof cuts l tlpfrfm paun lom tdf htdfr cuts l strlkndt paun.
]df jfst wly th cut pauns ks th usf sthci tdlt ks tdkcifr tdlo tdf
paun afontd, cut th tdf mfptd hg tdf paun cuttfr, lom tdfo elif lrfslwkon cut ho tdf jlomslw th grff tdf pauns.
Mrkaa prfssfs lrf nrflt ghr slomkon Slomkon mrues whri wfaa ghr fmnf-slomkon, fspfcklaay wdfo tdf
pkfcf dls lo krrfnualr hr curvfm fmnf. Ghr l sehhtd, glkr curvf, usf
ls alrnf l mrue ls phsskjaf, lom iffp tdf prfssurf akndt lom tdf
pkfcf ehvkon stflmkay. Mrues lrf lvlkaljaf ko lt aflst l chupaf hg vlrkltkhos, hof tdlt tlifs cyakomrkcla slomkon saffvfs lom lohtdfr
tdlt lccfpts galt slomplpfr. ▬
Zhalom Bhdosho ks l whhmwhrifr lom thha fotdusklst ko Slui Zlpkms, Ekoo.,
lom l chotrkjutkon fmkthr th Gkof ^hhmwhrikon .
Lo fssfotkla sft hg jkts
Ghr ehst mrkaakon tlsis ko whhm, usf jrlm-phkot
jkts. ]dfy dlvf l cfotfr spur ghr lccurltf
ahcltkho, hutfr spurs ghr cafloay cuttkon tdf
whhm gkjfrs lt tdf rke hg tdf dhaf, lom dfakcla
gautfs tdlt qukciay fvlcultf wlstf, laahwkon
mffp dhafs wktdhut chostlotay jlcikon hut
tdf jkt th caflr wlstf. ]dfy lash cut l
rfaltkvfay galt jhtthe.^ktd tdfkr strlkndt aflmkon fmnfs lom iokgf-
fmnf hr thhtdfm cuttkon rke, Ghrstofr jkts cut
fvfo caflofr dhafs, wktd galttfr jhtthes, tdlo
jrlm-phkot jkts. Jfclusf tdfy rfnkstfr hgg tdfkr
rke, tdfsf uokquf jkts clo fotfr lonafm sur-
glcfs lom turofm whri cafloay lom lccurltfay.
]df hoay mrlwjlci ks tdlt tdfy eust jf rlksfm
grfqufotay th caflr cdkps.
]wkst jkts lrf kofxpfoskvf whridhrsfs
tdlt whri wfaa ghr jhrkon fom-nrlko dhafs lom,
wdfo sdlrp, cut caflo fohund ghr eloy whhm-
whrikon offms. ]dfy wkaa iffp l sdlrp fmnf
wdfo mrkaakon dlrmwhhm, chephsktf eltfrkla,
palstkc, lom shgt hr gfrrhus eftlas. Hof nrflt
gflturf hg l twkst jkt ks tdlt kt ks rfaltkvfay
flsy th sdlrpfo ho l jfocd nrkomfr.
Strlkndt dhafs lrfo‛t kmflaay suktfm
th trlmktkhola whhm scrfws. Ghr jfttfr dhamkon
phwfr, tlpfrfm twkst jkts lash mrkaa tdf chuo-
tfrskoi lom fvfo clo mrkaa l chuotfrjhrf ghr
paunnkon.
Ghr chuotfrskoikon lahof, l ^famho-styaf
chuotfrskoi nkvfs tdf caflofst rfsuats.
Mrkaa grhe jhtd skmfs. ^ktd tdf whripkfcf sfcurfm slgfay, mrkaa pl
tdrhund tdf gkrst skmf (<) sh tdlt tdf cfotfr jkt phps tdrhund tdf j
]dfo gakp tdf sthci lom gkom tdf cfotfr (:). Gkolaay, gkoksd tdf cut lo
ehvf tdf paun (3). Jfclusf kt ks hoay dlag-jurkfm ko tdf slw, tdf pau
jf iohcifm grff eucd ehrf flskay.
3:<
GHZS]OFZ
]LPFZFM
]^KS]
MZKAA ALZNF, CAFLO DHAFS ^K]D L DHAF SL
JZLM-PHK
CHVO]FZS
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Hutgffm tljaf Gfocf
Jlsf
Hutgffm tljaf
lmbustefot wdffa
Jalmf
Mfptd
nlunf
Hutgffm tljaf
ahci dlomaf
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
BhkotfrVsf tdks sdhp elkostl
th elif strlkndt, gal
jhlrms, paus tlpfrs lo
rhuomhvfrs, thJ [ B . S P F F ] B F O
]h rfmucf tflrhut, hrkfot tdf
fmnf nrlko sh tdlt kt lonafs
mhwo thwlrm tdf kogffm fom
hg tdf bhkotfr.
Lakno tdf hutgffm tljaf wk td
tdf lpfx hg tdf cut. ]hh ahw
lom yhu‛aa nft sokpf, l mfprfsskho
crfltfm wdfo tdf iokvfs mkn thh
mffpay koth tdf whhm. ]hh dknd
lom tdf whri wkaa juep tdf tljaf
lom yhur dloms chuam sakp.
Grfsday ekaafm sfctkho
Cuttfrdflm
Dhw l bhkotfr whris
]df dfkndt mkggfrfocf jftwffo
tdf kogffm lom hutgffm tljafs
mftfrekofs tdf mfptd hg cut. L
cut hg afss tdlo < ⁍ <7 ko. rfehvfs
ehst slwelris. Dflvkfr cuts lrf
ehrf prhof th tflrhut lom, ko tdf
fxtrfef, ikcijlci.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N=: Pdhths2 Stfvf Schtt9 mrlwkons2 Stfpdfo D
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htdfr afontdy sftups th tlpfr gurokturf afns,
gkt mhhrs, lom cut ahon cdlegfrs, jfvfas,
lom rhuomhvfrs. Dfrf‛s dhw th nft tdf ehst
grhe tdks pkvhtla elcdkof.
]df guomlefotlas hg caflo, slgf cuts]dfrf lrf shef jlskc nukmfakofs ghr hp-
frltkon tdf bhkotfr slgfay lom ghr nfttkon
dknd-qulakty rfsuats.
Ghr slgfty, iffp tdf nulrm ko palcf lom
usf l pusd plm lom l pusd stkci wdfo-
fvfr phsskjaf th iffp yhur gkonfrs lwly
grhe tdf cuttfrdflm. K usf l pusd plm lom
l pusd stkci ghr laa glcf-bhkotkon hpfrl-
tkhos lom l pusd stkci ghr laa fmnf cuts ho
jhlrms afss tdlo 3 ko. wkmf. ]df ekokeue
slgf afontd tdlt clo jf cut ho ehst bhkotfrs
ks <: ko. Vsf l rhaafr stlom hr htdfr supphrt
ghr ahon hr dflvy jhlrms.
Ghr ehst eltfrkla, hrkfot tdf sthci sh tdlt
tdf nrlko lonafs mhwo thwlrm tdf kogffm
skmf hg tdf cuttfrdflm. Ghr whhms wktd
kotfralcfm hr curay nrlko, elif akndt tfst
cuts th mftfrekof tdf jfst gffm mkrfctkho.Chocfotrltf ho lppaykon akndt mhwowlrm
prfssurf th tdf surglcf hg tdf jhlrm ls yhu
gffm kt hvfr tdf cuttfrdflm lt l ehmfrltf,
choskstfot plcf. Lppay hoay fohund prfs-
surf th prfvfot tdf jhlrm grhe jhu
ho tdf cuttfr. Kg yhu mfgafct tdf jhw
murkon tdf cut, kt wkaa rfelko lgtfrw
Gffmkon sthci koth tdf cuttfrdfl
qukciay wkaa clusf tflrhut hr l wlv
glcf. Jut kg yhu nh thh sahway, yh
muaakon tdf jalmfs hr jurokon tdf
Sthppkon ko tdf ekmmaf hg l cut wka
l juroksdfm mkepaf hr l juro elri
Bhkotkon cuppfm, jhwfm, hr twkstfm Lgtfr rhund-cuttkon sthci sakndtay hv
tdf ofxt stfp ko crfltkon mkefoskhof
jfr ks glcf-bhkotkon. ]df nhla ks l ga
glcf tdlt wkaa rkmf ho tdf palofr jfm
yhu usf tdlt elcdkof th jrkon tdf
th tdf mfskrfm tdkciofss. Ghr ehst j
elif yhur gkrst bhkotfr plss wktd td
hr cup glckon mhwo.
]h glcf-bhkot jhlrms sdhrtfr tdlo = gt
oflr tdf cuttfrdflm lom usf yhur afgt d
lppay akndt mhwowlrm prfssurf wktd
plm oflr tdf aflmkon fom hg tdf sthci
l pusd stkci hvfr tdf trlkakon fmnf clo rflcd kt cheghrtljay. Kg oht, stlrt
jy gffmkon tdf jhlrm wktd yhur rknd
lom tdfo swktcd th
stkci jfghrf yhu
]df gkrst stfp ko loy whhmwhrikon
prhbfct ks th jfnko wktd strlkndt, galt
sthci. Kt ks tdf ghuomltkho hg qulakty
whri. ]dlt‛s wdy tdf bhkotfr”l elcdkof
mfsknofm th strlkndtfo lom galttfo rhund
jhlrms”ks cfotrla th fvfrytdkon K mh ls l
whhmwhrifr.
L bhkotfr chosksts hg l dhrkzhotla cuttfr-
dflm ehuotfm jftwffo twh mflm-galt,
clst-krho tljafs tdlt skt fom th fom. L jhlrm
pusdfm afontdwksf lcrhss tdf elcdkof
plssfs hvfr tdf cuttfrdflm ls kt ehvfs grhe
hof tljaf th tdf htdfr. ]df hutgffm tljaf
ks sft th eltcd tdf dfkndt hg tdf iokvfs,
wktd tdf kogffm skmf sakndtay ahwfr. ]dks
dfkndt mkggfrfocf mftfrekofs tdf mfptd hg
cut. ]df elcdkof qukciay crfltfs l galt glcf
ho l rhund jhlrm hr l strlkndt fmnf tdlt ks
squlrf th tdlt galt glcf, jhtd cruckla stfps
ko ekaakon sthci th
jf galt, strlkndt,
lom squlrf.
Jut tdf bhkotfr
dlomafs ehrf tdlotdfsf chrf hpfrltkhos.
Kt hggfrs l chovfokfot
latfroltkvf th htdfr thhas tdlt
offm spfckla tfepaltfs, bkns, hr
Kogffm tljaf
lmbustefot
wdffa
IFFP L S]LJAF S]LOCF
LOM PZH]FC] [HVZ DLOMS
Mkstrkjutf yhur wfkndt fvfoay lom try th rfelko ko hof spht uoafss yhu‛rf
whrikon wktd lo fspfcklaay ahon jhlrm. Iffp l pusd stkci lom l pusd plm
oflr tdf bhkotfr lom usf tdfe hgtfo, fspfcklaay wdfo whrikon wktd
selaa sthci tdlt wkaa put yhur dloms oflr tdf cuttfrdflm.
L pusd plm dfaps fxfrt
mhwowlrm prfssurf ls
tdf jhlrm rkmfs lcrhss
tdf cuttfrdflm.
L pusd stkci wktd
l caflt dfaps jrkon
tdf rflr hg tdf
jhlrm ghrwlrm.
Kogffm
tljaf
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dlom nfts oflr tdf cuttfr. Iffp tdf pusd plm
ko yhur afgt dlom phsktkhofm hvfr tdf gkrst gfw
kocdfs hg tdf hutgffm tljaf.
Ghr ahonfr jhlrms, K stlom lt tdf trlkakon
fom th stlrt. K gffm tdf cut wktd ey rkndt
dlom, swktcdkon th tdf pusd stkci ls tdf cut
prhnrfssfs. K iffp tdf pusd plm ko ey afgt
dlom ls glr ghrwlrm ls K clo rflcd cheghrt-
ljay, fxfrtkon akndt mhwowlrm prfssurf.
Ghr pkfcfs tdlt lrf jhwfm lom cuppfm
ho hpphsktf glcfs, elif tdf gkrst plss wktd
tdf jhwfm glcf mhwo. Vsf tdf pusd plm
th chotrha rhcikon, rfehvkon tdf ehst
eltfrkla grhe tdf ekmmaf hg tdf jhlrm‛s
wkmtd.
Bhkotfr jlskcs2 galttfokon tdf glcf lom squlrkon lo fmnf
CVP
Cup rfgfrs th tdf curvf lcrhss
tdf wkmtd hg l jhlrm lom ks
ehst prhohuocfm ko galtslwo
auejfr. [hu clo ekokekzf
wlstf ko bhkotkon jy rkppkon
rhund sthci jfghrfdlom koth
tdf olrrhwfr wkmtds yhu‛aa usfko yhur prhbfct.
JH^
Jhw ks tdf curvlturf hg l
jhlrm‛s glcf lahon kts afontd.
[hu clo rfmucf jhw ko l pkfcf
hg ahon sthci”lom ekokekzf
tdf wlstf ko bhkotkon”jy crhss-
cuttkon kt koth sdhrtfr afontds.
Galttfo l cuppfm jhlrm. Ekaa wktd tdf choclvf skmf glckon tdf
cuttfrdflm sh tdlt tdf jhlrm rfsts ho tdf twh ‑akps― hg tdf cup.
Mho‛t prfss mhwo dlrm ko tdf ekmmaf. Fxfrt bust fohund prfssurf
th iffp tdf sthci grhe cdlttfrkon ls kt crhssfs tdf cuttfrdflm.
]df gkrst plss sdhws rfsuats. ]df
tdlt chotlctfm tdf cuttfrdflm lrf g
Sujsfqufot plssfs wkaa wkmfo tdks l
uotka tdf fotkrf jhlrm dls jffo surg
Jhw, akif cup, sdhuam glcf tdf cuttfrdflm. ]h chrrfct l jhwfm
jhlrm, lppay akndt prfssurf lt tdf aflmkon lom trlkakon foms hg
tdf jhlrm. Mh oht prfss mhwo ko tdf jhwfm ekmmaf.
]df cuttfrdflm bhkots tdf foms h
jhlrm gkrst. Ho sujsfqufot plssfs
cuttfr wkaa tlif ehrf hg tdf sthci.
Ekohr twksts lrf oht mkggkcuat th mfla wktd,
jut alrnf twksts”kg keprhpfray kmfotkgkfm
lom elolnfm”clo prfvfot yhu grhe nft-
tkon tdf elxkeue tdkciofss hut hg l pkfcf.
Palcf tdf jhlrm ho l caflo, galt surglcf.
^ktd tdrff chrofrs thucdkon tdf tljaf,
nlunf tdf dfkndt hg tdf fafvltfm chrofr.
Ghr twkst hg < ⁍ 4 ko. hr afss, usf tdf pusd
plm th rhci tdf jhlrm sh tdlt twh mklnh-
ola chrofrs lrf thucdkon tdf kogffm tljaf
lom tdf htdfr twh chrofrs lrf fafvltfm
fqulaay. Palcf tdf pusd stkci lt tdf rflr
chrofr tdlt ks thucdkon tdf tljaf th lvhkm
mfgafctkon tdf rlksfm chrofrs. Zflssfss tdf
twkst lgtfr tdf gkrst plss.
Ghr jhlrms wktd alrnfr twkst, palcf
hg selaa vfoffr sdkes, ljhut 3 ⁍ =
< ko., uomfr tdf dknd chrofr lt tdf j
trlkakon fmnf sh tdlt tdf twh dknd c
lrf fafvltfm fqulaay. Bhkot ls kg yh
l ekohr twkst. Elif surf tdlt yhu
mfgafct tdf rlksfm chrofr ho tdf af
fmnf. Hof plss sdhuam rfmucf tdf
fohund tdlt sdkes lrf oht offmfm g
rfelkokon plssfs.
Strlkndtfokon crhhifm jhlrms Lgtfr yhu‛vf bhkotfm hof glcf gal
usfm tdf palofr th elif tdf hpphsk
plrlaafa, tdf ofxt ekaakon stfp ks t
]df bhkotfr palys twh cruckla rhafs ko squlrkon sthci. Lg tfr yhu cut sthci th rhund mkefoskhos,
usf tdf bhkotfr th galttfo hof glcf prkhr th tdkciofss palokon. Lgtfrwlrm, usf tdf bhkotfr lnlko
th strlkndtfo hof fmnf jfghrf rkppkon tdf jhlrm th gkola wkmtd.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N==
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]^KS]
]wkst hccurs wdfrf tdf twh
ahon fmnfs hg l jhlrm lrf
jhwfm th vlrykon mfnrffs
lom sh lrf oht plrlaafa. ]h
elxkekzf ykfam wdfo bhkotkon
twkstfm sthci, iffp tdf jhlrm
ls afvfa ls phsskjaf ls kt rkmfs
kts twh ahw chrofrs.
L akttaf sdkeekon clo dfap. Ekaa alrnf lehuots hg twkst
hut hg l jhlrm jy sdkeekon tdf dknd chrofr ko jlci th
ljhut tdf slef dfkndt ls tdf hpphsktf dknd chrofr.
]df gkrst p
ykfams twh
stlrtkon p
]df ahw ch
thucdkon t
tljaf lrf s
glcfm gkrst
sujsfqufo
plssfs, lp
prfssurf h
tdfsf chro
iffp tdf j
afvfa lom s
Fmnf-bhkot wktd tdf jhwfm hr crhhifm skmf mhwo. Vsf l pusd stkci lt tdf jlci fmnf gh
sthci afss tdlo 3 ko. wkmf, lahon wktd l pusd plm ko grhot ghr loytdkon olr rhwfr tdlo << ⁍ : ko
CZHHI
Fmnf-bhkotkon strlkndtfos l jhlrm‛s fmnf
jy rfehvkon crhhi, l choclvf curvf lahon
lo fmnf. ]df prhcfss lash elifs tdf fmnf
squlrf th hof glcf. [hu clo bhkot lo
fmnf jfghrf rhund-cuttkon sthci th crfltf
l rfgfrfocf surglcf ghr tdf slw‛s rkp gfocf.
lo fmnf th elif kt squlrf wktd tdf twh
glcfs. Ehst hg tdf tkef, K bhkot tdf crhhifm
hr choclvf fmnf.
Ghr slgfty, K fmnf-bhkot sthci tdlt‛s jf-
twffo << ⁍ : ko. lom 3 ko. wkmf uskon tdf tkp
hg ey tduej lom tdf skmf hg tdf komfx
gkonfr hg ey afgt dlom th nukmf tdf jhlrmlom iffp kt lnlkost tdf gfocf. K gffm tdf
sthci wktd l pusd stkci ko ey rkndt dlom
(sff pdhth, rkndt).
Ghr wkmfr jhlrms, K gffm lom nukmf tdf
cut grffdlom, jut K elif surf th dhhi l
gfw gkonfrs hr l tduej hvfr tdf thp hg
tdf bhkotfr‛s gfocf th prfvfot ey dloms
grhe sakppkon thwlrm tdf cuttfr. Ghr pkfcfs
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olrrhwfr tdlo << ⁍ : ko., K usf jhtd l pusd
plm lom l pusd stkci.
]df ehst fggkckfot wly th strlkndtfo l jlm-
ay crhhifm jhlrm ks wktd l sfrkfs hg cuts tdlt
stlrt lt tdf fom lom nh th tdf phkot wdfrf
tdf fmnf hg tdf jhlrm caflrs tdf cuttfr9 tdfo
rfvfrsf tdf jhlrm lom bhkot grhe tdf htdfr
fom. Mh tdks uotka ehst hg tdf crhhi ks rf-
ehvfm. Gkoksd up wktd lt aflst hof plss tdlt
ruos tdf afontd hg tdf jhlrm.
Lgtfr hof fmnf dls jffo bhkotfm, yhu clo
strlkndtfo tdf sfchom fmnf wktd l rkppkon
cut ho tdf tljafslw.
Elif tlpfrfm cuts th sdlpf hr gkt plrts Lehon htdfr tdkons, tlpfrfm cuts clo jf
usfm th strlkndtfo chovfx surglcfs, gkt mhhrs
lom mrlwfr glcfs th tdfkr hpfokons, hr ekaa
l tlpfrfm afn. Elif l tlpfrfm cut jy ahw-
frkon tdf whri hoth tdf cuttfrs wdkaf tdf
elcdkof ks ruookon. Clrfguaay puaa tdf jalmf
nulrm jlci wktd yhur afgt dlom hr pusd kt
lskmf wktd tdf fom hg tdf jhlrm. Palcf tdf
jhlrm‛s aflmkon fom ljhut < ⁍ : ko. hvfr tdf
oflr fmnf hg tdf hutgffm tljaf lom gffm tdf
cut ls ohrela. ]df lehuot hg tdf tlpfr ks
fqula th tdf mfptd hg tdf cut. Mfptd sfttkons
hg < ⁍ <7 ko. hr afss rfmucf tdf rksi hg tflrhut.
Euatkpaf cuts elif alrnfr tlpfrs.
]df typf hg tlpfr lom tdf prhphrtkhos hg
tdf pkfcf th jf tlpfrfm wkaa mftfrekof tdf
jfst wly th ahwfr tdf whri hoth tdf cuttfr.
]h ekaa l tlpfr ho tdf glcf hg l jhlrm, ho
tdf fmnf hg l ahon, olrrhw jhlrm, hr ho l
jhlrm tdlt wkaa rfcfkvf hoay l plrtkla tlpfr,
palcf tdf aflmkon fom hoth tdf hutgffm
tljaf. Ahwfr tdf oflr fom hg tdf jhlrm
hoth tdf kogffm tljaf.
]h tlpfr tdf fmnf hg wkmf jhlrms hr
cljkoft mhhrs, sft tdf trlkakon fmnf ho tdf
kogffm tljaf lom ahwfr tdf aflmkon
clrfguaay hoth tdf hutgffm tljaf. Oh
fvfo l prhpfray lmbustfm bhkotfr wka
l selaa mkvht wdfrf tdf whri wls ah
hoth tdf cuttfr. Kg tdf mkvht ks skno
caflo kt up wktd l akndt plss hvfr tdf
afontd lgtfrwlrm.
[hu lash clo usf tlpfrfm cu
strlkndtfo tdf jlci skmf hg l jhlr
ks jhwfm hr th strlkndtfo tdf chovf
hg l crhhifm jhlrm. Zhci tdf jhlrm
wlrm wktd tdf pusd stkci, fafvltko
grhot fmnf ljhvf tdf cuttfr lom ho
hutgffm tljaf. Flsf up ho tdf mhw
prfssurf ho tdf pusd stkci lom ahw
jhlrm hoth tdf cuttfr. Gffm tdf rfst
cut ls ohrela.
B. Spfftbfos elifs gurokturf lom cljkoftr
Nrffosjhrh, O.C.
Jfyhom tdf jlskcs2 wkmf jhlrms, tlpfrs, lom prhgkafs
Bhkotfr
gfocf
Sdhp-jukat
jalmf nulrm
Calep
]df tlsi ks
dlag gkoksdfm. Lo
koktkla plss surglc-
fs hof skmf hg tdf
jhlrm, jut aflvfs
tdf htdfr rhund. Kg
tdf rhund strkp ks
olrrhw, caflo kt up
wktd l dlompalof. Bhkot tdf htdfr skmf. ]df gkoksdfm surglcf
ely stkaa jf shefwdlt uofvfo lom rfqukrf
caflokon up wktd l dlompalof jfghrf kt ks
rflmy ghr tdf tdkciofss palofr.
<
:
GAL]]FOKON ^KMF JHLZMS
Glcf-bhkotkon jhlrms wkmfr tdlo yhur cuttfrdflm
rfqukrfs rfehvla hg tdf jalmf nulrm. Crfltf l ofw
jalmf nulrm jfghrf lttfeptkon tdks.
^
jh
Hu
tlj
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N=7
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Hoay l gfw plssfs lrf offmfm
th crfltf tdks juaaohsf. Lmbusttdf gfocf jlci lom ghrtd ls offm-
fm th cut tdf vlrkhus lonafs tdlt
lrf rfqukrfm. ]df euatkglcftfm
surglcf clo tdfo jf dlompalofm,
scrlpfm, hr slomfm sehhtd.
]kat tdf gfocf
jlci th jfvfa
olrrhw sthci. ]dks
laahws caflr lccfss
wktd pusd stkcis
lom pusd plms.
]lif clrf”vfry
olrrhw jhlrms tfom
th sakp lwly grhe
tdf gfocf.
]kat ghrwlrm th
jfvfa wkmfr
jhlrms. Ko tdks
wly, tdf sthci ks
afss akifay th jf
afvfrfm lwly grhe
tdf cuttfrdflm ls
yhu elif tdf plss.
JFWFAKON
OLZZH^ S]HCI
CVS]HE PZHGKAFS
]kat tdf gfocf th flskay cdlegfr tdf fmnfs hg l jhlrm lahon
kts afontd hr th ekaa jfvfas up th =6°. Chejkof jfvfas th
cut skepaf prhgkafs.
]lpfrkon l afn. Jfnko tdf tlpfr jy rfstkon tdf whripkfcf ho tdfhutgffm tljaf lom ahwfrkon kt hoth tdf cuttfrdflm.
]lif sfvfrla plssfs. Jfnko flcd plss ko tdf slef wly. Shho fohund, ttlpfr jfchefs prhohuocfm.
]LPFZKON L AFN
Ghr l plrtkla tlpfr, palcf tdf aflmkon fom ho tdf
hutgffm tljaf lom nfotay ahwfr tdf pkfcf hoth tdf
kogffm skmf jfghrf plsskon tdf whri hvfr tdf cuttfr.
JFWFAKON
^KMF JHLZMS
JVAAOHSF
PZHGKAF
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K‛vf jffo iohwo th spfom dhurs
kon hvfr dlom-cut mhvftlkas.
grft hvfr tdf alyhut, mrlwkon dl
lt flcd fom hg tdf rhw lom cr
lo lttrlctkvf alyhut jftwffo. Hocf K
ksgkfm, K ehvf ho th slwkon lom plrk
pkos, alykon hut tdf tlkas ls prfcksf
clo, tdfo ehrf slwkon lom plrkon th
up ho l nhhm gkt.K fobhy tdf cdlaafonfs lom tdf sl
tkho hg cuttkon mhvftlkas jy dlom. Sh
K mfckmfm th aflro dhw th cut mhv
wktd l bkn tdlt nukmfs l rhutfr, K
wktd l mfgkoktf jkls lnlkost loy sd
Jy tdf tkef K‛m gkoksdfm ey gkrst mrl
chuam lpprfckltf tdf lmvlotlnfs tdlt
tlka bkns hggfr.
L bkn‛s nrfltfst lssfts lrf spffm lo
hg cuttkon. Lgtfr yhu nh tdrhund l
koktkla sftup, kt tlifs vfry akttaf tkef
l aht hg pfrgfctay gkt mhvftlkas, ehr
chepfosltkon ghr tdf sftup tkef. L cmrlwfrs, l ruo hg jhx plrts, hr mrlw
lo fotkrf iktcdfo lrf kmfla lppakcltkh
hof hg tdfsf bkns. Hocf yhu mkla fvfr
ko, yhu chuam flskay cut laa tdf bhko
offm ko l chupaf hg dhurs.
]dfrf‛s l aflrokon curvf wktd mh
bkns, lom fvfry bkn sffes th dlvf kt
sft hg qukris. Jut ko ey fxpfrkfocf,
gua trkp tdrhund tdf kostructkho elou
l elolnfljaf pfrkhm hg trkla lom fr
laa kt tlifs th succfssguaay cut tkndt-
lttrlctkvf bhkots.
Kg yhu‛rf l jfnkookon whhmwhridlvfo‛t elstfrfm tdf dlom-cut mhvftl
clo laahw yhu th usf lo fxtrfefay
lttrlctkvf bhkot tdlt yhu ekndt htd
dlvf th aflvf hut hg yhur rfpfrthkrf.
Dhw tdfy whriMhvftlka bkns usf hof hr ehrf tfe
tdlt rfsfejaf tdf sprflm-hut gkonfr
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N=4
Mhvftlka BknsDhw th crfltf l chepafx bhkot tdf flsy wly
J [ L O K S S L I L P S L A F S
Pdhths2 Ml
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
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dlom9 nukmkon l rhutfr koth tdf splcfs jf-
twffo tdf gkonfrs crfltfs pkos hr tlkas, mf-
pfomkon ho dhw tdf whripkfcf ks calepfm
koth tdf bkn. ]dfrf lrf sfplrltf tfepaltfs
ghr dlag-jakom mhvftlkas lom tdrhund-
mhvftlkas. Ghr dlag-jakoms, jhtd jhlrms lrf
cut lt tdf slef tkef9 ghr tdrhund-mhvftlkas,
tdf tlkas lrf cut gkrst. Shef bkns lrf mf-
sknofm th cut hoay dlag-jakoms, jut K tdkoi
kt elifs sfosf th kovfst ko hof tdlt lashclo cut tdrhund-mhvftlkas.
]df Phrtfr-Cljaf =:<: bkn sdhwo dfrf
(strfft prkcf, $<60), flrofm tdf Jfst Wlauf
mkstkoctkho ko l rfcfot Gkof ^hhmwhrikon
rfvkfw. Hof hg tdf flskfst bkns th usf, tdf
Phrtfr-Cljaf dls glst-lctkon cle caleps
th dham tdf jhlrms, lom kt dls sftup akofs
lom kostructkhos ftcdfm koth tdf rhutfr
Lakno tdf tfepaltf. ]df selaa jrlss iohj afts yhu lakno tdf tfepaltf
prfcksfay hvfr tdf pko jhlrm. ]df jkn iohj ahcis mhwo tdf tfepaltf.
Cfotfrkon pko
pko jhlrm rfnk
lnlkost lo lmb
sthp lt tdf afg
hg tdf bkn. Hocf
cfotfr tdf jhl
uomfr tdf tfe
gkonfrs, yhu cl
sakmf tdf sthp
palcf.
Ahci up. Cles ho lo lmbustljaf ahcikon jlr sfcurf tdf whripkfcf ghr tdf
mhvftlka pkos. L pkfcf hg scrlp tdf slef tdkciofss ls tdf whripkfcf wkaa iffp
tdf bkn‛s tfepaltf ko akof.
Laknokon tlkas. ]
slef sthp tdlt r
tfrs tdf pko jhlr
rfnkstfrs tdf tlka
Dlag-jakom mhvftlkas
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tfepaltfs. Kt lash dls l usfgua nlu
dfap yhu sft tdf rhutfr-jkt dfkndt.
Swflt tdf mftlkas ghr l jfttfr hutSkepay uskon l bkn mhfso‛t fosurf l
elmf bhkot tdf gkrst tkef. ]df whhm
th jf phsktkhofm prhpfray uomfr tdf
hg tdf bkn, tdf tfepaltf akofm up f
lcrhss tdf thp hg tdf whhm, lom tdf r
jkt mfptd lmbustfm prfcksfay.
]dfrf lrf l gfw tdkons yhu sdhu
lttfotkho th tdlt wkaa fosurf succfs
l bkn. Bust ls yhu mh wdfo dlom-c
mhvftlkas, yhu sdhuam elri tdf jhlr
iffp trlci hg tdfkr hrkfotltkho th t
Ohtf wdftdfr tdf hutskmf hr tdf kos
tdf jhlrm nhfs lnlkost tdf bkn, lom
elri tdf jhlrms sh yhu mho‛t nft
ekxfm up. Htdfrwksf, yhu ely wfa
up wktd l jhlrm cut sh tdlt tdf glc
wlotfm hutskmf ks ohw ho tdf koskm
fxtrl sthci th usf ghr tdf tfst cuts td
l ofcfsslry plrt hg tdf sftup.
Sfttkon tdf mfptd hg tdf jkt clo ehst tkef-chosuekon lom crktkcla p
uskon l mhvftlka bkn. ^ktd eloy bkn
Phrtfr-Cljaf ks lo fxcfptkho), yhu‛
th rfshrt th trkla lom frrhr.
Kg yhu‛rf cuttkon tdrhund-mhvftlka
tlka jhlrm koth tdf dhrkzhotla phsktkho
bkn, sft tdf rhutfr ho thp, lom lmbust
th tdf mfptd hg tdf whhm paus l dlkr
]dlt wkaa aflvf tdf pkos sakndtay prhu
tdfe gausd wktd l jahci palof.
Sfttkon tdf jkt ghr dlag-jakoms ely k
ehrf trkla lom frrhr. Calep tdf pko
ko tdf bkn dhrkzhotlaay, tdf tlka jhlrmclaay, lom sft tdf rhutfr jkt ghr tdf
hg tdf dlag-jakom”hr wdlt yhu tdk
mfptd sdhuam jf. K ghuom tdlt fvf
tdf Phrtfr-Cljaf‛s jkt-mfptd nukmf, k
sfvfrla tfst cuts th nft tdf mfptd bus
ghr l nhhm, soun gkt.
Fxpfct tdf bhkot th ahhi elcdkof-Oh bkn clo prhmucf tdf sakndtay krrf
supfr-tdko mhvftlkas tdlt lrf tdf dl
hg dlom-cut bhkofry. Dhwfvfr, elcd
mhvftlkas lrf stkaa lttrlctkvf jfclus
lrf oflt lom hrmfray, lom tdfy gkt
Shef bkns aft yhu lmbust tdf splc
pkos lom tlkas, up th l phkot. Jut e
uokghre lom gkxfm, lom ohof laahws
paftfay custhekzfm alyhut.
Bkns lash akekt tdf wkmtd lom tdkcio
jhlrms yhu clo usf. Nfofrlaay, l m
bhkot sdhuam dlvf l dlag-pko ho flc
Jfclusf hg tdf bkn‛s splckon akektl
Dlag-jakom jkt mfptd. Lo
lmbustljaf sthp afts yhu sft jkt dfkndt prfcksfay ghr
cuttkon dlag-jakom mhvf-
tlkas. Aljfas ho tdf bkn
prhvkmf usfgua rfekomfrs
ghr lmbustefots tdlt ykfam
l tkndt-gkttkon bhkot.
L bhkot ko hof qukci plss. L tfepaltf cuts jhtd dlavfs hg l dlag-jakom mhvftlka bhkot lt hocf.
L nukmf jusdkon ho tdf rhutfr jlsf elifs kt flsy th ehvf tdf jkt ko lom hut hg tdf gkonfrs.
Zlksf hr ahwfr tdf jkt. Fvfo wktd clrfgua sftup,
bhkots clo jf thh ahhsf (thp afgt) hr thh tkndt (afgt).
]df shautkho ks th twfli tdf jkt dfkndt (ljhvf)”
ahwfr th elif tdf bhkot t kndtfr, dkndfr kg pkos lom
tlkas lrf thh tkndt.
LMBVS]KON ]DF GK] HG DLAG-JAKOM MHWF]LKAS
Dlag-jakom mhvftlkas (chotkoufm)
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N60
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yhu clo jfnko lom fom wktd dlag-pkos hoay
ho jhlrms hg spfckgkc wkmtds. Ghr fxlepaf,
tdf Phrtfr-Cljaf bkn K usfm whrifm jfst
wktd jhlrms tdlt eflsurfm 3< ⁍ = ko., =< ⁍ = ko.,
6< ⁍ = ko., lom sh ho.
K lash aflrofm grhe fxpfrkfocf wdlt clo
dlppfo wdfo yhu usf sthci tdlt‛s thh tdko
ghr l plrtkcualr tfepaltf lom rhutfr jkt. ]df
dlag-jakom bhkot wls gkttkon thnftdfr rltdfr
wfaa lom tdf alyhut wls okcfay syeeftrk-
cla, jut K dlm selaa crfscfot-sdlpfm nlps
ho tdf koskmf hg tdf bhkot. K dlm th cdfci
fvfrytdkon jfghrf K rflakzfm tdlt tdf nlps
wfrf tdf rfsuat hg uskon sthci afss tdlo< ⁍ : ko. tdkci. Hocf K rfcut tdf bhkot uskon
tdkcifr sthci, fvfrytdkon whrifm. •
Lokssl Ilpslafs ks lo lsskstlot fmkthr
lt Gkof hhmwhrikon .
Ehvf tdf
gfocf. Kg tdf
bhkot mhfso‛
wfaa, tdf shau
tkho ks th usf
ahcikon iohj
th gkof-tuof
phsktkho hg t
tfepaltf2 gh
wlrm th ahhs
tdf bhkot, jlc
tkndtfo kt.
LMBVS]KON ]DF GK] HG ]DZHVND-MHWF]LKAS
]drhund-mhvftlkas
Gkoksdfm tlkas. ]df mhvftlka jkt suppakfm wktd tdf bkn cuts tdf
tlkas. ]h prfvfot tflrhut, usf scrlp th jlci up tdf whripkfcf.
Jfnkookon tdf pkos. Hocf yhu‛vf
cut tlkas ghr laa tdf pkfcfs, yhu
offm th gakp tdf tfepaltf th nft
rflmy th cut pkos.
Gkoksdfm pkos. ]df strlkndt jkt suppakfm w
bkn cuts tdf pkos. Dfrf, thh, scrlp jlcis up
th prfvfot tflrhut.
]df whhm nukmfs tdf mfp
whripkfcf tdkciofss mftfre
jkt mfptd. Sft tdf jkt l dlkr
tdf fmnf hg tdf jhlrm, aflvk
pkos sakndtay prhum. ]dfy clo
trkeefm gausd altfr.
]drhund-mhvftlka tfepaltf. ]drhund-mhvftlkas rfqukrf l mhujaf-skmfm
tfepaltf lom twh rhutfr jkts. ]df strlkndt gkonfrs nukmf tdf rhutfr th cut tlkas9
tdf tlpfrfm gkonfrs nukmf tdf cut ghr pkos.
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Lehrtksfr, lash claafm l dhaahw-cdksfa ehrtksfrhr ehrtkskon elcdkof, cuts ehrtksfs rfelriljay
qukciay lom lccurltfay. Komffm, tdks elcdkof clo
cut l typkcla ehrtksf ghr l tljaf lprho ko wfaa uomfr lekoutf. Jfocdthp ehmfas lrf ehst cheeho, latdhund
alrnfr, grffstlomkon elcdkofs lash lrf lvlkaljaf.
Ho tdf mhwoskmf, ehrtksfrs mfgkof tdf whrm gkokciy.Kg yhurs kso‛t sft up lom usfm chrrfctay, yhu‛aa whomfr
wdy yhu jhundt hof.
Ghrtuoltfay, ehrtksfr-komucfm dflmlcdfs clo jf
trfltfm wktd rfaltkvf flsf. Skepay ghaahw tdf stfps hut-
akofm dfrf, lom yhu‛aa gkom tdlt qukci, caflo, lom lccu-
rltf ehrtksfs jfchef tdf ohre, oht tdf fxcfptkho.
L sdlrp cdksfa lom jkt lrf l eust L ehrtksfr who‛t whri fggfctkvfay wdfo tdf jkt lom
cdksfa lrf muaa, sh iffp jhtd plrts sdlrpfofm (sffpdhths, glckon plnf). Oh offm ghr l aht hg thhas, bust
l cdlkoslw gkaf, l rhuom lom l galt sakp sthof, l akttaf
slomplpfr, lo ljrlskvf plm, lom shef dhokon hka. Mho‛t
fxpfct l jrlom-ofw jkt lom cdksfa th jf lmfqultfay
sdlrp. Laehst laa K‛vf sffo offmfm fxtrl lttfotkho hut
hg tdf jhx.
Dhof tdf hutskmf glcfs hg tdf cdksfa”K jfnko
sdlrpfokon jy dhokon tdf ghur hutskmf glcfs
hg tdf cdksfa. ]h fosurf tdlt K‛e dhokon l
galt surglcf, K usf sprly lmdfskvf thehuot P=00- lom P400-nrkt
IF[S ]H SVCCFSS
Ehrtksfrs rfqukrf fxtrl
lttfotkho, jut tdf plyhgg
elifs kt laa whrtdwdkaf.
Mho‛t knohrf loy hg
tdfsf stfps.
Skepaf tkps ghr sftup,
sdlrpfokon, lom cuttkon
elif tdf thha l bhy th usf
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
Jh
th
Lmbust
gfocf.
Lmbust
dham-mhwo.
Kostlaa cdksfa lom
jkt prhpfray.
Pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 ]he Jfnola9 tdks plnf (jhtthe afgt) lom glckon plnf (thp afgt)2 Ifaay
Sf sth
Sdlrpfo
cdksfa.
Sdlrpfo jkt.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N6:
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
Ehrtksfr
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N6:
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slomplpfr th l nrloktf paltf. L pkfcf hg paltf nalss naufm
th 3 ⁍ =-ko.-tdkci dlrmwhhm paywhhm lash elifs l nhhm, galt
sdlrpfokon surglcf.]h rfmucf cahnnkon, K spfom tkef tuokon up tdf jhrf.
]df sehhtdfr tdf jhrf, tdf flskfr kt ks ghr cdkps th sakmf up
tdf lunfr jkt. K usf l cdlkoslw gkaf th rfehvf loy kotfrolajurrs hr elcdkokon nrhhvfs. L selaa, rhuom, tlpfrfm sakp
sthof whris wfaa ghr caflokon up tdf fbfctkho saht.Dhof tdf jfvfas” L rhuom sakp sthof ks laa tdlt‛s offmfm
th dhof tdf jfvfas. Iffp ko ekom tdlt oht laa ehrtksfr cdksfas
dlvf tdf slef jfvfa lonaf. Cakch, l Jrktksd elouglcturfr,
lom Lsklo lom Blplofsf shurcfm cdksfas usf l 70° jfvfalonaf, wdkaf Ghrfst Ckty, l V.S. elifr, usfs l =6° jfvfa.
^ktd tdf sdloi hg tdf cdksfa sfcurfm ko l vksf, palcf tdf
sakp sthof galt lnlkost l jfvfa lom whri kt jlci lom ghrtd
wktd l akndt thucd. Jf surf th wft tdf sthof gkrst wktd l gfwmrhps hg dhokon hka. ]h lvhkm crfltkon l nrhhvf, iffp tdf
sthof ehvkon grhe skmf th skmf lahon tdf jfvfa lom mho‛t
stly ko hof spht ghr ehrf tdlo l gfw strhifs. ]ry th rfehvf
ljhut tdf slef lehuot hg eltfrkla grhe flcd jfvfa.
Kg yhu prfgfr l prhcfss tdlt‛s shefwdlt afss gussy, tdfrf
ks l spfckla chof-sdlpfm thha (lvlkaljaf grhe Zhciafr9 www.rhciafr.che) tdlt laahws yhu th sdlrpfo laa ghur 70°
jfvfas lt hocf. Kg tdf cdksfa dls l =6° jfvfa, tkat tdf chof
lom sdlrpfo hoay l phrtkho hg tdf jfvfa lt l tkef.Dhokon tdf jfvfas wkaa prhmucf l jurr lahon tdf hutskmf
fmnf hg tdf cdksfa. ]h rfehvf kt, dham l galt sakp sthof galt
lnlkost tdf hutskmf glcf hg tdf cdksfa lom mrln tdf sthof
akndtay thwlrm yhu.Sdlrpfo tdf jkt”Mfpfomkon ho tdf elouglcturfr, tdf
lunfr-styaf mrkaa jkts ghr ehrtksfr cdksfas lrf fktdfr l skonaf
spur/gautf jrlm phkot hr l mhujaf spur/gautf wktdhut l cfo-
tfrkon phkot. K gkom tdlt tdf skonaf spur/gautf wktd kts dkndfr-
dfakx gautf fvlcultfs cdkps glstfr tdlo tdf mhujaf-gautf jkts.
Jut loy typf yhu usf eust jf sdlrp lom jurr-grff.
Ko lo lunfr-styaf mrkaa jkt, laa tdf cuttkon nfts mhof ko bust
twh palcfs2 lt tdf spurs lom lt tdf gautfs. Sh tdlt‛s wdfrf
Dhof tdf jfvfas. L akttaf whri wktd l rhuom
sthof (afgt) hr l spfckla, chof-sdlpfm, mkleho
chltfm ljrlskvf (rkndt) prhmucfs grfsd, sdlrp
tdlt fosurf l caflofr cut. Vsf l galt sakp stho
tdf hutfr glcfs th rfehvf tdf jurr tdlt rfsua
Sdlrpfo tdf
Vsf l galt sakp
th dhof tdf jktwh palcfs2 td
lom tdf cuttko
Kg yhur jkt dls
cfotfr phkot (o
mh), dhof flcd
tdf tdrff glcf
tdf phkot, thh.
Lmm shef auj
clot. ]h dfap r
grkctkho murkon
cuts, sprly jh
cdksfa lom jkt
mry aujrkclot l
sdlrpfokon. Al
wdfo cuttkon e
tksfs, lo hccl
squkrt hg aujrkc
ho tdf cdksfa l
wkaa gkndt grkctk
HZ
Sehhtd tdf hutskmf surglcfs hg tdf cdksfa.
L cdksfa wktd rhund hutskmf glcfs clo‛t jf
sdlrpfofm lom who‛t jf flsy th pauonf lom
rftrlct. Vsf gkof slomplpfr ho l galt surglcf th
sehhtd laa ghur skmfs.
Cuttfrs offm sdlrpfokon Akif loy cuttkon
thha, l ehrtkskon
cdksfa lom jkt
eust jf sdlrp th
whri wfaa. L gfw
ekoutfs spfot
sdlrpfokon plys
eloy mkvkmfoms.
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yhu offm th sdlrpfo.
jkt dls l jrlm phkot, K u
sdlrpfo tdf phkot, thh
elcdkokon prhcfss lt tthry sheftkefs aflvfs
hr jurrs lt tdf trlosktkh
jftwffo tdf spurs lomVsf l sakp sthof th se
loy yhu gkom. Lgtfr tdl
ksd tdf gautfs wktd l efnrkt ljrlskvf plm th cr
sakci rhutf ghr tdf cd
ghaahw.
Kostlaa tdf cdksfalom jkt chrrfctay ]df kostlaaltkho hg tdf jkt ko tdf ehrtksfr sdhu
ahw l prfcksf sfqufocf
mh kt prhpfray, tdf cdkfbfct flskay lom tdf dh
jf squlrf th tdf whrip
Mftfrekof tdf n
^dfo kostlaakon tdf lom jkt, kt‛s kephrtlot t
tdf prhpfr nlp jftwf
cdksfa jfvfas lom tdf fom hg tdf jkt. K vlry tdf nlp jlsfm skzf hg tdf cdksfa lom tdf eltfrkla. Shgtwhhm typkclaay prh
alrnf cdkps tdlt clo cahn tdf cdksfa qukciay. Alrnf ehrtksf
lom jkts lash elif alrnf cdkps, fvfo ko dlrmwhhm. K akif thl < ⁍ <7-ko. th 3 ⁍ 3:-ko. nlp wdfo uskon selaa (< ⁍ = ko. lom 6 ⁍ <7 ko
efmkue (3 ⁍ 4 ko.) jkts ko dlrmwhhm. L akttaf ehrf caflrlocf,3 ⁍ 3: ko. th < ⁍ 4 ko., ks lmfqultf ghr selaa lom efmkue jkts k
whhm. Ghr alrnf jkts (< ⁍ : ko. lom alrnfr) ko dlrmwhhm lom shgt
l guaa < ⁍ 4-ko. nlp whris jfst. ]dfsf caflrlocfs lrfo‛t clrv
sthof, sh kg yhu gkom tdf nhkon thund hr yhur cdksfa paunnk
qufotay, try kocrflskon tdf nlp jftwffo tdf cdksfa lom jkt.Sft tdf nlp”Iohwkon tdf nlp tdlt‛s offmfm, yhu clo nh
lom kostlaa tdf jkt lom cdksfa. Jf lwlrf tdlt tdf phkots ho tdf
lrf vfry sdlrp, sh usf clrf. K usulaay wflr l afltdfr nahvf dlom supphrtkon tdf cdksfa lom jkt.
Gkrst, rkp l pkfcf hg scrlp sthci th tdf tdkciofss hg tdf kot
nlp th usf ls l splcfr. ]dfo palcf l sdhrt afontd hg jhlrm ehrtksfr tljaf th ghrfstlaa loy mlelnf th tdf phkots hg tdf
hr tdf cuttkon gautfs ho tdf jkt sdhuam fktdfr jf mrhppfm.
Kosfrt tdf jkt koth tdf cdksfa. ]dfo sakp tdf sdloi hg tkoth tdf jkt cduci lom tdf sdloi hg tdf cdksfa koth tdf eh
jusdkon. (Shef elcdkofs rfqukrf l saffvf skzfm th gkt tdf
sdloi.) Lt tdf slef tkef, palcf tdf splcfr jftwffo tdf sd
tdf cdksfa lom tdf jusdkon. ]dfo tkndtfo tdf cdksfa. Lgtfr latdf spur hg tdf jkt wktd tdf cdksfa phkots, tkndtfo tdf jkt.
]h chepaftf tdf nlp-sfttkon prhcfmurf, rfehvf tdf splc
rlksf tdf cdksfa uotka tdf sdhuamfr ks sfltfm tkndt th tdf ju]kndtfo tdf cdksfa, lom tdf hggsft wkaa jf chrrfct.
]df cdksfa eust jf plrlaafa th tdf gfocf”Sakp l galt
hg whhm”K claa kt l squlrkon jhlrm”jftwffo tdf gfocf lcdksfa. Ofxt, ahhsfo tdf gfocf lom cdksfa lom, iffpkon kts
mfr tkndt th tdf ehrtksf-dflm, rhtltf tdf cdksfa lom puaa tdf
L sdlrp cdksfa lom jkt lrf oht tdf fom
hg tdf sthry. ]df twh plrts eust jf
kostlaafm chrrfctay th ekokekzf grkctkho
lom elxkekzf cdkp rfehvla.
^dkaf dhamkon tdf
spur hg tdf jkt ljhut
gausd wktd tdf phkots
hg tdf cdksfa, tkndtfo
tdf sdloi hg tdf jkt
ko tdf mrkaa cduci.
Zfehvf tdf splcfr lom rlksf tdf cdksfa
uotka kt jutts lnlkost tdf jusdkon. L squlr-
kon jhlrm fosurfs tdlt tdf cdksfa ks squlrf
th tdf gfocf. ]kndtfo tdf ahcikon iohj.
Cdksfa
Jkt
Sflt tdf
cdksfa
lnlkost tdf
jusdkon.
Nlp jftwffo
tkps hg jkt
lom cdksfa
]KND]FO ]DF CDKSFAKO ]DF JVSDKON<
]KND]FO ]DF JK]KO ]DF CDVCI:
OH^ ZFLMBVS]]DF CDKSFA3
Splcfr
Sft tdf rkndt nlp
Sakp tdf sdloi hg
tdf cdksfa
koth tdf jusdkon
lom tdf sdloi
hg tdf jkt koth
tdf jkt cduci.
Lmm tdf splcfr
jftwffo tdf
sdhuamfr hg tdf
cdksfa lom tdf
jusdkon, lom
tkndtfo tdf cdksfako palcf.
Mrlwkons2 Ifaay
Jkt ks
gausd
wktd
cdksfa.
6= G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N
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ghrwlrm uotka tdf cdksfa skts galt lnlkost tdf jhlrm.]dfo tkndtfo tdf cdksfa.
Squlrf tdf cdksfa th tdf tljaf”Elif surf
tdf cfotfrakof hg tdf cdksfa ks squlrf th tdf tljafko twh mkrfctkhos9 grhot th jlci lom skmf th skmf.
Vsf l squlrf th mh tdf cdfcikon. Mho‛t plokc kg
laa‛s oht wfaa. Ehst ehrtksfrs dlvf tdf ehrtkskon
dflm lom supphrt chaueo ehuotfm th tdf tljaf wktd jhats. Kt‛s lskepaf elttfr th ahhsfo tdhsf jhats lom sdke (K usf luthehtkvf
laknoefot sdkes) tdf lpprhprkltf skmf hg tdf chaueo jlsf th nft
tdf cdksfa squlrf th tdf tljaf.Squlrf tdf gfocf th tdf tljaf” ^dfo tdf gfocf kso‛t squlrf
th tdf tljaf, tdf ehrtksf who‛t jf squlrf fktdfr. Cdfci kt wktd l
squlrf. Kg kt‛s hgg ehrf tdlo sly, 0.006 ko. hvfr 3 ko., yhu‛aa offmth sdke tdf gfocf jrlcift wdfrf kt lttlcdfs th tdf jlsf hr lmm l
whhmfo gfocf tdlt clo jf sdkeefm hr jfvfafm th squlrf.Dham-mhwos iffp tdf whripkfcf ho tdf tljaf”Phsktkho
tdf dham-mhwo sh tdlt tdfrf ks bust fohund caflrlocf th laahw tdf
whripkfcf th sakmf uomfr tdf dham-mhwo wktdhut jkomkon. K iffp
l < ⁍ 7=-ko.-tdkci strkp hg sthci dlomy ls l splcfr.
Lvhkm hvfralppkon cutsKo tdf gkrst cut jy l jkt lom cdksfa, laa ghur glcfs hg tdf cdksfa wkaa
nft fqula supphrt, sh tdf jkt ks surf th stly squlrfth tdf tljaf tdrhundhut tdf cut. Jut kg tdf ofxt cut
hvfralps tdf gkrst sh tdlt hof skmf ks uosupphrtfm,
tdf cdksfa wkaa tfom th jfom sakndtay thwlrm tdltuosupphrtfm skmf. ]dlt clusfs tdf hutskmf hg tdf
jkt th ruj lnlkost tdf koskmf hg tdf cdksfa, wdkcd
aflms th grkctkho, dflt, lom ohksf.]h lvhkm tdf hvfralp prhjafe, elif l plkr hg
cuts, hof ho flcd fom hg tdf ehrtksf. ]dfo elif
l sfrkfs hg uochoofctfm cuts th jfnko th rfehvftdf wlstf sthci ko jftwffo tdf foms. Aflvf l akttaf
afss tdlo l jkt‛s wkmtd jftwffo tdfsf cuts. ]dlt
wly, tdf cdksfa ks lawlys guaay supphrtfm. Lgtfr
tdlt, nh jlci lom elif cuts ls offmfm th cafloup tdf ehrtksf. ▬
Zhalom Bhdosho ks l whhmwhrifr lom thha fotdusklst
ko Slui Zlpkms, Ekoo., lom l chotrkjutkon fmkthr th
Gkof ^hhmwhrikon .
^ktd tdf cdksfa/jkt sdlrpfofm lom kostlaafm, tdf
nfofrla sftup prhcfmurf ks hvfr. Ohw elif tdf gkola
elcdkof lmbustefots ghr tdf ehrtksf yhu wlot lom
ghaahw l spfckgkc cuttkon sfqufocf.
Elif twh cuts, hof lt f
fom hg tdf ehrtksf (afgt
elif l sfrkfs hg cuts, a
l wfj hg whhm ko jftwf
flcd cut. Alst, elif cu
(ljhvf) th caflo hut tdf
L tdko, whhm splcfr
crfltfs l sakndt caflr-
locf jftwffo tdf thp
hg tdf whripkfcf lom
tdf dham-mhwo, eli-
kon kt flsy th sakmf tdf
whripkfcf skmfwlys.
Lgtfr elrikon tdf ehrtksf mfptd ho tdf fom hg tdf
whripkfcf, ahwfr tdf cdksfa lom jkt th tdf elrifm
akof lom sft tdf mfptd sthp ho tdf elcdkof.
Stlrt cuttkon ehrtksfs
SF] ]DF EHZ]KSF MFP]D<
LMBVS] ]DFDHAM-MH^O:
CV] FLCD FOM H]DF EHZ]KSF GK3
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N67 Pdhths2 Lsl G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N67
EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS U
Scrhaaslw Kt dls ehrf usfs
tdlo yhu ekndt tdkoi
J [ P L V A S C D Ñ Z C D
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df scrhaaslw dhams fxtrfefay gkof jalmfs uomfr tfoskho,
laahwkon kt th mh bhjs tdlt oh htdfr ehthrkzfm slw clo mh.
Voghrtuoltfay, eloy whhmwhrifrs tdkoi tdlt l scrhaaslw ks
hoay ghr dhjjyksts wdh elif grftwhri, jhhifoms, wdkraknkns, lom
iokciiolcis. Ls l prhgfsskhola gurokturf elifr, K‛vf ghuom tdf
elcdkof eucd ehrf usfgua tdlo tdlt, lom K jfakfvf kt elifs l
vlauljaf lmmktkho th loy whhmwhrikon sdhp.
K usf l scrhaaslw th rhund hut mhvftlkas, th cut ehrtksf-lom-tfoho
tfepaltfs, th elif selaa ehci-ups hg gurokturf K le mfsknokon,
lom th elif cuts plrtkcualr th elrquftry, sucd ls cuttkon ‑plcifts―
hg euatkpaf alyfrs hg vfoffr. K‛vf lash cut eltfrkla sucd ls sdfaa,
jhof, sdfft jrlss, pfwtfr, lom chppfr ghr mfchrltkvf dlrmwlrf
lom koaly. Kt ks fvfo phsskjaf th cut < ⁍ 4-ko.-tdkci nalss ghr l curvy
mhhr plofa uskon l jlrjfm mklehom-wkrf jalmf, hr th pfrghre
mftlka slomkon lom phaksdkon uskon selaa jfats lttlcdfm th tdf
scrhaaslw akif l jalmf.
Kt ks truf tdlt ehst scrhaaslw usfrs mho‛t ghcus ho gurokturf
elikon. Jut mfchrltkvf grftwhri lom kotlrskl (l pkcturf elmf hg
vlrkhus whhms, hg vlrkhus tdkciofssfs) cfrtlkoay qulakgy ls whhm-
whrikon. Shef prhgfsskholas lash elif l akvkon naukon pkcturfs
hoth sfvfo-pay, < ⁍ =-ko. lkrcrlgt-nrlmf paywhhm lom scrhaakon jflu-tkgua puzzaf plttfros. Kg tdfsf lrfls kotfrfst yhu, tdfrf lrf caujs
mfvhtfm th scrhaaslwkon, lom schrfs hg jhhis lom elnlzkofs tdlt
chotlko usfgua koghreltkho, prhbfct kmfls, lom plttfros.
Koaly, elrquftry, lom jfyhomGhr koaly lom elrquftry, l scrhaaslw ks komkspfosljaf. ]df elcdkof
nkvfs yhu lo flsy lom lccurltf eflos hg cuttkon dknday mftlkafm
koaly pkfcfs th lmm th yhur gurokturf. ^dftdfr kt‛s l jfaa
ho l pfrkhm tljaf afn hr l ehtdfr-hg-pflra squlrf th jf u
l mfchrltkvf fafefot, tdf prhcfss ks strlkndtghrwlrm. Mrl
mfskno hoth tdf koaly eltfrkla”usulaay jftwffo < ⁍ <7 ko. lom
tdkci”lom cut kt hut ho l scrhaaslw wktd tdf tljaf sft lt l sa
th =° lonaf, jfvfakon flcd fmnf hg tdf eltfrkla kowlrm l j
ks claafm l chokcla cut. ]dfo palcf tdf koaly hoth tdf jlcin
scrkjf lrhuom tdf hutakof wktd l iokgf, lom dhaahw hut tdf
wktd l selaa rhutfr lom l selaa cdksfa. Calep lom nauf td
gkreay koth palcf, lom tdfo afvfa kt wktd tdf jlcinrhuom lg
nauf dls sft. ]df jfvfa-cut fmnfs wkaa fosurf l tkndt gkt w
surrhuomkon whhm.
^ktd l mfcfot scrhaaslw, yhu clo stfp plst koaly koth tdf
hg elrquftry, wdkcd kovhavfs elikon mftlkafm pkcturfs jy b
euatkpaf pkfcfs hg vfoffr. Plofas hg elrquftry clo fafvl
ahhi hg yhur gurokturf lom clsfwhri. Ehst ekmrlonf slws w
ghre tdf jlskc elrquftry cuts wfaa, kocaumkon tdf plcift, ch
chokcla, wkomhw, pkfcf-jy-pkfcf, lom jhuaaf eftdhms.
Hg laa tdf gflturfs ho l scrhaaslw, tdf ehst kephrtlot l
qukci-rfaflsf jalmf caleps lom l tfoskhokon systfe tdlt yh
lccfss grhe tdf grhot hg tdf slw. K mho‛t akif slws tdlt lccfppko jalmfs, jfclusf tdhsf jalmfs lrfo‛t wfaa-suktfm ghr cuttko
kotrkcltf mftlkas. Lash, ahhi ghr l slw wktd lo flsy-th-rflcd
chotrha iohj9 kt‛s eucd dlomkfr tdlo l stfppfm-puaafy syst
Ghr plcift cuttkon, ey prfgfrrfm elrquftry eftdhm, l
scrhaaslw lom l vfry tdko jalmf elif tdf bhj ls flsy ls st
lom pkookon thnftdfr laa hg tdf vfoffrs th jf gflturfm ko td
pkcturf, sprly-naukon l mrlwkon hoth tdf stlci, cuttkon hu
]
Komkspfosljaf ghr elrquftry. L scrhaaslw
clo cut tdrhund l tdkci plcift hg vfoffrs
(glckon plnf) wktd l vfry tdko jalmf, cuttkon
hut laa hg tdf pkfcfs ghr l pkcturf ko hof sdht.
Lo flsy wly th tfst mfsknos. ^ktd l s
slw, kt‛s flsy th cut selaa, kotrkcltf pkfc
qukciay lom lssfejaf tdfe uskon dht-e
nauf. ]dks < ⁍ <0 -sclaf ehmfa ks l rflmkon p
Pfrgfct ghr mhvftlkas. Lgtfr tdf koktkla cdffi
cuts lrf elmf, tdf tkoy scrhaaslw jalmf elifs
kt flsy th cut lcrhss tdf jhtthe hg l mhvftlka
shcift lom qukciay rfehvf tdf wlstf.
E L Z \ V F ] Z [
Scrhaaslw usfs ko tdf sdhp B H K O F Z [ E H C I - V P S
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DH^ ]H ]VZO L SDLZP CHZOFZ
^dfo cuttkon elrquftry hr gkofay mftlkafm grftwhri, ofnhtkl
kon sdlrp phkots lom chrofrs clo phsf l cdlaafonf. Fssfotk
yhu offm th pkvht tdf whripkfcf lrhuom tdf jalmf wdkaf tdf
ks ruookon, rfhrkfotkon kt
thwlrm tdf ofw mkrfctkho.
]dks ks lcchepaksdfm jy
cuttkon up th tdf chrofr,
tdfo sakndtay prfsskon tdf
whripkfcf lnlkost tdf skmf
hg tdf jalmf. ]dks eftdhm
stljkakzfs tdf whripkfcfwktdhut loy uowlotfm
cuttkon. Ohw elkotlko tdlt
prfssurf ls yhu pkvht tdf
whripkfcf koth tdf mfskrfm
phsktkho, sdkgtkon tdf prfs-
surf hoth tdf jlci hg tdf
jalmf ls yhu nh.
tdf pkfcfs ko hof sdht, tdfo puaakon tdf pkfcfs lplrt lom tlpkon
tdfe koth palcf. L #:/0 jalmf aflvfs hoay l 0.0<0-ko.-wkmf ifrg, wdkcd tfoms th cahsf up ko tdf gkola plttfro.
Sclafm ehci-ups hg gurokturf lrf vfry dfapgua ko tdf mfskno
prhcfss, laahwkon l 3-M prfvkfw prkhr th mrlwkon lom jukamkon
tdf lctula pkfcf. Ehmfas lash lrf nrflt ghr sfaakon l mfskno kmfl th
l cakfot. L scrhaaslw ks kmfla ghr tdf mftlka whri kovhavfm ko jukam-
kon l ehmfa hut hg tdko eltfrklas. ]df pkfcfs clo jf put thnftdfr
vfry qukciay uskon dht-efat nauf.
K sheftkefs usf l scrhaaslw ghr cuttkon mhvftlkas, rhundkon hut
tdf pkos lom tlkas jfghrf trkeekon tdfe th tdf akof wktd l sdlrp
cdksfa, kg offm jf. Htdfr tkefs K elif tdf koktkla slwcuts wktd
l mhvftlka slw lom tdfo usf l scrhaaslw th cut squlrfay
tdf jhtthe hg flcd shcift, rfehvkon tdf wlstf. Kg tdf jtfoskhofm prhpfray, tdf cuts wkaa jf lccurltf lom offm vfr
cafloup. K‛vf sffo htdfr whhmwhrifrs elif tdf koktkla cu
tljafslw, tdfo usf l scrhaaslw th rfehvf tdf wlstf.
Hocf yhu dlvf l scrhaaslw, yhu‛aa gkom tdlt ahts hg hmm cu
chef flskfr. K‛vf usfm hof th crfltf eltcdkon tfepaltfs ko
paywhhm ghr rhutkon hmm-sdlpfm ehrtksfs lom tfohos wdfr
gurokturf chephofots bhko. ]df eltcdkon koskmf lom hutskm
paltfs lrf lttlcdfm tfephrlrkay th tdf eltkon whripkfcfs,
tdfy clo nukmf l gausd-cuttkon rhutfr jkt. K usf tdks tfcd
hgtfo wdfo bhkokon shakm-whhm afns mkrfctay th l thp pkfc
LMBVS] GHZ MZKG] ]HCV] L S]ZLKND] AKOF
K dlvf ghuom tdlt tdf
thundfst tfcdokqufs th
elstfr lrf cuttkon strlkndt
akofs lom nhkon lrhuom
sdlrp chrofrs. Eloy jalmfs
lrf ekaafm ko l wly tdlt
clo aflvf tdf jalmf sakndtay
sdlrpfr ho hof skmf, sh
kt trlcis akif l muaa jlom-
slw jalmf. ]h clocfa hutjalmf mrkgt wdfo ghaahwkon
l strlkndt akof, lmbust tdf
lonaf hg tdf whripkfcf
wdfo pusdkon kt koth tdf jalmf. Ghr jfst rfsuats, whri ko l sfrkfs
hg sdhrt pusdfs, elikon selaa chrrfctkhos ls yhu nh. Ls tdf
jalmf muaas, tdf mrkgt nfts whrsf9 iffp jalmfs wfaa tfoskhofm lom
cdlonf tdfe hgtfo.
Fomafss hptkhos ghr pkfrcfm whri. Scdñrcd elmf tdks
bfwfary-jhx trly jy cuttkon hut selaa hpfokons ko shakm
whhm lom alykon tdlt grftwhri hoth l gfat-chvfrfm paywhhm
jhtthe. Df mftlkafm tdf clrvfm aflg lgtfr tdf elko vfrtkcla
cuts wfrf mhof.
Scrhaaslw usfs (chotkoufm)
Scrhaaslwkon tkps
G Z F ] ^ H Z I
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N64 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N64
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Koaly jfchefs
strlkndtghrwlrm.
]lpf tdf mfskno
th tdko eltfrkla
lom cut hut tdf
koaly. ]dfo scrkjf
lrhuom tdf koaly
pkfcf th aly hut
tdf rfcfss. ^dfo
cuttkon grlnkaf
eltfrklas akif
tdks ljlahof,
elif l zfrh-
caflrlocf paltf
grhe l pkfcf hg
vfoffr.
pfrkhm gurokturf, K‛vf usfm l scrhaaslw th cut hut clrvkon jalois ghr
lppakfm mfchrltkvf fafefots.
Sfttkon up yhur slw Kt‛s kephrtlot ghr gkrst-tkef usfrs th rflakzf tdlt scrhaaslw jalmfs
jrfli rfnualray, fspfcklaay tdko hofs. L #:/0 jalmf, ghr fxlepaf,
wkaa jrfli ko gkvf hr tfo ekoutfs wdfo cuttkon < ⁍ :-ko.-tdkci eltfrkla.
L jrhifo jalmf clo elif l stlrtakonay ahum ohksf, jut kt mhfso‛t
ofcfsslrkay eflo yhu lrf mhkon loytdkon wrhon.
Ghr jfst rfsuats, tdf jalmf sdhuam jf tfoskhofm th rhunday lo
hctlvf ljhvf ekmmaf C ho tdf pkloh, hr uotka l caflr euskcla paucikon
shuom ks rflcdfm. Kg tdf jalmf ks thh ahhsf, kt wkaa elif l ‑tduoi―
shuom wdfo paucifm lom wkaa tfom
th mfgafct ko usf, mksthrtkon tdf cut,
gltknukon tdf jalmf, lom cluskon kt th
jrfli flray. ktd thh eucd tfoskho,
tdf jalmf wkaa solp ehrf hgtfo hr
sakp hut hg tdf jalmf caleps.
L gfw ehmkgkcltkhos”K rfche-
efom elikon cdlonfs lom lmmkon
lccfsshrkfs th loy scrhaaslw. L wkmfr
luxkaklry tljaf palcfm hvfr tdf thp hg
tdf stlomlrm tljaf wkaa supphrt wkmfr
whri. ]h turo tdf slw ho lom hgg, l
ghht-pfmla swktcd (tdf fafctrkcla typf
tdlt stlys ho hoay wdfo tdf pfmla
ks mfprfssfm) tlifs tdf plokc hut hg
scrhaakon mftlka whri lom sthps tdf
ohksf wdfo tdf jalmf jrflis. Lash, K
tlpf zfrh-caflrlocf paltfs hg tdko
clrmjhlrm, palstkc, hr vfoffr ho tdf
slw tljaf th supphrt grlnkaf eltfrkla
lom th iffp selaa pkfcfs grhe mrhp-
pkon tdrhund tdf tdrhlt.
K mho‛t akif tdf jalmf nulrms ho l scrhaaslw”tdfy hoay nft
wly”sh K rfehvf tdfe. Ko ey calssfs, wktd stumfots rlonkongrhe 4 th 46, K‛vf ofvfr sffo ehrf tdlo l ekohr cut ls l rfs
Plua Scdñrcd, l gurokturf elifr lom tflcdfr ko Slotl Jlrjlrl, Clakg.,
spfcklakzfs ko elrquftry.
EL]CD ]DF JALMF ]H ]DF ]LSI
Scrhaaslw-jalmf skzfs rlonf grhe tdf selaafst #4/0 (prhohuocfm fkndt-
lundt) th tdf alrnfst #<: (sheftkefs claafm #0/<:), wktd tdf ehst che-
eho ghr whhmwhrikon jftwffo #3/0 lom #4. ]dkoofr jalmfs dlvf ehrf
tfftd pfr kocd. ]df hrkfotltkho hg tdf tfftd lash ks kephrtlot (sff cdlrt
lt rkndt). Ghr ehrf jalmf koghreltkho, cdfci hut tdf fxcfaafot cdlrt lt
www.hashoslw.che/scrhaaXcdlrtX<.dtea.
]hhtd plttfros
S]LOMLZM ]HH]D ]df jlskc, cut-loytdkon jalmf.
SIKP ]HH]D Zuos chhafr ko dlrmfr eltfrkla.
ZFWFZSF ]HH]D Jhtthe gfw tfftd lrf rfvfrsfm th
rfmucf tflrhut.
PZFCKSKHO NZHVOM Ehrf lnnrfsskvf lom strlkndtfr
cuttkon. Lvlkaljaf ko #6, #>, lom #;, ko sikp thhtd hr
mhujaf/rfvfrsf thhtd.
MHVJAF ]HH]D Sahw cuttkon, jut sehhtdfr rfsuats.
CZH^O ]HH]D Cuts ho jhtd upwlrm lom mhwowlrm
strhifs9 sahw, jut ekokekzfs tflrhut. Nhhm ghr palstkc
SPKZLA Cuts ko loy mkrfctkho jut aflvfs rhundfr,
wkmfr ifrgs.
LO FSSFO]KLA JALMF IK]
]dfsf lrf tdf jalmfs Scdñrcd usfs ehst hgtfo, wktd Hasho ktfe ouejfrs ko
plrfotdfsfs.
#<: sikp thhtd (=63)2 Dflvy-muty jalmf ghr cuttkon strlkndt akofs ko tdkcifreltfrkla sucd ls paywhhm.
#6 prfckskho nrhuom, rfvfrsf thhtd (=;6ZN)2 Vsfm ghr strlkndtfr-akof grftwhri.
#6 sikp thhtd (==7)2 ]dkoofr mfptd tdlo tdf prfckskho-nrhuom #69 turos
tkndtfr chrofrs. Nhhm ghr ehrf mftlkafm grftwhri, ls wfaa ls mhvftlkas.
#:/0 sikp thhtd (==0)2 Vsfm ghr elrquftry lom htdfr vfry gkofay mftlkafm
whri. Ifrg ks hoay 0.0<0 ko.
#< eftla-cuttkon (=>;)2 Ghr eftla, sdfaa, lom jhof.
K O A L [
Jalmf
Shurcfs
SCZHAASL^
JALMFS
^kamwhhm Mfskno
www.wkamwhhmmfskno
400-=>0-;0;0
^hhmcrlgt Supp
www.whhmcrlgt.ch
400-::6-<<63
JLZJFM
MKLEHOM ^KZ
ghr cuttkon nalss l
htdfr vfry dlrm eltf
Lapdl Suppay,
Oh. B06<0J
www.lapdl-suppay.c
400-:6>-=:<<
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M
lmhfs, nrhhvfs, lom rljjfts lrf duejaf bhko
vlrkltkhos hg l skepaf squlrf rfcfss. Jut tdfy l
fxtrfefay vfrsltkaf lom, wktd tdf rkndt tfcdo
vfry flsy th cut lccurltfay.
Ghr tdhsf rflshos, yhu‛aa gkom mlmhfs, nrhhvfs, lom rljjehst fvfrywdfrf ko gurokturf, jhxfs, cljkoftry, lom clr
whri, bhkokon fvfrytdkon grhe jkn paywhhm clsfs th mkek
mrlwfr jhxfs.Mlmhfs lom nrhhvfs lrf lctulaay tdf slef ko crhss-sf
Nrhhvfs ruo lahon tdf afontd hg l jhlrm, nhkon wktd tdf
mlmhfs ruo lcrhss l jhlrm hr plofa, nhkon lcrhss tdf nrrljjft ks akif l mlmh hr nrhhvf, jut hpfo ho twh skmfs.
]df cuts ghr laa tdrff bhkots clo jf elmf fktdfr ho l tljaf
wktd l rhutfr. ]df foms hg tdf cut clo dfap yhu mfckmf wdkth usf. Ko nfofrla, tdf tljafslw ks jfst ghr tdrhund-cuts”m
rljjfts, lom nrhhvfs tdlt nh grhe fom th fom ho l whrip
lom tdf rhutfr ks jfst ghr sthppfm cuts. ]df selaa rhuomfm c
lt tdf fom hg l sthppfm cut clo jf squlrfm up flskay wktd cdksfa whri kg offm jf.
Akif loy whhmwhrikon bhkot, mlmhfs, nrhhvfs, lom rljjft
th gkt prfcksfay. ]df jfst wly th gkof-tuof tdf gkt ks th elif tf
ho scrlp sthci jfghrf cuttkon koth yhur rfla whripkfcfs.
ltcd hut ghr jhwfm sthci wdfo cuttkon tdfsf bhkots ho l
slw hr rhutfr tljaf. Kt mhfso‛t tlif eucd hg l jhw th rlksf tdf
lwly grhe tdf tljaf, elikon tdf mfptd hg tdf saht vlry wkm
tdlt dlppfos, usf l pusd stkci th try th prfss mhwo ho tdf
Mlmhfs,
Nrhhvfs, lomZljjfts]df dlomkfst bhkots lrf
tdf flskfst th elif
J [ L S L C D Z K S ] K L O L
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
ZLJJF]
NZHHWF
MLMH
70 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N Pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 Mlvkm Dfke9 glckon plnf (rhutfr tljaf)2 Ifaay B
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wdfrf kt plssfs hvfr tdf jalmfs. Hr, sft up
l gfltdfrjhlrm th mh tdf bhj ehrf chosks-
tfotay (sff ‑Gfltdfrjhlrms,― pp. ;0-;3). Ls
lo latfroltkvf, usf l dlomdfam rhutfr. ]dfsdhrt rhutfr jlsf wkaa ghaahw tdf jhw ko
tdf whripkfcf, iffpkon tdf mfptd hg tdf
cut choskstfot. Loy sakndt curvlturf usulaay
mkslppflrs wdfo yhu nauf lom calep tdf
pkfcf koth lo lssfejay.
Nrhhvfs lrf tdf flskfstNrhhvfs lrf tdf flskfst th cut, ghr twh rfl-
shos. ]dfy usulaay lrf vfry cahsf th l plr-
laafa fmnf, lom jfclusf tdfy nh wktd tdfnrlko, tdfy mho‛t tfom th cdkp hut hr jahw
hut lt tdf fom wdfo yhu lrf cuttkon tdfe. ]drhund-nrhhvfs8 Vsf tdf tljafslw”
Kg l nrhhvf ks oht sthppfm, sucd ls mhwo
tdf jhtthe fmnf hg l mrlwfr skmf, cut kt
ho tdf tljafslw, skepay ruookon tdf jhlrmslnlkost tdf rkp gfocf. ]df tljafslw jalmf,
wktd kts alrnf mkleftfr lom mhzfos hg tfftd,
cuts eucd ehrf fggkckfotay tdlo l rhutfr jkt.
Dhwfvfr, kt‛s oht wfaa-suktfm ghr sthppfmcuts jfclusf kt aflvfs l ahon curvfm sfctkho
th jf caflofm up.
Kg yhu dlvf l mlmh sft lom ahts hg nrhhvfs
th cut, kt ks whrtd tdf tkef th stlci tdf
jalmfs lom gkof-tuof tdf wkmtd wktd tfst cuts. Htdfrwksf, bust
elif euatkpaf plssfs wktd l stlomlrm slwjalmf. ]df jhtthe hg
tdf nrhhvf who‛t jf ls sehhtd ls hof cut wktd l mlmh sft, jut tdks
lrfl ks usulaay dkmmfo lom kso‛t lo kephrtlot nauf surglcf.
Ghr sehhtd lom lccurltf rfsuats, nft l dknd-qulakty stlcifm mlmh
sft, tdf ikom wktd sfplrltf galt jalmfs lom tdko sdkes tdlt nh jf-
twffo tdfe th gkof-tuof tdf wkmtd (sff pdhth, ofxt plnf). Lvhkm
tdf cdflpfr, whjjaf-typf mlmh sfts.
^dfo yhu elif loy hg tdfsf jakom cuts ho tdf tljafslw” wdftdfr ghr nrhhvfs, mlmhfs, hr rljjfts”tdf jalmf wkaa fefrnf
summfoay grhe jfofltd tdf sthci. Sh jf vfry lwlrf hg tdlt fxkt
phkot lom iffp yhur dloms wfaa lwly.Sthppfm nrhhvfs8 Vsf l rhutfr”Vsf l stlomlrm strlkndt jkt
wktd strlkndt gautfs. Ko shef lppakcltkhos, tdf rhuomfm chrofrs lt
tdf fom hg tdf cut who‛t jf sffo, sh bust cut tdf saht l akttaf ahonfrth laahw l squlrf-fmnfm pkfcf th gkt ko.
Ehst hg tdf tkef, l dlomdfam rhutfr ks yhur jfst jft. [hu clo
sff fxlctay wdfrf th sthp, lom wktd l pauonf-typf rhutfr, yhu clo
elif l sfrkfs hg sdlaahw plssfs wktdhut sduttkon hgg tdf thha.
Kg tdf whripkfcfs lrf vfry sdhrt hr olrrhw, calep mhwo l whri-
pkfcf hg kmfotkcla tdkciofss oflrjy th supphrt tdf rhutfr jlsf. Vsf
tdf rhutfr‛s fmnf nukmf th sft tdf mkstlocf jftwffo tdf fmnf hgtdf whripkfcf lom tdf fmnf hg tdf saht.
Zhutfr-tljaf tkps”]df rhutfr tljaf ks fspfcklaay nhhm ghr cuttkon
nrhhvfs ko olrrhw hr sdhrt pkfcfs, jut kt‛s jfst usfm hoay ghr nrhhvfs
tdlt lrf hpfo lt hof fom. ktd nrhhvfs sthppfm lt jhtd foms, yhu‛aa
dlvf th ahwfr tdf whripkfcf hoth tdf spkookon jkt.
Ko ehst clsfs, yhu sdhuam ehvf whripkfcfs grhe rkndt th afgt
ho tdf rhutfr tljaf, sh tdf cuttkon lctkho hg tdf jkt iffps tdf whri
prfssfm lnlkost tdf gfocf. (L gfltdfrjhlrm lash dfaps iffp tdf
Stlrt lom sthp. L plkr hg jahcis calepfm th l rhutfr-tljaf gfoc
elifs kt phsskjaf th jfnko lom fom l sthppfm nrhhvf. ]df jahci
stflmy tdf whri ls yhu ahwfr lom tdfo rlksf kt.
Nrhhvfs
Stflmy prfssurf. dfo cuttkon nrhhvfs hr rljjfts, prfss mhwo ho tdf whripkfcf th fos
tdlt tdf cut dls l uokghre mfptd. Iffp dloms lwly grhe tdf jalmf‛s fxkt phkot.
CV] ]DZHVND-NZHHWFS HO ]DF ]LJAFSL^
VSF L ZHV]FZ ]LJAF GHZ S]HPPFM NZHHWFS
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whri ko akof.) Ekom yhu, oht laa nr
sthp lt tdf ehrf chovfokfot fom.
Mlmhfs lrf trkcikfr Jfclusf tdfy ruo lcrhss tdf nrlko, m
lrf prhof th cdkphut lt tdf fom hg td wdftdfr yhu‛rf uskon l tljafslw hr
fr. [hu clo lawlys usf l pkfcf hg
whhm th supphrt tdf gkjfrs ls tdffxkts tdf whripkfcf, aflvkon l pfrgf
Jut sheftkefs yhu clo aflvf tdf
pkfcf wkmfr tdlo yhu offm lom cu
tdf cdkppfm-hut fmnf ho tdf tljafsJf lwlrf tdlt sdfft nhhms akif pay
usulaay ruo l jkt tdkoofr tdlo tdfkr
ohekola mkefoskho, sh stlomlrm jkts wkaa cut hvfrskzf mlmhfs. Ghrtu
sakndtay uomfrskzf jkts lrf lvlkaljaf ]ljafslw ks glstfr jut clo jf uo
Ghr lccurlcy‛s slif, K akif th cut mlm
hof plss wktd l mlmh sft, wktdhut e
tdf gfocf. ]df slgfst wly ks th usf l
cut safm (sff pdhth, afgt), tdf typf tdko tdf ektfr sahts ho tdf slw tljaf.
wkaa supphrt vfry jkn whripkfcfs, lo
l eucd slgfr wly th nukmf tdf whrtdlo ruookon tdf glr fom lnlkost t
gfocf. Hg chursf, tdf mlmh wkaa cu
saht ko yhur safm, sh yhu‛aa prhjljayth mfmkcltf tdf safm th tdf tlsi. ]df
gfocf lash prfvfots jahwhut lt td
hg tdf cut. Bust tlci l ofw pkfcf hghoth tdf gfocf jfghrf cuttkon.
]df htdfr hptkho ks th ruo tdf f
tdf jhlrm hr plofa lnlkost tdf rkp
]dks kovhavfs afss dlssaf, jut jfwlrafss tdf chomktkhos lrf rkndt, tdks lpp
clo aflm th cltlstrhpdf. Kg tdf fom
whripkfcf ks sdhrtfr tdlo ljhut <:
Mlmhfs
Nh safmmkon. Vsf
l mfmkcltfm crhss-
cut safm th mlmh
olrrhwfr pkfcfs. Kt
fakekoltfs tdf rksi
hg ikcijlci lom lash
jlcis up tdf cut th
ekokekzf jahwhut.
L qukci rhutfr nukmf. ]wh pkfcfs hg
strlkndt sthci, bhkofm lt l rkndt lonaf,
elif l skepaf jut fggfctkvf rhutfr nukmf
ghr cuttkon mlmhfs.
Flsy th lakno. L mlmh cut koth hof lre
hg tdf rhutfr nukmf elifs kt flsy th lakno
tdf bkn. Bust jf surf th akof up tdf mlmh ho
tdf chrrfct skmf hg yhur alyhut akof.
Nh wkmf. ]h usf tdf rkp
gfocf wdfo cuttkon ml-
mhfs ho l tljafslw, jf-
nko wktd wkmf sthci lom
rkp kt th skzf lgtfrwlrm.]h lvhkm ikcijlci, iffp
tdf whripkfcf tkndt
lnlkost tdf gfocf. Lash,
iffp yhur dloms caflr
hg tdf fxkt phkot.
]df jfst typf hg jalmf. L stlcifm mlmh sft ks jfst. ]dko
sdkes aft yhu gkof-tuof tdf wkmtd hg tdf cut, lom tdf spfcklaay
mfsknofm jalmfs prhmucf l sehhtd, galt-jhtthefm cut.
\ukci plssfs. Zhutkon mlmhfs ks l skepaf elttfr wk
]-squlrf bkn calepfm ko palcf. Zhutfr jlsfs lrfo‛t law
chocfotrkc, sh mho‛t rhtltf tdf rhutfr ls yhu cut.
ELIF L SKEPAF ]-S\VLZF BKN GHZ ZHV]KON MLMHFS
L MLMH JALMF ELIF S GLS] ^HZI
HG MLMHFS HO ]DF ]LJAFSL^
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N7: Pdhths, tdks sprflm2 Ifaay B. Muotho (mlmh sft)9 ^kaakle Muciwhrtd (crhsscut s afm)9 ]dhels EcIfool (rljjftkon
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kg tdf mlmh ks oht cahsf th tdlt rfgfrfocf
fmnf, tdf plofa hr jhlrm clo vfry flskay
rhtltf skmfwlys, ikcikon tdf whripkfcf lt yhu lt <00 epd.
Hof trkci ghr paywhhm jhhiclsf skmfs ks
th cut tdf mlmhfs wdkaf tdf twh skmfs lrfstkaa hof jkn plofa, rkppkon tdfe th wkmtd
lgtfrwlrm. ]dks oht hoay aflvfs l ahon fmnf
th jf ruo slgfay lnlkost tdf rkp gfocf, jut
lash laahws yhu th skepay rkp lwly tdfjahwo-hut fom hg tdf mlmh lgtfr tdf cut ks
elmf. ^dfo mlmhkon tdks wly, yhu‛aa dlvf
th iffp yhur fyfs ho twh palcfs lt hocf2tdf rkp gfocf, th jf surf tdf whripkfcf
kso‛t mrkgtkon, lom tdf phkot wdfrf tdf mlmh
jalmf wkaa fxkt tdf cut. L skepaf gfocf ghr tdf rhutfr” L dlom-
dfam rhutfr ks tdf slgfst lom ehst vfrsltkaf
wly th cut mlmhfs. Kt ks tdf jfst wly th cut l
sthppfm mlmh, wdkcd ks usfm wdfo tdf grhot
fmnfs hg l cljkoft wkaa jf fxphsfm. [hu‛aa
offm l gfocf th nukmf tdf rhutfr jlsf. ]df
rhutfr‛s fmnf nukmf who‛t whri, jfclusfmlmhfs usulaay lrf elmf sh glr grhe tdf
oflrfst rfgfrfocf fmnf. Jut yhu clo wdkp
up l skepaf, fggfctkvf bkn ko ekoutfs.]df ]-squlrf mlmh bkn ks skepay hof ahon
pkfcf hg whhm scrfwfm lom naufm th lohtd-
fr lt l rkndt lonaf. ]df jfluty hg tdks bkn kstdlt tdf rhutfr cuts kts mlmh rkndt lcrhss tdf
gfocf, elikon kt flsy th lakno tdf bkn wktd
alyhut elris. Bust jf surf yhu lrf cuttkon
tdf mlmh ho tdf chrrfct skmf hg yhur elri.
Grhe plst ekstlifs lom rfplkrs K‛vf aflrofm
th elri l akttaf squknnaf jfskmf ey alyhut
elris th sdhw wdfrf tdf mlmh wkaa nh.
]h elif tdf bkn lccurltfay, lppay nauflom tdfo calep tdf ahon gfocf th tdf sdhrt-
fr gfocf. Cdfci kt wktd lo lccurltf squlrf
lom lmbust tdf lonaf jfghrf lmmkon lohtdfr
calep th ahci ko tdf sfttkon. Kg yhu dlvf
palcfm yhur caleps strltfnkclaay, yhu clo
ohw scrfw tdf pkfcfs thnftdfr.Jfghrf rhutkon yhur gkrst mlmh, elif l
plss hvfr bust tdf bkn ktsfag th rhut l sdla-
Zljjfts
ahw mlmh ko kt ghr laknokon wktd tdf
]h usf tdf bkn, ehvf tdf rhutfr grhth rkndt. ]dks wly tdf cuttkon lct
tdf jkt wkaa tfom th pusd tdf rhutf
lnlkost tdf gfocf ghr lccurltf rfsu
yhu offm th elif l mlmh tdlt ks tdlo tdf jkt yhu dlvf, yhu‛aa dlvf
hut jhtd skmfs hg tdf mlmh lom eh
bkn th elif l sfchom plss.
Zljjfts lrf hpfo-skmfm ^dfo l plofa dls th nh ko lgtfr hr grlef ks lssfejafm, l rljjft ks
Lnlko, mlmh jalmfs nkvf tdf glstfst r
Slcrkgkcf. dfo cuttkon olrrhw rljjfts, kt‛s jfst th calep l slcrkgkckla gfocf th tdf
tljaf slw gfocf lom rlksf tdf mlmh sft koth tdf gfocf uotka kt rflcdfs tdf mfskrfm dfkndt.
L MLMH SF] LASH ^HZIS ^FAA GHZ ZLJJF]S ELO[ ZLJJF]S GZHE L SKONAF
S]ZLKND] JK]
Kogkoktf vlrkfty. ^dftdfr ho tdf rhutfr tljaf hr wktd
l dlomdfam rhutfr, hof jkt clo crfltf eloy skzfs hg
rljjfts. Sft tdf jkt th tdf mfskrfm dfkndt, lom lmbust
tdf gfocf hr fmnf nukmf th gkom tdf mfskrfm wkmtd.
Jflrkon mhwo. L
jflrkon-nukmfm
rljjftkon jkt la-
ahws yhu th elif l
gfw mkggfrfot cuts,
mfpfomkon ho tdf
skzf hg tdf jflrkon yhu
usf. ]dks typf hg jkt
elifs kt flsy th rlj-
jft l naufm-up pkcturf
grlef, latdhund yhu‛aa
dlvf th caflo up tdf
chrofrs wktd l cdksfa.
]H ZLJJF]
L GZLEF, VSF L
JFLZKON-NVKMFM JK]
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Zfm hli ks tdf prkelry whhm
ghr tdks prhbfct jfclusf kt
ks dlomshef, dlrm wflrkon,
lom oht mkggkcuat th whri.
Pkof wls usfm ghr tdf mrlwfr
jhxfs lom tdf jlci salts.
Jhtd whhms lrf rflmkay
lvlkaljaf lt dhef cfotfrs
lt l ehmfrltf prkcf. Ehst
dhef-cfotfr auejfr ks ekaafm
th 3 ⁍ =-ko. tdkciofss, sh tdf
jhlrm‛s nrlko sdhuam jf flsy
th sff. Hocf yhu‛vf cut tdf
bhkots, lssfejakon tdks pkfcf
ks strlkndtghrwlrm.
CLSF ELMF ^K ]D ZLJJF]S, MLMHFS, LOM NZHHWFS
Glasf mrlw3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci
Mrlwfr mkvkmfr
Plrtktkho,< ⁍ : ko. tdkci jy
4< ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy;< ⁍ 4 ko. tlaa
Sthppfm mlmh,3 ⁍ <7 ko. mffp jy < ⁍ = ko.wkmf jy ; ko. ahon
<< ⁍ 4 ko.
<4 ko.
3< ⁍ : ko.
<63 ⁍ = ko.
<6 ko.
43 ⁍ = ko.
=< ⁍ = ko.
<< ⁍ = ko.
<0 ko.
<;< ⁍ : ko. <03 ⁍ = ko.
Sthppfm mlmh,3
⁍ <7 ko. mffpjy < ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy
4< ⁍ 4 ko. ahon
]hp
Chvf, < ⁍ : ko.
Mrlwfr nukmf,3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci
Wlalocf
Mrlwfr skmfs, 3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci jy
3< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy 4 ko. ahon Mrlwfr grhot, 3 ⁍ 4 ko.tdkci jy 3< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy
73 ⁍ = ko. ahon
Mrlwfr jhtthe,3 ⁍ <7-ko.-tdkci paywhhm
Jlci salt,3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci
Clsf skmf, 3 ⁍ =
tdkci jy <0 kojy <63 ⁍ 4 ko. ah
Nrhhvf, < ⁍ = ko.
mffp jy 3 ⁍ 4 ko.wkmf, kosft < ⁍ : ko.
grhe fmnf
Zljjft,3 ⁍ 4 ko. mffpjy 3 ⁍ 4 ko.
wkmf
]honuf,< ⁍ = ko. tdkci
jy 3 ⁍ <7 ko.ahon
Mlmh, < ⁍ = ko.
mffp jy3 ⁍ = ko. wkmf
Sthppfm mlmh, 3 ⁍ 4 ko.
mffp jy 3 ⁍ 4 ko. wkmfjy ;6 ⁍ 4 ko. ahon
Vppfr lom ahwfr sdfavfs,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy ;< ⁍ 4 ko. wkmf
jy <> ko. ahon
3> ⁍ 4 ko. = ko.
<03 ⁍ = ko.
VOMFZSKMF
HG CLSF ]HP
33 ⁍ = ko.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N7= Mrlwkons2 Wko
Cut sthppfm mlmhfs
wktd l rhutfr.
Cut nrhhvflom mlmhfs
ho tdf
tljafslw.
Cut thonufs ho
tdf tljafslw.
Cut bh
tdf tl
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jut tdf tljafslw mhfso‛t whri wfaa ghr sthppfm rljjfts. [hu‛aa
offm th jury tdf mlmh sft sakndtay ko l slcrkgkckla gfocf lttlcdfmth tdf rkp gfocf. Gkof lmbustefots th tdf wkmtd hg tdf rljjft lrf
bust l elttfr hg ehvkon tdf rkp gfocf lom tfstkon tdf cut ho l
pkfcf hg scrlp.Sthppfm rljjft8 Lnlko, usf tdf rhutfr”]dfrf lrf spfckla rlj-
jftkon jkts tdlt chef wktd l ouejfr hg nukmf jflrkons ghr vlrkhus
stlomlrm grlctkhola-skzfm rljjfts2 < ⁍ = ko., 3 ⁍ 4 ko., lom sh ho (sff pdhth,
p. 73). ]df mfptd hg tdf rljjft, hg chursf, ks vlrkljaf, chotrhaafm jy
dhw glr tdf jkt stkcis hut grhe tdf rhutfr jlsf.
Akif fvfryhof fasf, K jhundt l jflrkon-nukmfm jkt wdfo K stlrtfm
whhmwhrikon. Jut ohw wdfo K cut rljjfts wktd l rhutfr, K hgtfogkom eysfag uskon l stlomlrm strlkndt jkt. Ghr hof, tdf selaafr
mkleftfr aflvfs afss cdksfa whri th mh lt tdf fom hg l sthppfm
rljjft. Lom usulaay tdf jhlrm hr plofa K‛e gkttkon koth l rljjft ksl jkt uomfr hr hvfr l stlomlrm skzf. Kostflm hg tdf jflrkon, K usf
tdf fmnf nukmf (ho l dlomdfam rhutfr) hr tdf gfocf (ho tdf rhutfr
tljaf) th sft tdf rljjft wkmtd. •
Lsl Cdrkstklol ks fmkthr hg Gkof hhmwhrikon .
]df grhot, jlci, lom skmfs hg tdf mrlwfr jhxfs lrf choofctfm jy mlmh lom
rljjft bhkots cut ho tdf tljafslw. ]df glasf grhots lrf ehuotfm wktd scrfws
lgtfr tdf mrlwfrs dlvf jffo lssfejafm.
Zljjft,3 ⁍ <7 ko.
mffp jy< ⁍ = ko. wkmf
Mlmh, 3 ⁍ <7 ko.mffp jy < ⁍ 4 ko.
wkmf
Mrlwfr skmf
Mrlwfr-jhx grhot,3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci
Glasf mrlwfr grhot
Nrhhvf ghr
mrlwfr jhtthe,3 ⁍ <7 ko. jy 3 ⁍ <7 ko.
L \VKCI LOM S]VZM[ MZL^FZ
Plyhgg.
clrfgua s
yhu clo
cut tkndt
mlmhfs
rljjfts
strhon m
jhx ho ttljafslw
Nhhm gfocfs. Ghr olrrhw pkfcfs, usf l ektfr gfocf th pus
sthci hvfr tdf jalmf.
Jlciup. ^dfo cuttkon mlmhfs lom rljjfts ho tdf tljaf-
slw, jlci up tdf whripkfcf wktd scrlp th lvhkm jahwhut
lt tdf fom hg tdf cut.
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Vsf tdf rhutfr, tljafslw,
lom l chupaf hg bkns
th elif tdfe ghhaprhhg
J [ B F G G E K A A F Z
]
df ehrtksf-lom-tfo-
ho bhkot ks hof hg tdf
strhonfst whhmwhri-
kon bhkots. Ghr elxkeue strfontd, tdksbhkot offms nhhm chotlct jftwffo ahon-
nrlko surglcfs”tdhsf ho tdf skmfs hg tdf
ehrtksf lom tdf cdffis hg tdf tfoho. ]dlteflos tdf ahon-nrlko surglcfs eust jf galt,
sehhtd, lom plrlaafa. Bust ls kephrtlot, tdf
gkt jftwffo tdhsf surglcfs eust jf soun.K cut ehrtksfs wktd l pauonf rhutfr, l
strlkndt jkt, lo fmnf nukmf, lom l sdhp-
elmf bkn. ]fohos lrf cut ho tdf tljafslw wktd l tfohokon bkn. ]df elcdkof whri
nfofrlaay prhmucfs l gkt tdlt‛s rkndt ho.
Kg kt kso‛t, tdf gkola gkttkon ks mhof wktd l
gfw dlom thhas. Laa hg tdf tfcdokqufs lrf
skepaf lom fggkckfot, lom tdfy rf
pfrgfct-gkttkon bhkots.
Cut tdf ehrtksfs gkrstKo nfofrla, kt‛s jfst th cut tdf ehrtks
lom tdfo cut tdf tfohos th gkt tdfeVsf l pauonf rhutfr lom l str
jkt ”L pauonf rhutfr ks prftty e
eust th cut ehrtksfs. Loy fgghrt th
jkt hg l gkxfm-jlsf rhutfr koth l whr
th crfltf l ehrtksf ks mlonfrhus, l
lash akifay th prhmucf lo kolccurlt
Elif l bkn th nukmf tdf rhutfr”
l vfry skepaf bkn wktd tdrff whhmfo
l jhmy, l splcfr strkp, lom l nukmf
L plkr hg dham-mhwos elmf j
Lmbustljaf Calep Ch., styaf Oh
CV] EHZ]KSFS G KZS]
Hocf tdf bkn ks elmf, kt tlifs akttaf tkef th rhut l
ehrtksf. L stlomlrm strlkndt jkt whris bust gkof,
latdhund l spkrla upcut jkt mhfs l jfttfr bhj hg
caflrkon cdkps grhe tdf ehrtksf.
Sft tdf jkt mfptd. ^ktd tdf mfskrfm
ehrtksf mfptd elrifm ho tdf whripkfcf,
lmbust tdf jkt mfptd ho tdf rhutfr.
Cfotfr tdf jkt. Lgtfr elrikon tdf ahclt
hg tdf ehrtksf, lmbust tdf fmnf nukmf th
tdf jkt ko tdf ehrtksf.
Calep tdf whripkfcf th tdf ehrtkskon bkn. L plkr hg
sturmy dham-mhwos locdhrs tdf whripkfcf th tdf bkn.
Mrlwkons2 Wkocf Jljli9 pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 ]he Jfnola9 tdks plnf (thp afgt)2 Ifaay B. MG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N77
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
Ehrtksf-lom-]foho Bhkot
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LVTKAKLZ[ GFOCF ZKMFS KO L NZ
Zhutfr
fmnf nukmf
Luxkaklry gfocf,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy <6 ⁍ 4 ko.
wkmf jy :0 ko. ahon
Jhmy, 3< ⁍ : ko. sq. jy
30 ko. ahon
Nukmf strk3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci
:< ⁍ : ko. wkm
Splcfr strkp, 3 ⁍ = ko
jy <3 ⁍ = ko. wkmf
Lttlcdf
scrfws
Dham-mhwo
Fxtrl dhafs ghr
dham-mhwos
]dfsf glcfs eust jf
pfrpfomkcualr.
Sthp jahcis ho tdf thp
fosurf tdlt laa ehrtksfs
lrf tdf slef afontd.
Sthp jahci ho tdf
grhot phsktkhos tdf
whripkfcf.
L SKEPAF EHZ]KSKON BKN
Zhutfr
]dks sturmy bkn, usfm wktd l pauonf
rhutfr lom fmnf nukmf, fosurfs wfaa-cut
ehrtksfs. Lo luxkaklr y gfocf, ehuotfm th
tdf fmnf nukmf, sakmfs ko l nrhhvf th iffp
tdf rhutfr jkt ruookon mflm strlkndt.
Zhutfr Zhutf
fmnf n
Jhmy
Nukmf strkp
Splcfr strkp
^hripkfcf
ks calepfm
gausd wktd
tdf thp
hg tdf jhmy.
Sthp jahcis fstljaksd tdf ehrtksf afontd. Sthp
jahcis ho flcd skmf hg tdf rhutfr jlsf akekt tdf
trlvfa hg tdf jlsf.
]lif akndt cuts uotka yhu rflcd tdf gkola mfptd. ]h prhmucf sehhtd, strlknd
ehrtksfs, elif euatkpaf plssfs wktd tdf rhutfr, wktd flcd plss rfehvkon oh e
tdlo < ⁍ 3: ko. hg sthci.
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(3<:-777-07=09 www.lmbustljaf
.che), sfcurf tdf whripkfcf th tdf
^ktd tdf dham-mhwos ko palcf, tdf
cfpts sthci up th ljhut :3 ⁍ = ko. wk whri wktd wkmfr sthci, skepay rfeh
dham-mhwos lom sfcurf tdf whri
wktd l chupaf hg C-caleps. [hu‛aa lash offm th elif l whhmf
kaklry gfocf th lttlcd th tdf fmnf
hg tdf rhutfr. ]df gfocf gkts koth l ncrfltfm jy tdf splcfr lom tdf nukmf
Kt prfvfots tdf fmnf nukmf grhe s
lwly grhe tdf jhmy, lom tdlt
tdf rhutfr clo‛t wlomfr grhe l stakof cut.
Vskon tdf bkn th cut ehrtksfs”S
alykon hut tdf ahcltkho hg tdf ehrttdf whripkfcf. ]dfo calep tdf whr
th tdf jhmy hg tdf bkn. Elif surf t
surglcf hg tdf whripkfcf ks gausd wthp hg tdf bkn.
Lmbust tdf pauonf-rhutfr mfptd s
fstljaksd tdf gkola mfptd hg cut. Pal
rhutfr ho tdf jhmy hg tdf bkn, wkluxkaklry gfocf hg tdf fmnf nukmf
nrhhvf. Lmbust tdf fmnf nukmf uo
rhutfr jkt ks cfotfrfm ko tdf ehrtksf
Calep tdf splcfr ko tdf bkn
lom lnlkost tdf scrlp sthci
ko jlci. Lmbust tdf bkn th akof
up wktd tdf tfoho elri, tdfo
cut tdf gkrst cdffi.
CV] ]DF GKZS] CDFFI
CV] ]FOHOS ALS]
<
Vsf tdf ehrtksf
th aly hut tdf tfoho
Jutt tdf fom hg tdf pkfcf th jf
tfohofm lnlkost tdf ehr tksf, tdfo
elri tdf tfoho afontd (jfahw) lom
tdkciofss (rkndt).
^hripkfcf
Splcfr
]ljafslw jalmf
]fohokon bkn
Splcfr-grff sfchom cut. Lgtfr elikon t
cdffi cut, rfehvf tdf splcfr lom sakmf h
whripkfcf th calep kt mkrfctay lnlkost tdf
ZFEHWF ]DF SPLCFZ LOM
CV] ]DF SFCHOM CDFFI
:
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N74
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hg tdf tfoho ks fstljaksdfm ko bust twh cuts2
hof wktd tdf splcfr ko palcf lom hof
wktd kt rfehvfm. ]df splcfr lutheltkclaay
crfltfs tdf tfoho tdkciofss yhu wlot. ]dftdkciofss hg tdf splcfr sdhuam jf l dlkr
afss tdlo tdf wkmtd hg tdf ehrtksf paus tdf
wkmtd hg tdf slwjalmf ifrg. Mh tdf koktklasftup wktd l tfst pkfcf hg scrlp sthci.
Vsf hof hg tdf ehrtksfs th elri tdf tfoho
ho tdf tfst pkfcf. Zlksf tdf jalmf th fqulatdf tfoho afontd. Elif tdf cut ko l skonaf,
sehhtd plss.
Lgtfr tdf gkrst cut, rfehvf tdf splcfr lom
rfcalep tdf whripkfcf wktd tdf whrikonglcf lnlkost tdf bkn. ]dfo elif tdf sfchom
cdffi cut.
]df sdhuamfr cuts lrf elmf wktd tdfektfr nlunf. Sft tdf jalmf dfkndt th cut
bust sdy hg tdf tfoho cdffi. Calep l sthp
jahci th tdf rkp gfocf th fstljaksd tdf mks-tlocf grhe tdf fom hg tdf tfoho th tdf
sdhuamfr cut.
]df ektfr nlunf lash ks usfm th elif tdf
sdhuamfr cuts ho flcd fmnf hg tdf tfoho. Ktdfo usf l cdksfa hr l tfoho slw th elif
tdf twh vfrtkcla cuts tdlt fstljaksd tdf gkola
wkmtd hg tdf tfoho.
Latdhund yhu clo usf l cdksfa th
tdf ehrtksf chrofrs th eltcd tdf tf
ks eucd flskfr th rhuom tdf tfoho c
wktd l rlsp. Gkolaay, lppay l akndt (< cdlegfr laa lrhuom tdf fom hg tdf t
Elif lmbustefots th nft l pfrgfMfspktf ey jfst fgghrts, K sheftke
up wktd l bhkot tdlt mhfso‛t gkt ls wfa
akif. dfo tdlt dlppfos, l akttaf dlo whri dls tdf bhkot gkttkon bust rkndt.
Hof hg tdf ehst fggfctkvf thhas gh
okon tfohos ks l sdhuamfr palof.
cuttkon wktd l sdhuamfr palof, rfehfqula lehuot hg eltfrkla lcrhss td
wkmtd hg tdf tfoho. Kt‛s oht uochee
rfehvf akttaf eltfrkla lt tdf jfnkooko
cut lom thh eucd eltfrkla lt tdf fo
]fohos lrfo‛t lawlys thh tdkci lgtf
chef hgg tdf tljafslw9 sheftkefs td
up l jkt thh tdko. ^dfo tdlt dlppfo
bhkot usulaay clo jf slavlnfm jy na
pltcd hg whhm th hof hr jhtd cdff
Bfgg Ekaafr jukams gurokturf ko dks Cdkclnh s
(www.gurokturfelikon.che). Df lash tflcd
wrktfs ljhut whhmwhrikon.
Ofxt, scrfw twh sthp jahcis th tdf thp
hg tdf bkn, hof ho flcd skmf hg tdf rhutfr
jlsf, phsktkhofm sh tdlt tdf jkt sthps wdfo
kt rflcdfs flcd fom hg tdf ehrtksf. ^dfo cuttkon ehrtksfs ko ehrf tdlo hof
whripkfcf, lmm l sthp jahci th tdf grhot
hg tdf bkn sh yhu clo qukciay phsktkho flcdofw pkfcf th jf ehrtksfm.
Ohw yhu‛rf rflmy th stlrt cuttkon. ]ry oht
th rfehvf ehrf tdlo < ⁍ 3: ko. hg sthci pfr
plss. Ls yhu cut, ehvf tdf rhutfr sehhtday
jlci lom ghrtd, uskon tdf sthps th akekt tdf
ehrtksf afontd. Chotkouf cuttkon lom ahw-
frkon uotka yhu rflcd tdf mfptd-sthp sfttkon
tdlt rfprfsfots tdf guaa ehrtksf mfptd.
Cut tfohos th gkt tdf ehrtksfs ^ktd tdf ehrtksfs cut, yhu clo stlrt whrikon
ho tdf tfohos. Laehst loy sturmy tljafslw
tfohokon bkn wkaa whri, ls ahon ls kts nukmf
jlr ks soun ko tdf ektfr-nlunf saht. ]h dfap
prfvfot tflrhut, jlci up tdf whripkfcf
wktd l pkfcf hg scrlp sthci (sff pdhth ghr
stfp :, glckon plnf).Ify th tdks systfe ks l sdhpelmf whhmfo
splcfr tdlt‛s usfm wktd tdf tfohokon bkn.
]df splcfr ks skzfm sh tdlt tdf tdkciofss
Vsf tdf ektfr nlunf lom l sthp jahci. Ghr choskstfot tfoho
sdhuamfrs, calep tdf sthp jahci th tdf rkp gfocf lom elif tdf
sdhuamfr cuts uskon l ektfr nlunf.
CV] ]DF ]FOHO SDHVAMFZS
Gkoksd tdf tfoho jy dlom. Vsf l rlsp th rhuom hvfr tdf fmnfs hg tdf
tfoho th eltcd tdf ehrtksf, tdfo cdlegfr tdf fom th ekokekzf nauf
squffzf-hut.
3
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Pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 Eltt Jfrnfr9 tdks plnf (thp afgt)2 Ifaay B. Muotho9 mrlwkons2 Wko
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
Zlksfm PlofasDhw th lcdkfvf nrflt rfsuats
lt tdf rhutfr tljaf hr tdf tljafslw
J [ E L ] ] D F ^ ] F L N V F
ZLKSF L PLOFA L] ]DF ZHV]FZ ]LJAF
Plofa-rlkskon rhutfr jkts chef ko twh styafs, jhtd hg wdkcd crfltf l galt thonuf lom l jfvfa.
^ktd flcd jkt, tlif euatkpaf plssfs lom kocrflsf tdf mfptd hg tdf cut wktd flcd plss.
Cut tdf ahon-nrlko skmfs lgtfr tdf crhss-nrlko foms th caflo up
loy tflrhut. Vsf l pusd jahci lom l stflmy gffm rltf ho tdf gkola
plss ghr l sehhtd gkoksd.
]lif akndt plssfs wktd
l vfrtkcla plofa-rlkskon
jkt. ]dfy tfom th prhmucf
l rhundfr surglcf tdlo l
dhrkzhotla jkt, jut l clrm
scrlpfr hr slomplpfr wkaa
caflo tdkons up.
]dfsf alrnf-mkleftfr jkts rfqukrf
l vlrkljaf-spffm rhutfr sft lt
<0,000 rpe. Vsf l gfltdfrjhlrm th
iffp tdf plofa galt lnlkost tdf tljaf.
DHZKRHO]LA ZHV]FZ JK]Gfocf
Gfltdfr-
jhlrm
^hri-
pkfcf ]dfsf jkts sdhuam
jf ruo jftwffo
<4,000 rpe lom
::,000 rpe. Vsf
l gfltdfrjhlrm th
iffp tdf plofa
soun lnlkost tdf
tlaa gfocf.
WFZ]KCLA
ZHV]FZ JK]Gfocf
^hripkfcf
Gfltdfrjhlrm
pkfcf K‛e jukamkon lom tdf ouejfr hg
plofas K dlvf th cut, K usf l rhutfr tljaf hr
l tljafslw hutgkttfm wktd l plofa-rlkskon
bkn. ^dltfvfr eftdhm yhu cdhhsf, stlrt
wktd l plofa tdlt ks skzfm th tdf hpfo-
kon ko tdf grlef paus tdf mfptd hg tdf
nrhhvfs”ekous bust l akttaf ko tdf wkmtdth lcchuot ghr whhm ehvfefot.
]wh eftdhms lt tdf rhutfr tljafZlkskon l plofa wktd kts glcf ho tdf tljaf
uskon l dhrkzhotla rhutfr jkt ks slgf lom fggk-
ckfot, jut kt claas ghr l vlrkljaf-spffm rhutfr.
Grlef-lom-plofa chostructkho ks
lehon tdf whhmwhrifr‛s nrflt-
fst kovfotkhos. Oht hoay mhfs kt
shavf eloy hg tdf prhjafes wf
fochuotfr wktd whhm ehvfefot, jut kt
lash ahhis nhhm, crfltkon vksula kotfrfst
jy lmmkon sdlmhw akofs lom rfgafctkon akndtlcrhss mkggfrfot palofs.
]dfrf lrf laehst ls eloy wlys th cut
rlksfm plofas ls tdfrf lrf thhas ko tdf
whrisdhp. ^dkaf tdf sdlpfr ks prhjljay
tdf ehst fggkckfot, eloy whhmwhrifrs
mho‛t hwo l sdlpfr. Mfpfomkon ho tdf
JFWFAFM ]HONVF
GAL] ]HONVF
L rlksfm plofa cut wktd l rhutfr jkt dls
galt thonuf, wdkcd laahws tdf plofa th s
lom fxplom ehrf grffay koskmf tdf grle
^dfo cut wktd dlom thhas hr ho tdf tlj
tdf thonuf ks lo fxtfoskho hg tdf jfvfa
]^H ][PFS HG ]HONVFS
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N>0
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Jfclusf tdfsf jkts lrf sh alrnf ko mkleftfr,
mkla jlci tdf rhutfr th ljhut <0,000 rpe.
Kg yhu‛rf rlkskon euatkpaf plofas, yhu offm
th elri hut hoay tdf tdkciofss th jf rf-
ehvfm ho tdf gkrst plofa. ]df wkmtd hg tdf
jfvfa ks mftfrekofm jy tdf jflrkon ho tdf
rhutfr jkt. Scrkjf l akof ho tdf fmnf hg tdf
plofa th komkcltf tdf thonuf‛s tdkciofss.
Stlrt rhutkon ho tdf crhss-nrlko foms lom
tdfo rhut tdf ahon-nrlko skmfs. ]lif tdrff th
gkvf plssfs, mfpfomkon ho tdf mfoskty lom
tdkciofss hg tdf whhm, rlkskon tdf jkt wktd
flcd plss uotka yhu rflcd tdf gkola mfptd.
Kg yhu‛rf rlkskon ehrf tdlo hof plofa, rhut
flcd plofa ko hrmfr jfghrf rlkskon tdf jkt.
]h nulrlotff l caflo cut, elif surf yhur
alst plss rfehvfs oh ehrf tdlo < ⁍ <7 ko.
Glcf lnlkost tdf gfocf” [hu clo rlksf
l plofa lt tdf rhutfr tljaf uskon l vfrtkcla
plofa-rlkskon jkt jurkfm ko l tlaa luxkaklry
gfocf. ]dks eftdhm rfqukrfs yhu th tlif
akndt plssfs, lom yhur rhutfr sdhuam jf
ruookon lt <4,000 rpe th ::,000 rpe.
Lnlko, cut tdf crhss-nrlko foms jfghrf tdfahon-nrlko skmfs lom tlif sfvfrla plssfs,
ehvkon tdf tlaa gfocf lgtfr flcd cut. Ghr
slgfty‛s slif, usf l gfltdfrjhlrm ehuotfm
dknd ho tdf plofa th fosurf tdlt tdf whri-
pkfcf stlys soun lnlkost tdf tlaa gfocf.
Plofa-rlkskon ho tdf tljafslw ]df tljafslw, usfm wktd l plofa-rlkskon bkn,
ks tdf glstfst wly th rlksf plofas. ]df bkn
clo jf usfm lnlko lom lnlko. K lash
usf ekof th cut wkmf cdlegfrs ho
selaa tljafthps.
Gkrst, cut l tfst jfvfa ho scrlpeltfrkla tdf slef tdkciofss ls tdf
plofa. Lke ghr l thonuf tdlt gkts
ko tdf nrhhvf lom wkaa aflvf shef
rhhe koskmf tdf nrhhvf ghr tdf
plofa th fxplom. ]dfo eflsurf
tdf wkmtd hg tdf jfvfa th mftfrekof
tdf ahcltkho hg tdf sdhuamfr.
]h fstljaksd tdf sdhuamfr, sft tdf
tljafslw gfocf th tdf wkmtd hg tdf
jfvfa ho yhur tfst cut, lom rlksf
tdf jalmf th ljhut 3 ⁍ <7 ko. ]dfo ruo
laa ghur skmfs hg tdf plofa tdrhund
tdf tljafslw. Ofxt, calep tdf plo-fa th tdf bkn lom lakno tdf gfocf ghr
tdf chrrfct thonuf tdkciofss. Zlksf
tdf jalmf sh tdlt kt bust rflcdfs tdf
sdhuamfr lom jfnko cuttkon. •
Elttdfw ]flnuf ks l whhmwhrifr lom l
wrktfr ko Olsdvkaaf, ]foo.
ZLKSF L PLOFA
HO ]D F ]LJAFS L^
Sft tdf tljafslw jalmf th ;0° lom jukam l tljafsl
tdlt dhams tdf plofa lt lo lonaf. Ko tdks clsf, l >6
crfltfs l <6° jfvfa. Jfghrf cuttkon tdf plofas, el
tfst cuts wktd scrlpwhhm.
Jfnko lt tdf sdhuamfr. Elif l3 ⁍ <7 -ko.-mffp cut ho laa ghur skmfs
uskon tdf tljafslw.
Calep tdf plofa th tdf
bkn lom cut. Zlksf tdfjalmf sh tdlt kt rflcdfs
tdf sdhuamfr. Elif tdf
crhss-nrlko plssfs jfghrf
cuttkon tdf ahon-nrlko
skmfs. L stflmy gffm rltf
lom l sdlrp jalmf rfmucf
juro elris. Afgthvfr
elris clo jf caflofm up
wktd l scrlpfr.
JVKAM L PLOFA-ZLKSKON BKN
]dks bkn ks rfaltkvfay strlkndtghrwlrm lom elifs rlkskon l plofa lt tdf tljafslw spffmy lom
slgf. Kt‛s elmf hg 3 ⁍ =-ko.-tdkci paywhhm lom lssfejafm wktd <6 ⁍ 4-ko. mrywlaa scrfws. Jukam tdf
bkn gkr st, tdfo lttlcd tdf lre sh tdlt kt‛s soun hvfr tdf tljafslw gfocf.
Jlsf, ; ko. wkmf
jy <; ko. ahon
]ljaf afm
< ko. wkm
<; ko. ah
Skmf supphrts, ; ko. wkmf
jy >< ⁍ : ko. tlaa
Lre supphrts, :< ⁍ <7 ko. tlaa
(skzf tdfe th gkt yhur plrtkcualr
gfocf) jy 4< ⁍ : ko. ahon
]ljaf, <0 ko. tlaa jy
<; ko. ahon
<6° lonaf
Skmf, :6 ⁍ 4 ko. wkmf
jy <; ko. ahon
Lre hvfr gfocf
thp, 4 ko. wkmf jy
<33 ⁍ = ko. ahon
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E y sdhp ks selaa, wktd hoay tdf ehst jlskc fqukpefot. K
lash dlvf akektfm shurcfs hg dlrmwhhm, chogkokon efth 3 ⁍ =-ko.- hr <-ko.-tdkci sthci. Dhwfvfr, tdfsf hjstlcafs
dlvfo‛t sthppfm ef grhe tlciakon lejktkhus prhbfcts, sucd ls tdf
crhwo ehamkon ho l sfcrftlry K jukat. Alcikon tdkci saljs hg whhm
lom l sdlpfr, K jukat up tdf ehamkon grhe selaafr strkps, wdkcd
K prhgkafm komkvkmulaay uskon l rhutfr. ^dfo naufm thnftdfr, tdf
komkvkmula strkps ghrefm l ehamkon tdlt ahhifm akif kt
wls ekaafm grhe hof pkfcf hg shakm
sthci. Ghaahwkon
ey lpprhlcd, uskon bust l jlskc rhutfr, l gfw rhutfr jkts,
rhutfr tljaf, yhu clo crfltf ehamkons hg laehst kogkoktf v wdkcd wkaa fodlocf tdf lppflrlocf hg yhur whri.
Elif tfepaltfs grhe tdf rhutfr-jkt prhgkafs]dfrf lrf twh wlys th cdhhsf lpprhprkltf ehamkons ghr l p
Hof wly ks th rfsflrcd tdf ehamkons trlmktkholaay usfm h
styaf hg gurokturf yhu lrf jukamkon lom th elif sheftdkon s
]df sfchom wly ks th crfltf yhur hwo mfskno. L mffp e
crfltfs lo fafnlot choclvf prhgkaf suktljaf ghr ehrf ghre
tlkafm gurokturf. L chovfx sdlpf elifs l jhamfr stltfefo
suktljaf th dflvkfr, chuotry-styaf gurokturf.
Lgtfr yhu dlvf l nfofrla mfskno, mrlw l gua
rfctlonaf tdlt eltcdfs tdf dfkndt lom mfptd
ehamkon. ]dfo aly tdf rhutfr jkts yhu kotfom lnlkost shef tdko clrm
lom trlcf tdfkr prhgkaf
Pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 Elri Scdhgkfam9 tdks plnf2 Zhmofy Mklz9 mrlwkons2 CduciG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N>:
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
Vokquf
Ehamkons]df sfcrft ks chejkokon euatkpaf
rhutfr prhgkafs ko l stlci hg pkfcfs
J [ L A L O C D L Z O F [
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l pfocka. Cut hut flcd prhgkaf th crfltf tfepaltfs tdlt clo
jf lrrlonfm ho tdf guaa-sclaf rfctlonaf uotka yhu lrrkvf
lt l mfskno tdlt eltcdfs yhur nhla.
Paly wktd tdf mfptds hg cut lom tdf phsktkhos hg flcd
cut, lom lash try gakppkon shef jkts jy ;0°. ]df ehst
usfgua rhutfr jkts lrf S-sdlpfm2 ]dfy ghaahw l curvf,
nhkon grhe tdkci th tdko. ]dfsf kocaumf fmnf-ghrekon
jkts, sucd ls hnff, rhuomhvfr, lom chvf jkts, paus plofa-
rlkskon jkts. Zhuom-ohsf lom W-nrhhvf styaf jkts lash
whri wfaa ghr crfltkon prhgkafs.
Cdhhsf sthci wktd uokghre nrlko lom chahr
]h elif tdf ehamkon ahhi ls kg kt wfrf crfltfm grhe l skonaf pkfcfhg whhm, tdf strkps offm th eltcd ko chahr lom nrlko plttfro. ]df
flskfst wly th lcdkfvf tdks ks th tlif laa hg tdf strkps grhe hof wkmf
jhlrm tdlt ks uokghre ko lppflrlocf. Lohtdfr wly ks th usf jhlrms
tdlt wfrf cut grhe tdf slef trff, prfgfrljay ko sfqufocf.
Shef rhutfr jkts, sucd ls plofa rlksfrs, dlvf ahonfr prhgkafs lom
sheftkefs rfqukrf l tdkcifr jhlrm tdlo K dlvf ho dlom. Kg yhu
offm th bhko thnftdfr twh jhlrms, eltcdkon tdf nrlko ks cruckla.
Cut l strlkndt-nrlko jhlrm ko dlag, lom tdfo gakp hvfr hof hg tdf
dlavfs hoth tdf htdfr th crfltf twh lmblcfot alyfrs wktd eltcdkon
nrlko lom chahr. [hu clo usf tdf slef trkci wktd gknurfm jhlrms,
jut jfclusf pfrgfct nrlko-eltcdkon ks laehst kephsskjaf, yhu ely
dlvf th rfay ho selaa stfps, hr rfvflas, jftwffo alyfrs hg ehamkon
th chocfla chotrlstkon nrlko plttfros.
Cut prhgkafs ho tdf rhutfr tljaf]dfrf ks oh offm th juy lo fxpfoskvf hr shpdkstkcltfm rhutfr
tljaf. Ekof dls sdhrt afns tdlt laahw ef th palcf kt ho thp hg ey
jfocd wdfo ko usf lom sthrf kt lwly wdfo K‛e mhof. Ehst hg tdf
jkts K usf dlvf jflrkons, lom hgtfo K usf tdfe wktdhut l gfocf.
Ghr slgfty‛s slif, dhwfvfr, yhu clo usf l gfocf ghr tdf gkrst gfw
kotfrefmkltf cuts lom tdfo ehvf kt bust jfyhom tdf jflrkon ghr
MFSKNO ]DF EHAMKON
Vsf tdf tfepaltfs th jukam up mkggfrfot ehamkon mfsknos.
Fxpfrkefot wktd l chejkoltkho hg prhgkafs th lrrkvf lt tdf pfrg
mfskno ghr tdf ehamkon.
MKWKMF ]DF
MFSKNO KO]H
SFC]KHOS
Mkvkmf tdf
ehamkon koth
sakcfs tdlt flcd
rhutfr jkt clo
cut. Shakm akofs
mkvkmf tdf pkfcfs
rhutfm sfplrltfay,
lom tdf mlsdfm
akof sdhws wdfrftwh jhlrms eust
jf naufm thnftdfr
th crfltf tdf
ofcfsslry tdkciofss
ghr l alrnf rhutfr-
jkt prhgkaf.
Elif tfepaltfs. ]rlcf tdf prhgkaf hg flcd rhutfr jkt ho
tdko clrmjhlrm th crfltf tfepaltfs ghr tdf ehamkon.
Skonaf
pkfcf
]wh pkfcfs
naufm thnftdfr
jfghrf rhutkon
Skonaf
pkfcf
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tdf gkola cut. Elif surf yhu dlvf fohund mfptd lmbustefot ho
yhur rhutfr, hocf kt‛s ehuotfm uomfr tdf tljaf, th nft tdf prhgkaf
yhu wlot.
]kps ghr rhutfr slgfty”]h prfvfot tdf selaa strkp grhe jfkon
tdrhwo grhe tdf rhutfr wktd yhur gkonfrs kocdfs grhe kts :6,000-rpe
spkomaf, nauf scrlpwhhm th tdf jlci hg tdf whripkfcf.
Kg yhu usf l gfocf wktd tdf rhutfr tljaf, l plkr hg gfltdfrjhlrms
wkaa dfap iffp olrrhw sthci laknofm ls kt plssfs hvfr tdf jkt (ghr
ehrf, sff pp. ;0-;3). Lash, mho‛t cut tdf guaa mfptd hg tdf prhgkaf
lt hocf9 tlif sfvfrla plssfs. Vsf flrpauns lom laa rfqukrfm slgfty
fqukpefot. Elif surf tdf rhutfr jkt ks tkndtfofm. Lom ofvfr pusd yhur gkonfrs thwlrm tdf spkomaf9 elif surf tdfy pusd plrlaafa th
tdf whhm‛s ehvfefot. ]dks laahws tdfe th nh plst tdf spkomaf
lom oht koth tdf jkt kg tdf whhm sdhuam sdhht hut summfoay.
Lssfejaf tdf strkps koth hof ehamkon Lgtfr cuttkon tdf prhgkafs, rkp lwly tdf scrlpwhhm jlcikon pkfcfs.
Mho‛t whrry ljhut nfttkon lo fvfo surglcf ho tdf jlci hg tdf
ehamkon9 tdlt wkaa chef altfr.
Zfgfr th tdf guaa-skzf mrlwkon th mftfrekof tdf mfptd
rfvfla jftwffo alyfrs hg ehamkon. Kt ks kephrtlot tdlt tdks
hvfralp jf uokghre lahon tdf afontd hg tdf ehamkon. ]d
wly th fosurf tdks lt nauf-up ks th palcf l afontd hg scrlp
jlrs hg tdf caleps th sdke hof sfctkho hg tdf prhgkaf (sff p
glckon plnf). Lash, put tdf nauf jflm thwlrm tdf jlci
hvfralppfm surglcfs th lvhkm squffzf-hut ko tdf rfvfla ko
wdfrf kt ks dlrm th rfehvf.
Ofvfr nauf up ehrf tdlo twh pkfcfs lt hocf. ]dks wly y
chocfotrltf ho hof hvfralp lt l tkef th prfvfot ekstlifs. L
tkndtfo tdf caleps, elif surf tdf pkfcfs mho‛t sakmf hut hgefot. Vsf ls eloy caleps ls ofcfsslry th prfvfot lo uo
nlp grhe lppflrkon ko tdf ekmmaf hg tdf ehamkon.
Alst, rkp tdf gkoksdfm ehamkon th tdf chrrfct wkmtd sdhw
tdf hrknkola mrlwkon, fstljaksdkon l galt jlci tdlt clo jf na
htdfrwksf lttlcdfm th yhur prhbfct.
Lalo Cdlrofy ks lo fonkoffrkon elolnfr lom lo leltfur whhmwhrif
akvfs oflr Shutd Jfom, Kom.
Zhut tdf gkrst sfctkho. ]df thp sfctkho hg
tdf ehamkon ks l pkfcf hg whhm alrnf fohund
th jf cut slgfay wktdhut tdf lmmktkho hg l
scrlpwhhm jlcikon jahci. Ghr slgfty‛s slif,
tdhund, yhu clo usf l gfocf ghr tdf gkrst gfw
kotfrefmkltf cuts9 tdfo ehvf tdf gfocf jf-
yhom tdf jflrkon ghr tdf gkola cut.
Gffm tdf sthci grhe rkndt th afgt wdfo glckon tdf rhutfr. Nukmf tdf whripkfcf grff-
dlom, elikon sfvfrla plssfs th rfehvf hoay selaa lehuots hg whhm flcd tkef. Ho
hoay tdf alst cut hr twh ks tdf whhm nukmfm jy tdf rhutfr jflrkon.
Lakno tdf whripkfcf lom rhutfr jkt. Kostflm
hg ahwfrkon tdf jkt lom crfltkon l alrnf dhaf ko
tdf rhutfr tljaf, rlksf tdf whripkfcf jy ruookon
kt lcrhss l tdko sdfft hg efmkue-mfoskty gkjfr-
jhlrm (EMG) hr dlrmjhlrm calepfm th tdf tljaf.
Selaa jhlrms offm jlcikon jahcis.
clusf tdf ahwfst sfctkho hg tdf ehamkon
sh olrrhw, lttlcd l pkfcf hg scrlpwhhm
iffp gkonfrs lwly grhe tdf rhutfr jkt.
ZHV] ]DF PZHGKAFS
^KMF PZHGKAFS OLZZH^ PZHGKAFS
Loy wkmf pkfcf hg scrlpwhhm clo jf usfm
ls l jlcikon jhlrm ghr l olrrhw ehamkon.
Jut elif surf tdf ehamkon ks dfam ko tdf
chrrfct hrkfotltkho th tdf rhutfr jkt.
]DF KEPHZ]LOCF HG JLCIKON JHLZMS
Jfclusf hg tdf lehuot hg whhm th jf
rfehvfm jy tdf plofa-rlkskon jkt, tdks
sfctkho rfqukrfs tdlt sfvfrla pkfcfs hg
scrlpwhhm jf naufm th kt ghr stljkakty
lom slgfty murkon rhutkon.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N>=
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Hof stfp lt l tkef. Nauf thnftdfr hoay twh
sfctkhos lt l t kef (ljhvf) lom cdfci tdf bhkot
clrfguaay ls prfssurf ks lppakfm. ]h fstljaksd tdf
rfvfla jftwffo twh sfctkhos hg ehamkon, usf l
splcfr hg tdf chrrfct tdkciofss (rkndt).
Chotkouf lmmkon sfctkhos. Jfclusf loy nlps
jftwffo sfctkhos hg ehamkon wkaa jf chospkcu-
hus, usf ouefrhus caleps th lppay fvfo prfs-
surf hvfr tdf wdhaf afontd.
NAVF VP ]DF S]ZKPS
Jfghrf tdf strkps hg ehamkon lrf naufm
thnftdfr, rkp lwly tdf scrlpwhhm jlcikon
jahcis. ]dfo prhcffm ls sdhwo.
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^ dfo tdf tlai turofm th thh
rfcfot whhmwhrifrs‛ ef
K surprksfm eysfag jy o
rhutfr tfepaltfs ls ey glvhrktf. Mh
ef wrhon2 K ahvf dlom thhas lom usfchostlotay, jut ey whri whuam j
fggkckfot lom afss prhgktljaf wktdhu
skepaf jut vfrsltkaf bkns.Elikon tdf tfepaltf ktsfag laahws
crfltf lom gkof-tuof gurokturf ghres
cuttkon koth fxpfoskvf sthci. ]fepal
ef sff tdf mfskno guaa-skzf lom ko r
th tdf htdfr plrts hg l pkfcf, oht th
tkho tdlt tdfy elif kt flsy th rfpr
kmfotkcla plrts. Laehst laa tfepaltf-rhutkon hpfr
rfqukrf hoay l dlomgua hg thhas, koc
l rhutfr, twh cheeho jflrkon-nukmf
l jlomslw, l slomfr, lom l sdhpelm
paltf. ktd tdhsf ktfes lom l gfw mr
thhas, sucd ls l cheplss hr fvfo curvfs, yhu lrf guaay fqukppfm th
loy tfepaltf-rhutkon bhj.
Elikon l tfepaltf]fepaltfs clo jf elmf grhe lo
sdfft eltfrkla wktd fohund strfont
tdkciofss th nukmf tdf jflrkon ho ljkt. Ko l pkocd K‛vf fvfo usfm scrl
plofakon lom ham crltf auejfr, ju
lrf jfttfr cdhkcfs. Elkoay, K usf
tdkci Elshoktf ghr hof-hggs lom < ⁍ =-ko
Jlatkc-jkrcd paywhhm ghr prhmuctkh
paltfs tdlt offm th alst. Jhtd eltfrkla
tdf jlskc cdlrlctfrkstkcs hg mkefo
stljkakty lom choskstfocy (oh dlrm
sphts), lom lrf rflmkay lvlkaljaf.Mrlw tdf plttfro”]rustkon yh
ks tdf qukcifst rhutf th nfttkon tdf
yhu wlot ko l tfepaltf, jut mrlwko
wkaa dfap.K usulaay jfnko jy siftcdkon tdf tfe
plttfro mkrfctay ho tdf surglcf hg tdf
pkfcf, fspfcklaay wdfo K‛e whrikon
sfrvf tdf nrlko ko l plrtkcualr jhlrm
K‛e sltksgkfm wktd tdf sdlpf, K trlosg
tdf tfepaltf sthci. ^dfo mrlwkon tdf plttfro ho td
paltf, kt‛s l nhhm kmfl th lmm lt afls
Pdhths2 Eltt Jfrnfr9 mrlwkons2 Wko
]dfsf nukmfs aft yhu
crfltf fafnlot curvfs
lom gurokturf plrts
J [ M H V N P F ] F Z E L O
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N>7
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
Zhutfr ]fepaltfs
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hg eltfrkla aflm-ko lom fxkt jfyhom tdf whripkfcf fmnf wdfrfvfr phsskjaf. ^ktd-
hut kt, tdf jkt clo cltcd ls yhu try th elif
tdf gkrst chrofr hg tdf tfepaltf efft tdfjflrkon. Jfakfvf ef, K‛vf mhof kt.
^dftdfr yhu mrlw l plttfro grffdlom
hr wktd mrlwkon thhas, yhu hgtfo wkaa jf
afgt wktd juepy akofs lom rhund trlosktkhos
tdlt offm th jf sehhtdfm hut. ]df trkci
th lcdkfvkon l sehhtd, hr glkr, curvf ks th
nft yhur fyfs rkndt mhwo oflr tdf mrlwkon
surglcf lom ahhi lahon tdf akof. Jueps
lom mkps lrf flsy th sff, jut lash ahhi ghr
trlosktkhos tdlt lrf thh ljrupt. hri yhur wly lahon tdf akof, rfgkokon kt uotka tdf
curvfs lrf glkr.Zhund-cut ho tdf jlomslw, tdfo
slom” ^dfo rhund-cuttkon tdf tfepaltf,
iffp tdf jalmf ljhut < ⁍ <7 ko. grhe tdf pfocka
akof th aflvf fohund sthci ghr slomkon lom
gkola sehhtdkon.
]h nft th tdf gkola sdlpf, usf l stltkholry
jfat slomfr. K usf twh”l 7-ko. jfat lom l
<-ko. jfat”lom ruo jhtd wktd tdf tljaf pfr-
pfomkcualr th tdf vfrtkcla jfat. Ghr tkndt
koskmf curvfs, l slomkon mrue ehuotfm ko
tdf mrkaa prfss ks kmfla.Phwfr slomkon th l akof kovhavfs l gfw
skepaf ruafs. Gkrst, iffp tdf eltfrkla ehv-
kon sehhtday wktd fvfo spffm lom akndt
prfssurf. Ofvfr aft kt sthp. Sfchom, ghr hptk-
ela chotrha, try th dlvf tdf wlstf chef hgg
sh tdlt yhu dkt tdf akof bust ls tdf tfepaltfplssfs tdf trlkakon fmnf hg tdf jfat hr tdf
cfotfr hg tdf mrue. ]dks nkvfs yhu hof
spht th wltcd lom tdf cheghrt tdlt tdf rfst
hg tdf ljrlskvf jfat ks slgfay cuttkon wlstf.
Gkolaay, whri ho jueps lom mkps jy slom-
kon tdf lrfls lrhuom tdfe. Stlrt jfghrf tdf
gluat, slom sehhtday tdrhund kt, lom clrry
ho l jkt jfyhom.
Kg yhu mho‛t dlvf phwfr-slomkon fqukp-
efot, tfepaltfs clo jf sehhtdfm jy dlom,
uskon fktdfr gkafs hr slomplpfr. K prfgfr gkafs
jfclusf kt‛s flskfr th iffp l squlrf
wktd tdfe. Vsf l galt gkaf lahon tdf fm
chovfx curvfs, lom l dlag-rhuom hr
gkaf phkotfm mklnholaay lcrhss tdf tfe
jut stkaa ehvkon lahon tdf fmnf ghr ch
lrfls. Slom ls tdf alst stfp kg yhu
jut usf l vfry gkre hr dlrm jahci thrhuomkon tdf fmnf. ]h cdfci yhur
sakmf yhur dlom hvfr tdf gkoksdfm p
ELIKON L SEHH]D ]F EPAL]F
Nauf scrlp jahcis th tdf tfepaltf. ]df
prfvfot tdf jkt grhe cdkppkon lwly tdf chro
tdf whripkfcf upho fxkt lom fotry.
Cut lom slom tdf tfepaltf. Lgtfr rhundkon hut tdf tfepaltf ho tdf jlomslw”cuttkon < ⁍ <7 ko.
hutskmf tdf akof”sehhtd tdf tfepaltf th kts gkola sdlpf uskon l jfat slomfr (afgt) ghr g alt hr cho-
vfx lrfls lom l mrue slomfr (rkndt) ghr koskmf curvfs. Sujtaf krrfnualrktkfs lrf mkggkcuat th sff, sh
kospfct yhur tfepaltf ghr mkps lom jueps jy ruookon yhur dlom lcrhss kts fmnf.
Cut tdf whripkfcf ho l
jlomslw th wktdko< ⁍ <7 ko.
hg kts gkola sdlpf.
^hripkfcf
Scrlp jahcis dfap p
jahwhut ls tdf jkt f
lom fxkts tdf whrip
Sfcurf tdf
whripkfcf wktd
mhujaf-glcfm tlpf.
]fepaltf
Fxtrl
eltfrkla
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gkom loy jueps hr mkps. Sehhtd tdf
ls offmfm.
Vskon tdf rhutfr tfepaltfs ^dfo rhutkon l whripkfcf wktd l tfe
K usf jflrkon-nukmfm strlkndt jktlrf iohwo ls gausd-trkeekon jkts
tdf jflrkon ks ho tdf tkp, lom pltt
tfepaltf jkts wdfo tdf jflrkon ks sdloi. [hu offm hof hg flcd typf
lrf < ⁍ :-ko. jkts wktd l cuttfr afontd h
^dfo uskon tdfsf strlkndt jkts wktpaltfs tdlt lrf fxlctay tdf skzf hg t
ksdfm pkfcf, tdfrf‛s oh offm th lmm
ghr l jusdkon, lom oh whrrkfs tdlt l
kon ely jf hgg cfotfr.]df jflrkons sdhuam jf tdf slef
ftfr ls tdf cuttfr pltd th prhmucf l
cut. ]h tfst tdfe, elif hof plss wkt
tdf jkt rkmkon ho tdf tfepaltf fmnf,
sfchom plss wktd tdf jflrkon rkmkon
surglcf tdlt wls bust cut. ]dfrf sdhoh stfp jftwffo tdf gkrst cut lom td
hom cut. Kg tdf jflrkon dls afgt lo ke
]h lvhkm tflrhut wdfo tdf nrlko
cdlonfs mkrfctkho ho l whripkfcf,
gakp tdf pkfcf hoth kts hpphsktf skmf
th rfvfrsf tdf mkrfctkho hg tdf cut.
Kostflm hg rfehvkon tdf tfepaltf
lom rfehuotkon kt ho tdf htdfr skmf,
swktcd grhe l plttfro jkt th l gausd-
trkeekon jkt.
^ktd tdf tfepaltf
ho tdf uomfrskmf
hg tdf whripkfcf,
usf tdf plttfro jkt th
rhut laa hg tdf lrfls
wdfrf tdf jkt ks
cuttkon ko tdf slef
mkrfctkho ls tdf nrlko.
Aflvf tdf rfelkokon
lrfls uocut.
^hripkfcf
Gffm
mkrfctkho
]fepaltf
Jkt
Nukmf
jflrkon
JFNKO ^K]D ]DF ]FEPAL]FHO ]DF JH]]HE
^ktd tdf tfepaltf
ho thp hg tdf whri-
pkfcf, usf tdf
gausd-trkeekon jkt
th rhut tdf rfelkokon
lrfls ko tdf hpphsktf
mkrfctkho.
GAKP ]DF ^HZIPKFCFLOM CDLONF ]DF JK]
^hripkfcf
]fepaltf
Jkt
Nukmfjflrkon
Lrfl
hg cut
]fepaltf
ho thp
]FEPAL]F ZHV]KON
Gffm
mkrfctkho
^hripkfcf
ho thp
Lrfl
hg cut
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N>4
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skho wdfrf kt rhaafm lahon tdf cut surglcf,
kt eflos yhur rhutfr dls fxcfsskvf ruohut,
yhu dlvf l jlm jflrkon, hr tdf jkt mhfs ohtruo truf. Ko laa hg tdfsf clsfs, tdf jflrkon
ks lctkon akif l dleefr ls kt swkons lrhuom
bust hgg tdf cfotfr hg rhtltkho.Sfcurf tdf tfepaltf th tdf whri-
pkfcf”Ghr qukci hof-hgg rhutkon, lttlcd
l tfepaltf wktd mhujaf-glcfm tlpf hr l gfw
nahjs hg dht-efat nauf.
Kg K dlvf th elif sfvfrla plrts wktd tdf
slef tfepaltf, K try th usf caleps (sdhp-elmf cle, wkon outs hr iohjs, thnnaf
calep, ftc.) th dham tdf whri. Wlcuue
calepkon whris wfaa ghr prhmuctkho pkfcfs
wdfrf yhu offm 370° lccfss th tdf pkfcf.Spfckla offms claa ghr crfltkvkty2 ]fepaltfs
clo jf elmf koth twh-skmfm bkns hr bkns
tdlt jhx ko l pkfcf”loytdkon th nft tdftfepaltf sfcurfay ko palcf.
]rke tdf wlstf ho tdf jlomslw” ^ktd
tdf tfepaltf lttlcdfm th tdf whripkfcf,usf l jlomslw th cut lwly tdf juai hg
tdf wlstf. Cut th ljhut < ⁍ <7 ko. grhe tdf
akof laa lrhuom th rfmucf rhutkon tkef. K
usfm th aflvf ehrf whhm lom dhn kt hgg
wktd tdf rhutfr, jut tdhsf dflvy cuts shef-tkefs rlksfm cdkps tdlt rlo koth tdf nrlko
jfahw tdf tfepaltf fmnf. Ghr qukci trke-
ekon”fspfcklaay dlomy wdfo prhmuckoneuatkpaf chpkfs hg l tfepaltf”K lttlcd l
gkonfr nukmf th tdf jlomslw tljafthp th
iffp tdf tfepaltf < ⁍ <7 ko. grhe tdf jlom-slw jalmf. ]dks lash fosurfs tdlt tdf cut
stlys ho tdf wlstf skmf hg tdf whripkfcf.
Vsf l rhutfr tljaf lom twh strlkndt
jkts”K mh ls eucd tfepaltf rhutkon ls
phsskjaf ho tdf rhutfr tljaf. Hoay wdfo
tdf whripkfcf ks thh alrnf th jf chlxfm
lcrhss tdf tljaf wkaa K tlif tdf rhutfr th tdfpkfcf. Sftup ks vfry skepaf2 Bust ehuot tdf
jkt lom rlksf hr ahwfr kt uotka tdf jflrkon
ks akofm up wktd tdf tfepaltf. Ls eucd ls phsskjaf, rhut wktd tdf nrlko.
Kg yhu tdkoi hg tdf nrlko ls l stlci hg pl-
pfr, tdf cuttfr sdhuam jf elikon tdf fmnfhg flcd sdfft akf mhwo, oht akgt up. ]dks
ks wdy yhu offm jhtd typfs hg jflrkon-
nukmfm rhutfr jkts. ]h rhut wktd tdf
ho laa fmnfs hg tdf whripkfcf, yhu
gakp hvfr tdf whripkfcf lom latfroltwffo tdf twh jkts.
Stlrtkon wktd tdf plttfro jkt ko l
tljaf, rhut laa hg tdf lrfls tdlt yh
wktdhut akgtkon tdf nrlko. Cdlonf th tdf
trkeekon jkt, gakp tdf whripkfcf sh td
tfepaltf ks ho thp, lom rhut tdf rfeuocut lrfls, nhkon wktd tdf nrlko.
dlvf trhujaf iffpkon trlci hg nrlko
tkho, mrlw lrrhws ho tdf whrisurglphkot ko tdf mkrfctkho hg tdf nrlko.
Lvhkm cakej cuttkon, wdkcd ks wd
jkt spkos ko tdf slef mkrfctkho ls tdf
pkfcf ks jfkon gfm. ]dks ks mlonfrhusdhuam jf lttfeptfm hoay wdfrf lae
hg tdf wlstf dls jffo trkeefm hgg
sh, lawlys lotkckpltf tdf whripkfcf
puaafm ghrwlrm koth tdf cut, lom iff
dloms hut hg tdf jkt‛s pltd.
Mhun Pftfrelo elifs custhe gurokturf ko
dhef whrisdhp ko Strltghrm, Hot., Clolml
]rhujafsdhhtkon cheeho prhjafes
Kg tdf rhutfr jkt sakps, t
jflrkon wkaa ahsf chotl
wktd tdf tfepaltf, lom
tdf cuttfr wkaa mkn kothwhripkfcf. ]h lvhkm td
thund-th-rfplkr ekstli
elif surf tdf rhutfr-
dfkndt ks ahcifm sfcur
lom iffp stflmy prfss
ho tdf whripkfcf wdka
cuttkon.
Jueps hccur wdfo tdf
tfepaltf ahsfs chotlct
wktd tdf jflrkon. ]dks
hgtfo ks clusfm jy cdkps
keplkrkon tdf fmnf hg tdf
tfepaltf. Lash, elif surf
tdf jflrkon ks ruookon
lnlkost tdf tfepaltf lom
oht tdf whripkfcf, lom
tdfo tlif lohtdfr plss.
J V E P S
Juro elris lrf afgt w
tdf whripkfcf ehvfs
sahway plst tdf jkt9 td
sdhw up whrst ho fom
nrlko. ]h lvhkm juroko
tdf gkoksdfm fmnf, eh
tdf whripkfcf ehrf
qukciay plst tdf jkt gh
tdf gkola plss.
]flrhut rfsuats grhe
cuttkon lnlkost tdf nrlko,
wdfo tdf jkt akgts gkjfrs
lom jrflis hgg selaa
cdkps. Zhutkon wktd tdf
nrlko ks tdf skepafst
shautkho. ^dfo rhutkon
dknday gknurfm whhm, yhu
clo lvhkm tflrhut jy
cdlonkon tdf cuttkon
mkrfctkho ehrf grfqufotay.
] F L Z H V] J VZ OK O N
M K P S
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Gfw whhmwhrifrs fobhy tdf auxury hg lsplckhus sdhp, lom K‛e oh fxcfptkho.
Alcikon tdf splcf ghr eloy alrnf el-
cdkofs, K rfay ho ey rhutfr wdfo jukamkon gur-
okturf. Dhwfvfr, usfm ho kts hwo, tdf rhutfr
ks akektfm ko kts ljkaktkfs. Ehrf hgtfo tdlo oht,
K usf kt ko chobuoctkho wktd vlrkhus sdhpelmf
bkns tdlt kocrflsf kts ljkakty th qukciay lom lc-
curltfay cut ckrcafs, elif fmnf prhgkafs, lom
trke fmnf-jlomkon.
]df ghur bkns kaaustrltfm dfrf lrf laa elmf
grhe paywhhm hr efmkue-mfoskty gkjfrjhlrm
(EMG)”jhtd lrf kofxpfoskvf lom stljaf”lom
rfqukrf hoay l gfw pkfcfs hg dlrmwlrf. [hu clohjtlko loy spfcklakzfm dlomafs hr jhats grhe
rftlkafrs sucd ls Aff Wlaafy (www.affvlaafy.
che9 400-4><-4<64) hr Zhciafr (www.rhciafr.
che9 400-:>;-===<). Lom tdfsf rhutfr bkns lrf
ls flsy th usf ls tdfy lrf th elif.
[fuon Cdlo jukams custhe gurokturf ko Ekaajrlf, Clakg.
Pdhths2 Elri Scdhgkfam9 mrlwkons2 BhdoG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N40
L <3 ⁍ =-ko. jrf
ko tdf saht e
tdf bkn‛s str
Nukmfs,
:< ⁍ : ko. wkmf
jy 6 ko. ahon
Crhsspkfcf,
6 ko. wkmf jy
<: ko. ahon
Cuthut, : ko. mkl.
Zhutfr BknsNft eucd ehrf
grhe yhur rhutfr
wktd flsy-th-elif
lccfsshrkfs
J [ [ F V O N C D L O
Elcdkof scrfw
Out
]wh ehuotkon dhafs aft yhu
whri lrhuom jrflis ko saht.
Pko
Zuoofr
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N40
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]dks bkn clo jf usfm th rhut ckrcafs lom plrtkla ckrcafs wktd l elxke
mkleftfr hg >: ko., jut tdf mfskno clo jf ehmkgkfm ghr htdfr mkleft
Ghr ckrcafs, gkrst mrkaa l < ⁍ =-ko.-mkl. dhaf, < ⁍ = ko. mffp, ko tdf ekmmaf hg tdf w
pkfcf. Kg yhu mho‛t wlot tdf dhaf th sdhw, whri ho tdf uomfrskmf. Ofxt
l phkot ho tdf mfskrfm fmnf hg tdf ckrcaf, palcf tdf safm hvfr tdf jlsf,
tdf bkn‛s pko ko tdf cfotfr dhaf. Ehvf tdf jlsf ko hr hut uotka tdf jkt ks h
elri, tdfo ahci tdf safm.
]uro ho tdf rhutfr lom pauonf mhwo th stlrt lo koktkla cut hg afss tdl
mffp, bust fohund th mfgkof tdf ckrcaf. Vsf l bknslw th cut lwly tdf hut
pkfcfs, aflvkon ljhut < ⁍ 4 ko. hutskmf tdf gkola skzf. ]dks foljafs yhu th s
tdf chrofrs ls tdfy lrf cut hgg. ^ktd ehst hg tdf wlstf rfehvfm, tdf rh
dls th elif hoay l akndt gkola cut. Ho shakm whhm, ply lttfotkho th tdf n
hrkfotltkho lom tdf jkt‛s rhtltkho. Cakej-cut”ehvf tdf rhutfr rkndt th af
hpphsktf tdf ohrela afgt-th-rkndt plttfro”wdfo ofcfsslry th lvhkm tfl
]df gkola cut. ]df rhutfr ohw dls th rfehvf hoay l selaa lehuot hg eltf
crfltkon afss must lom aflvkon l caflo cut.
Zfehvf tdf wlstf. Ghaahwk
trlci afgt jy tdf rhutfr, slw l
tdf wlstf.
Cut pfrgfct ckrcafs lom lrcs
Elif l sdlaahw cut th mfgkof tdf ckrcaf.
]df koktkla cut elmf wktd tdf rhutfr sdhuam
jf hoay ljhut < ⁍ 4 ko. mffp.
Jlsf, > ko. wkmf jy =< ko. ahon
SAFM MF]LKA
Dlrmwhhm ruoofr,< ⁍ : ko. sq. jy 6 ko. ahon,
rkmfs ko saht ko jlsf.
Sahts, < ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy ;< ⁍ = ko. ahon
wktd l < ⁍ :-ko.-wkmf jy 3 ⁍ <7-ko.-mffp
nrhhvf ko tdf jhtthe (sff mftlka
jfahw)
Pko, < ⁍ = ko. mkl. jy lt
aflst :3 ⁍ = ko. ahonPko dhamfr, twh
pkfcfs, flcd : ko.
wkmf jy 6 ko. ahon
^lsdfr
Saht, < ⁍ : ko. wkmf
Dflm hg elcdkof jhat ks
galttfofm ho twh skmfs
th gkt ko tdf nrhhvf.
Ahcikon scrfw
Sft tdf skzf hg tdf ckrcaf. ^ktd tdf pko rfnkstfrfm ko tdf cfotfr
hg tdf whripkfcf, ehvf tdf bkn‛s jlsf uotka tdf koskmf fmnf hg tdf
rhutfr jkt ks laknofm wktd tdf mfskrfm hutskmf fmnf hg tdf ckrcaf.
CrhsspkfcfJlsf
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Kt clo jf mkggkcuat th cut l alrnf plofa ho l tljafslw. ]dks skepaf
bkn clo jf usfm th cut hut l sfctkho grhe l guaa sdfft hg paywhhm hr
EMG hr th caflo up l rhund cut elmf jy l bknslw hr l ckrcualr slw.
Hocf yhu‛vf lssfejafm tdf bkn, ruo tdf rhutfr lahon tdf strlkndt
fmnf hg tdf gfocf th crfltf l eltcdkon strlkndt fmnf ho tdf jlsf. ]h
usf tdf bkn, calep kt lt jhtd foms hg tdf whripkfcf wktd tdf fmnf hg
tdf bkn laknofm wktd tdf mfskrfm cut.
Lawlys usf tdf slef-mkleftfr rhutfr jkt wktd tdks bkn. L selaafr jkt
wkaa cut wkmf hg tdf bkn‛s fmnf,
wdkaf l alrnfr jkt wkaa flt koth
tdf bkn.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N4:
Hof hg tdf dlrmfst plrts hg uskon shakm
whhm th fmnf paywhhm hr alekoltf
plofas ks trkeekon tdf fmnf-jlomkon gausd.
Kg yhu usf l palof, yhu rksi cuttkon tdrhund
tdf tdko paywhhm vfoffr, lom slomkon clo
aflvf crhss-nrlko scrltcdfs ho tdf pay-
whhm. ]dks rhutfr bkn foljafs yhu th qukciay
lom galwafssay trke tdf jlomkon gausd.
Ehuot tdf rhutfr ho tdf bkn, lom sft tdf
mfptd hg tdf jkt sh tdlt kt bust caflrs tdf
paywhhm surglcf. Lmbust tdf nukmf jahci th
lakno tdf jkt sh tdlt tdf clrjkmf tkps
fxtfom bust l dlkr hvfr tdf paywhhm. Calep
tdf nukmf jahci tkndt, lom yhu‛rf rflmy th
stlrt rhutkon.
]h lvhkm tflrhut, yhu wlot th mh l
cakej-cut wktd tdf aflmkon fmnf hg tdf jkt
rhtltkon thwlrm tdf whripkfcf. ]dks clo jf
mlonfrhus kg tdf jkt puaas tdf rhutfr ghrwlrm
uochotrhaaljay. Jut jfclusf tdf lehuot hg
whhm jfkon rfehvfm ks sh selaa, yhu sdhuam
jf ljaf th chotrha tdf rhutfr flskay.Gausd-cut fmnf-jlomkon. ]dks bkn laahw
th cafloay cut shakm-whhm fmnf-jlomkon
wktd l paywhhm plofa.
]rke hr cut alrnf plofas
]rke fmnf-jlomkon qukciay lom cafloay
Zljjft,< ⁍ 4 ko. mff
jy < ⁍ 4 ko.
wkmf, chaaf
slwmust.
Jlsf, < ⁍ = ko. tdkci
jy 60 ko. ahon
Gfocf,< ⁍ : ko. td
:< ⁍ : ko. w
jy 60 ko
Strlkndtfo fmnfs. Zhund-cut tdf
plofa, tdfo caflo up tdf cut wktd
tdks strlkndt-fmnf bkn.
Jfghrf usf, trke tdf jlsf
plrlaafa wktd tdf gfocf.
Fmnf-jlomkon
Paywhhm plofa
Nukmf jahci
]rkeekon
bkn
Nukmf jahci,< ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy
:< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy
>< ⁍ : ko. ahon,
wktd splcfr,
< ko. tdkci jy
<< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy
>
< ⁍ :
ko. ahon Cuthut,
: ko. mkl.
]hp lom jhtthe,< ⁍ :
ko. tdkci jy>< ⁍ : ko. wkmf
jy <> ko. ahon,
hvfralp jy << ko.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N4:
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]dks bkn laahws yhu th sdlpf rhuom chaueos lom phsts usk
rhutfr. ]h usf tdf bkn, gkrst mrkaa l 6 ⁍ <7-ko.-mkl. dhaf, << ⁍ : ko.
ko flcd fom hg tdf whripkfcf, tdfo kosfrt l stffa rhm th dham
whripkfcf koskmf tdf bkn. Ahci l mrkaa sthp ho flcd fom hg tdf
wdfrf kt fotfrs tdf bkn th prfvfot tdf whripkfcf grhe sdkgtkon
yhu cut. Calep twh whhm nukmf pkfcfs th tdf fmnfs hg tdf r
sujjlsf th rfstrkct tdf rhutfr‛s skmf-th-skmf ehvfefot.
]uro ho tdf rhutfr, sahway pauonf mhwo, lom ehvf tdf rhutf
wly up lom mhwo tdf bkn ls yhu sahway rhtltf tdf whripkfcf. L
kocrflsf tdf mfptd hg cut, yhu‛aa crfltf l cyakomfr. ]dfo rfpflt
prhcfss ho tdf htdfr dlag hg tdf whripkfcf. ]drhundhut tdf pr
elif selaa cuts ghr l jfttfr gkoksd lom l slgfr hpfrltkho.
[hu clo lmlpt tdks bkn th crfltf mkggfrfot turokons. Hggsft
dhaf lt hof fom hg tdf bkn th elif tlpfrfm turokons, hr calep
jahcis th tdf ahon skmfs hg tdf bkn th prhmucf sthppfm turokon
Kg yhu mfskno tdf bkn wktd nfotay curvkon skmfs, tdf whripkfcf
jfchef ghhtjlaa sdlpfm ls kt ks turofm.
Elif turokons wktd l rhut
Zhutfr-cut turokons. Jy nukmkon tdf rhutfr jlci lom ghrtd wdkaf turo-
kon tdf whripkfcf, l squlrf jaloi nrlmulaay jfchefs l cyakomfr.
]lpfrfm turokons. Ahwfr tdf dhaf
lt hof fom hg tdf bkn th tlpfr tdf
turofm whripkfcf.
Sthppfm turokons. Calep l sthp
jahci th tdf skmf hg tdf bkn th aflvf
l squlrf sfctkho ho tdf turokon.
Stffa rhm,6 ⁍ <7 ko. mkl.
Mrkaa sthp ks
tkndtfofm
wktd dfx ify.
^hripkfcf
Nukmf pkfcfs,
calepfm th
sujjlsfZhutfr
sujjlsf
^hripkfcf
]df mkefoskhos hg tdf foms
wkaa vlry lcchrmkon th tdf mk
afontd hg tdf turokon.
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df wlaa ofxt th ey jlomslw ks gfs-
thhofm wktd bkns tdlt fxplom tdf vfr-
sltkakty hg tdf jlskc elcdkof. ]dhund
skepaf th jukam, flcd bkn qukciay lom slgfaymfakvfrs tdf prfcksf rfsuats K mfpfom ho. ]dks
hvfrvkfw prfsfots gkvf hg ey glvhrktfs.
Jukam tdfsf bkns grhe Jlatkc-jkrcd paywhhm
hr efmkue-mfoskty gkjfrjhlrm (EMG), lom
lmbust mkefoskhos th gkt yhur jlomslw. Ghr
tdf bkns th whri chrrfctay, tdf jlomslw‛s
jalmf eust cut plrlaafa th tdf gfocf. ]h
lcdkfvf tdks, K cdfci tdlt tdf jlomslw‛s
tkrfs lrf ko nhhm sdlpf (oh nrhhvfs hr
rkmnfs), tdfo sft tdf gfocf plrlaafa th tdf
ektfr-nlunf sahts. Ofxt, K lmbust tdf lonaf
hg tdf uppfr wdffa. Kg tdf jalmf‛s cfotfr-
akof laknos wktd tdf cfotfrakof hg tdf uppfr wdffa, kt wkaa cut plrlaafa th tdf gfocf.
Cdfci jy rkppkon shef scrlp. [hu‛aa
iohw kt‛s rkndt wdfo tdf jlci hg tdf jalmf
ks cfotfrfm ko kts ifrg. Ghr ehrf ho jlom-
slw sftup, sff pp. 30-36.
Ekcdlfa Ghrtuof mfsknos lom jukams gurokturf ko
Alifgkfam, Hot., Clolml.
Dhw th elif prfcksftlpfrs, ckrcafs,
wfmnfs, lom curvfs
J [ E K C D L F A G H Z ] V O F
]
Pdhths2 Elrckl Zylo9 mrlwkons2 B
Jlomsl w BknsJF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N4=
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Bkn sftup. Lmbust tdf rkp gfocf sh tdlt tdf
bkn ks laehst thucdkon tdf jalmf. ]dfo calep
mhwo tdf paywhhm nukmf, wdkcd sdhuam bust
laahw tdf bkn th sakmf.
Laht hg whhmwhrifrs cut tlpfrs ho
l tljafslw, jut K tdkoi kt‛s slgfr
lom bust ls glst ho tdf jlomslw. Lom
uoakif l tljafslw, l jlomslw laahws ghr
sthppfm tlpfrfm cuts. Ey lmbustljaf bkn
sakmfs jftwffo tdf jlomslw‛s gfocf lom
l paywhhm nukmf, wdkcd ks lttlcdfm th
tdf tljaf lom prfvfots tdf bkn grhe wlo-
mfrkon koth tdf jalmf. ]wh skekalr bkns,
hof := ko. ahon lom hof =4 ko. ahon,
lccheehmltf mkggfrfot-skzf whripkfcfs.
]hnnaf caleps clo jf usfm th dham loy
afontd hg whripkfcf sfcurfay.
^dfo tlpfrkon ghur skmfs hg, sly, l
tljaf afn, lawlys rhtltf tdf sthci sh
tdlt tdf ofway tlpfrfm skmf glcfs up.
]dks wly, ghr tdf gkrst twh cuts, tdf
whripkfcf‛s galt skmfs jflr ho tdf
bkn lom kts gfocf. Zhtltkon tdf afn
ghr tdf tdkrm cut palcfs l tlpfr
lnlkost tdf gfocf, jut lo hggcut
jftwffo tdf twh wkaa iffp tdf
afn strlkndt. Ghr tdf ghurtd cut,
lo hggcut lt tdf gfocf lom
lohtdfr palcfm jftwffo tdf afn
lom tdf jfm hg tdf bkn wkaa supphrt
tdf afn. ]df hggcuts lrf tlpfm koth
phsktkho sakndtay ghrwlrm hg tdf sthp
th lccheehmltf tdf whhm ahst th tdf
jlomslw ifrg.
Ahcltf tdf tlpfr‛s stlrt.
tdf jfnkookon hg tdf tlpfr w
tdf fmnf hg tdf bkn lom tknd
kogffm iohj.
Ahcltf tdf tlpfr‛s fom. Elris ho tdf sthci
lakno wktd tdf fmnf hg tdf bkn, wdkcd ks tdf cut
akof. Lgtfr gkxkon tdf hutgffm iohj, lmbust tdf
sthp th caflr tdf jalmf.
Zkp tlpfrslt loy lonaf
Zljjft, th gkt tljaf fmnf
Paywhhm nukmf, 3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci
jy ; ko. wkmf jy <3 ko. ahon
]drflmfm iohj Lmbustljaf sthp,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy
< ko. wkmf
jy 6 ko. ahon
Calepkon jahci, << ⁍ : ko. tdkci
jy << ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy <: ko. ahon
Lmdfskvf-jlcifm
slomplpfr
Paywhhm jlsf, 3 ⁍ = ko.tdkci jy 4 ko. wkmf
jy := ko. ahon
< ⁍ =-:0 dlonfr jhat,
:< ⁍ : ko. ahon
Lmbustljaf gfocf,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy 3 ko.
wkmf jy :6 ko. ahon
Saht, c< ⁍ = ko.
jy <3 ⁍ 4
< ⁍ =-:0 clrrkln
<< ⁍ : ko. ahon
Saht, < ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy 7< ⁍ = ko.
ahon, rfcfssfm ho tdf
uomfrskmf ghr clrrklnf jhat
Pkvht
dhaf
]foho, < ⁍ = ko.
tdkci jy < ⁍ = ko.
mffp, ohtcdfm
ghr dlonfr jhat
Cuthut
ghr tljafthp lmbustfr
<LMBVS]LJAF ]LPFZ
Hof bkn elifs tlpfrs ko l
hg afontds lom lonafs.
Cuthut ghr
jalmf
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]dks ks l usfgua bkn tdlt‛s lash guo.
]df whripkfcf turos ho tdf bkn‛s
pkvht phkot lom cuts ckrcafs lom
lrcs wktd l wkmf rlonf hg rlmkk. Ktdrflm tdf bkn wktd l < ⁍ =-:0 tlp, sh
kt wkaa lccheehmltf loy skzf pkvht
phkot K clrf th nrkom grhe l jhat. ]dfy
clo rlonf grhe tdf guaa < ⁍ =-ko. mkleftfr
ghr dflvkfr pkfcfs th l offmaf phkot ghr
mfakcltf whri. ]h lvhkm l cfotfr elri
ho tdf sthci, lttlcd l slcrkgkckla sur-
glcf th tdf uomfrskmf hg tdf whripkfcf
wktd mhujaf-skmfm tlpf.
]df pkvht phkot ks ko l sakmkon lre
mhvftlkafm koth tdf jhmy hg tdf bkn. ]dks
lre clo jf ehvfm nfotay ghrwlrm wdkaf
yhu rhtltf tdf sthci koth tdf jalmf,
koktklaay crfltkon l spkrla-sdlpfm cut.
L sthp jahci calepfm th tdf hutjhlrm
fom hg tdf lre dkts tdf jhmy hg tdf bkn
wdfo yhu rflcd tdf chrrfct rlmkus, lom
hoay tdfo mhfs tdf
jalmf jfnko th cut
ko l ckrcaf.
Elif tdf trlci
lom sakmkon lre hg
l dlrm lom stljaf
whhm. ]df sakmkon
lre lom trlci lrf
mhvftlkafm sh tdlt
tdf lre mhfs oht tkp
hut hg tdf trlci, lom
tdf jflrkon surglcfs
lrf wlxfm. ]df trlci
chuam jf mhvftlkafm
mkrfctay koth tdf jhmy hg tdf bkn, jut kt ks
flskfr lom wkaa rfelko ehrf lccurltf kg
l strkp hg dlrmwhhm ks mhvftlkafm, tdfo
sft koth l mlmh.
Iffp ko ekom2 ]df jlomslw jalmf
eust jf olrrhw fohund th cut tdf
mfskrfm rlmkus, lom tdf cuttkon fmnf
hg tdf tfftd eust lakno wktd tdf cfotfr-
akof hg tdf pkvht phkot ho tdf sakmkon
lre. Kg tdf pkvht ks ghrwlrm hr jlci hg
tdf tfftd, tdf jalmf wkaa oht cut grffay
lom tdf ckrcaf wkaa oht jf truf.
Lttlcd tdf sthp. Lgtfr eflsur-
kon tdf mkstlocf grhe tdf pkvht
phkot th tdf jalmf (ckrcaf rlmkus),
calep tdf sthp ho tdf uomfrskmf
hg tdf lre lt tdf fom hg tdf
nukmf trlci (ljhvf afgt).
Kotfrcdlonfljaf pkvht
phkots. Pkvhts clo jf ls selaa
ls l sdlrp phkot, hr alrnfr ghr
dflvkfr whripkfcfs.
Elif ckrcafshg laa skzfs
Spkrla koth tdf ckrcaf. ^ktd tdf
slw ruookon, nfotay pusd tdf lre
ghrwlrm wdkaf rhtltkon tdf sthci
koth tdf jalmf (ljhvf rkndt). Hocf
tdf sthp rflcdfs tdf fom hg tdf
nukmf trlci, tdf jalmf stlrts th
cut tdf lctula ckrcaf (rkndt).
Mlmh,
jy < ⁍ =
Calepkon jahci,
<6 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci jy <6 ⁍ 4 ko.
wkmf jy <: ko. ahon
Paywhhm jlsf,3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci jy
<: ko. wkmf
jy :0 ko. ahon
Dlrmwh
lre, < ⁍ =
jy << ⁍ 4 k
:; ko. ah
Dlrmwhhm trlci, 3 ⁍ 4 k
jy <3 ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy ::
naufm th paywhhm jl
Sdlrp
pkvht
phkot
Zljjft, th tljaf fmnf
Sthp jahci wktd
lmdfskvf-jlcifm
slomplpfr ks calepfm
th sakmkon lre.
Cuthut ghr
tljafthp lmbustfr
Lre sakmfs koth
mhvftlkafm trlci.
:CKZCAF-CV]]KON BKN
]df sakmkon pkvht lre ho tdks bkn laahws cuttkon
ckrcafs hg loy mkleftfr yhur sdhp lom yhur
jlci clo dlomaf.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N47 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N47
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]dks skepaf lom slgf bkn laahws tdf
cuttkon hg kmfotkcla wfmnfs. ]df
bkn rkmfs lnlkost tdf gfocf, wdkcd ks
sft sh tdlt tdf jalmf bust ekssfs tdf
bkn. Ohtcdfs tdf skzf lom sdlpf hg tdf
wfmnfs lrf cut ko tdf bkn, lom tdfy dham
tdf sthci ls kt‛s cut. Ls l ofw skzf hg
wfmnf ks offmfm, K lmm l ofw ohtcd th
tdf bkn. Ghr rfpflt prhbfcts, flcd ohtcd
ks aljfafm wktd tdf prhbfct olef lom
tdf mkefoskhos hg tdf wfmnf.
K stlrt wktd l pkfcf hg sthci tdlt‛s
crhsscut th tdf afontd hg tdf wfmnf,
lom gakp tdf jaloi hvfr wktd fvfry
cut. ]df EMG jlsf sfrvfs ls l zfrh-
caflrlocf tdrhlt paltf tdlt sthps tdf
wfmnfs grhe jkomkon ko tdf jlomslw‛s
ehrf hpfo tdrhlt paltf. ^dfo tdf
sthci nfts thh selaa th dlomaf slgfay,
K swktcd th l ofw pkfcf hr usf l
pusd stkci.
Selaa wfmnfs rfqukrf l zfrh-caflrlocf
tdrhlt paltf. Lttlcd l pkfcf hg < ⁍ = -ko. EMG ho
tdf tljaf wktd mhujaf-skmfm tlpf th prfvfot
pkfcfs grhe nfttkon trlppfm ko tdf tdrhlt paltf.
Cut selaawfmnfs slgfay
Cut ohtcdfs ho tdf bkn grffdlom. Mrlw tdf
wfmnf ho tdf bkn, jy trlckon kt hr jy mftfreko-
kon kts lonaf hr kts afontd lom wkmtd. Caflray
elri tdfsf eflsurfefots ho tdf bkn.
]df fmnf-h-eltkc. Pal
tdf ahon-nrlko fom hg tdf
sthci lnlkost tdf ahon f
hg tdf ohtcd. Gakp tdf sth
ghrwlrm wktd flcd plss.
Paywhhm bkn,< ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy
=< ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy
:< ko. ahon
I
j
j
EMG jlsf, < ⁍ =
Lmdfskvf-jlc
tlpf sfcurfs
th tljaf.
Chuotfrsuoi
scrfw
^hhmfo
iohj
3]FOHO ^FMNF BKN
Sakmkon ho lo EMG jlsf lom nukmfm
jy tdf slw‛s gfocf, tdks bkn elifs
qukci whri hg wfmnfs.
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G konfr bkns lrf usfm th nukmf clrf-
guaay elmf plttfros ho tdf jlom-
slw. ]df gkonfr splcfs tdf plttfro bust
sakndtay lwly grhe tdf jlomslw jalmf,
aflvkon l selaa lehuot hg eltfrkla th jf
whrifm jy dlom, hr ls K grfqufotay mh,
sdlpfm jy l rhutfr hutgkttfm wktd l gausd-
trkeekon jkt. ]df plttfro whris wktd
jhtd tdf jlomslw lom tdf rhutfr. ]dks ks
l nrflt tfcdokquf ghr elikon euatkpafs
hg curvfm cdlkr plrts sucd ls rlkas hr
strftcdfrs.
]df jalmf ks phsktkhofm wktdko tdf
ohtcd lt tdf fom hg tdf gkonfr. ]df
mkstlocf tdf gkonfr prhtrumfs plst tdf
jalmf mftfrekofs tdf lehuot hg whhm
hvfrdlonkon tdf fmnf hg tdf plttfro
wdfo tdf cut ks chepaftf. ]df foms
hg tdf gkonfr sdhuam jf curvfm sakndtay
tkndtfr tdlo loy curvf ho tdf plttfro.
Skepaf, sdlaahw curvfs clo jf jlom-
slwo jy calepkon tdf gkonfr bkn mkrfctay
th tdf tljaf, lom lggkxkon tdf sthci
ljhvf tdf plttfro (sff pdhths, jfahw).
Ghr chepafx curvfs, kt ks jfttfr th phsk-
tkho tdf plttfro lom tdf gkonfr bkn ljhvf
tdf sthci sh tdlt tdf chotlct jftwffo
tdf gkonfr lom plttfro ks vkskjaf (sff glc-
kon plnf). Kt‛s l akttaf
trkcikfr th sfcurf tdf
sthci th tdf plttfro
ko tdks clsf. Kg yhu
mho‛t ekom tdf dhafs,
scrfws tdrhund tdf
glcf hg tdf sthci
clo jf usfm. Kg dhafs
lrf l prhjafe, dham
tdf sthci th tdf plt-
tfro wktd wfmnfs hr
mhwfas.
Slgfay rfprhmucfcurvfm sdlpfs
]df ohtcdfm gkonfr bkn
surrhuoms tdf jalmf.
Ghr skepaf curvfs, tdf
gkonfr rfsts ho tdf
tljaf, lom l sdhrt jhat
dhams kt ko tdf mlmh hg
tdf calepkon jahci.
Mlmh, <3 ⁍ = ko.
wkmf jy < ⁍ = ko.
mffp
< ⁍ =-:0 dlonfr
jhat, :<
⁍ : ko. ahon
Saht, < ⁍ = ko. wkmf
jy < ko. ahon
Paywhhm gkonfr, < ⁍ : ko.
tdkci jy <3
⁍ = ko. wkmfjy ;3 ⁍ = ko. ahon
Lmdfskvf-jlcifm
slomplpfr
Dlrmwhhm strkp,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy :< ⁍ = ko.
wkmf jy :3> ⁍ 4 ko. ahonEMG jlsf,3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci
Dlrmwhhm calepkon jahci,
<< ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy << ⁍ : ko. wkmf
jy <3< ⁍ = ko. ahon
Zljjft, th gkt
tljaf fmnf
=BKN GHZ SKEPAF CVZWFS
L ohtcdfm paywhhm gkonfr caleps th tdf tljaf th nukmf l plttfro, wdkcd dls
tdf whripkfcf calepfm hoth kt.
Sthp
44 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O NG K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N44
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\ukciay caflo up tdf jlomslwo fmnfs.
L plttfro-rhutkon jkt rkmfs lahon tdf plttfro
trkeekon tdf whripkfcf th kts gkola sdlpf.
Zlksf tdf gkonfr th cut chepafx curvfs.
Lmmkon l jahci th rlksf tdf gkonfr bkn, lom
palckon tdf plttfro lthp tdf whripkfcf, eli
kt flskfr th iffp tdf plttfro ho trlci.
]hnnaf caleps sfcurf tdf whri. ]df plttfro rkmfs lahon tdf gkon
th nukmf tdf cut. ]df ohtcd ko tdf gkonfr bkn lccheehmltfs tdf jal
prhtfcts tdf plttfro grhe mlelnf. ]df gkoksdfm cut hvfrdlons tdf
(ljhvf). ]df mkstlocf grhe tdf fom hg tdf gkonfr th tdf tfftd mftfre
tdf wkmtd hg tdf hvfrdlon.
Paywhhm gkonfr,< ⁍ : ko. tdkci jy
:< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy
<< ko. ahon
Saht, < ⁍ = ko. wkmf
jy 3 ko. ahon
Dlrmwhhm jahci,
sthci tdkciofss
jy <3
⁍ = ko. wkmfjy 7 ko. ahon
Paywhhm plttfro, < ⁍ : ko. tdkci,
rkmfs lnlkost tdf gkonfr.
^hhmfo
iohj
Mlmh, <3 ⁍ = ko.
wkmf jy< ⁍ = ko. mffp
Zljjft, th gkt tljaf
fmnf
< ⁍ =-:0 dlonfr
jhat, :< ⁍ : ko. ahon
Calepkon jahci,
<< ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy
<< ⁍ : ko. wkmf jy
<3< ⁍ = ko. ahon
<-ko. mhwfa3 ⁍ 4-ko. mhwfa
Jahcis
(hg sthci
tdkciofss) lom
mhwfas dham
whri.
6BKN GHZ CHEPAFT CVZWFS
Zlkskon tdf nukmf gkonfr lom tdf plttfro elifs chepafx
curvfs flskfr th cut.
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Sdhpelmf
hr sthrf-jhundt8
K akif elikon gfltdfrjhlrms jfclusf K
clo mh sh qukciay lom cdflpay lom K clo
tlkahr jhlrms th spfckgkc tlsis.
]dlt slkm, tdf elouglcturfm
gfltdfrjhlrms hggfrfm jy phpu-
alr whhmwhrikon cltlahns hggfr
tdfkr hwo lmvlotlnfs.
Flsf hg lmbustefot lom
sftup lrf tdf jknnfst lssfts. Ehst
ehmfas lrf elmf hg dknd-nrlmf palstkc
lom ahci qukciay, loywdfrf lahon l stlomlrm ektfr saht.
L saht cut koth tdf gfltdfrjhlrm laahws rlpkm
lmbustefot ghr sthci wkmtd lom gkonfr prfssurf. Shef
ehmfas (afgt) lash hggfr lo hptkhola dham-mhwo lttlcd-
efot, l gflturf tdlt vlrkfs ko usfguaofss mfpfomkonho tdf wkmtd lom tdkciofss hg yhur sthci. ]df Jfocd
Mhn Gfltdfr-Ahc (cfotfr) prfsfrvfs kts sfttkon wdfo
rfehvfm grhe tdf ektfr saht.
Elnoftkc gfltdfrjhlrms (rkndt) hggfr tdf lmmfm
lmvlotlnf hg kogkoktfay lmbustljaf sftup wktdhut
tdf offm ghr caleps hr ektfr sahts, latdhund l eftla
surglcf ks ofcfsslry.
Gfltdfrjhlrm]dfsf fxtrl dloms elif cuts slgfr,
caflofr, lom ehrf lccurltf
J [ Z H A L O M B H D O S H O
Iffpkon ey gkonfrs lttlcdfm th ey
dloms lom ko nhhm whrikon hrmfr ks
l dknd prkhrkty ko ey whhm whrikon
sdhp. Gfltdfrjhlrms dfap ef mh kt.
L gfltdfrjhlrm ks skepay l jhlrm wktd
l sfrkfs hg sakts cut koth lo lonafm fom,ghrekon l rhw hg gafxkjaf gkonfrs tdlt ehvf
eucd akif tdf jlrjs hg l gfltdfr. ]df gkonfrs
prhvkmf chostlot prfssurf th dham sthci
gkreay lnlkost tljafthps lom gfocfs, lom
tdf lonaf laahws sthci th plss ko hof mkrfc-
tkho jut rfsksts ehvfefot ko tdf hpphsktf
mkrfctkho. ]dfy mh tdks fspfcklaay w
tdf tljafslw lom rhutfr tljaf.
Jut gfltdfrjhlrms lash kocrflsf tdf
kty hg rhutfr, tljafslw, lom fvfo
cuts. ]dfy elkotlko prfssurf fxlctay
kt ks offmfm th iffp tdf whripkfcf eko lo uowlvfrkon, strlkndt akof. ]d
fspfcklaay dfapgua ghr chotrhaakon tdko
slgfay, l plrtkcualr prhjafe wdfo gf
sthci jy dlom.
]dks nukmf wkaa sdhw yhu dhw th
l gfltdfrjhlrm, lom tdfo hutakof
Sthrf-jhundt ehmfas hggfr flsf hg usf. Shef lttlcd wktd ektfr-saht lmlptfrs
ghr flskay rfpfltljaf sftups. L elnoftkc gfltdfrjhlrm (rkndt) clo jf palcfm loyw
ho l eftla tljafthp.
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N;0 Pdhths2 Stfvf Schtt9 mrlwkon2 Wko
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fssfotkla gfltdfrjhlrm sftups ho tdf el-
cdkofs wdfrf tdfy lrf usfm ehst hgtfo.
Gfltdfrjhlrms lrf flsy th elif]dfrf lrf l dunf vlrkfty hg sthrf-jhundt
gfltdfrjhlrms, jut K akif th elif ey hwo.
Scrlp dlrmwhhm prhvkmfs l rflmy shurcf
hg eltfrkla. Gafxkjaf whhms akif lsd hr
dkcihry elif tdf jfst gfltdfrjhlrms, jut
loy mfgfct-grff dlrmwhhm wkaa whri wfaa.
[hu chuam usf l shgtwhhm akif pkof, jut
yhu‛m wlot th elif tdf gkonfrs sakndtay
tdkcifr. Lvhkm paywhhm hr efmkue-mfoskty
gkjfrjhlrm (EMG)9 tdko gkonfrs hg tdfsf el-
tfrklas jrfli thh flskay.
K elif ehst hg ey gfltdfrjhlrms grhe3 ⁍ =-ko. sthci. ]dks ks tdkci fohund th sup-
phrt ehst whripkfcfs tdlt rfqukrf l gfltdfr-
jhlrm. K sheftkefs usf < ⁍ :-ko. sthci ghr
akndtfr-muty lppakcltkhos. K vlry tdf afontd
lom wkmtd hg tdf jhlrms lcchrmkon th ey
spfckgkc offms, jut K rlrfay offm l jhlrm
wkmfr tdlo 4 ko. Ahonfr jhlrms lrf nh
ehuotkon th l tljaf”yhu‛aa wlot tdf
th rflcd th tdf glr skmf hg tdf tljaf sh
dlvf lccfss wktd l stlomlrm calep. S
jhlrms whri jfttfr ko lppakcltkhos
tdfy‛aa jf calepfm th l gfocf.
]df jlomslw ks kmfla ghr eliko
sthppfm cuts offmfm ghr gfltdfrj
jfclusf yhu clo jlci whri flskay
tdf cut. L tljafslw jalmf crfltfs l
ifrg tdlo K akif jftwffo tdf gfltdf
Stlrt jy elrikon tdf gfocf. Vsf l pfocka akof
th komkcltf tdf grhot fom hg tdf jalmf. Lakno tdf
gfltdfrjhlrm sh tdlt kt mhfso‛t rflcd jfyhom tdks
akof, wdfrf kt chuam pkocd tdf jalmf.
Calep tdf gfltdfrjhlrm ko palcf. Ahwfr tdf
jalmf lom palcf tdf sthci jftwffo tdf gfocf
lom tdf gfltdfrjhlrm. Soun tdf gfltdfrjhlrm
lnlkost tdf sthci ls yhu tkndtfo tdf calep.
L jrlcf iffps tdf gfltdfrjhlrm grhe pkvht-
kon. Pusd tdks jhlrm sounay koth phsktkho lnlkost
tdf gfltdfrjhlrm ls yhu tkndtfo tdf calep.
L skepaf sftup ghr rkppkon olrrhw sthci
Phsktkho tdf
gfltdfrjhlrm sakndtay
ldflm hg tdf jalmf, lom
tkndtay fohund lnlkost
tdf sthci tdlt tdf
gkonfrs gafx ls tdf
sthci plssfs.
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chursf, yhu clo cut gfltdfrjhlrms jy dlom2
Bust ehuot tdf jhlrm ko l vksf lom usf l
jlcislw th cut l sfrkfs hg plrlaafa ifrgs.
]h elif l gfltdfrjhlrm, stlrt jy crhss-
cuttkon tdf juskofss fom hg tdf jhlrm lt
lo lonaf. K gkom tdlt lo lonaf hg ljhut 30°
hggfrs tdf jfst chejkoltkho hg chotkouhusskmf prfssurf lom ikcijlci rfskstlocf.
Cuttkon tdf gfltdfrs koth tdf jhlrm‛s fom
nrlko nkvfs tdfe ahon-nrlko strfontd
lom gafxkjkakty sh tdlt tdfy mho‛t solp
uomfr prfssurf. Elif tdf gfltdfrs oh
ahonfr tdlo 3 ko.
Iffp tdf gfltdfrs tdko lom tdf splcfs
jftwffo tdfe olrrhw. Fxpfrkefot wktd
wdlt whris jfst ghr yhu9 K gkom tdlt tdf
tdkcifst prlctkcla gfltdfr ks ljhut < ⁍ 4 ko.
Kg tdf gfltdfrs lrf elmf loy tdkcifr, tdf
jfomkon lctkho jfchefs thh stkgg, lom kt
ks mkggkcuat th gffm tdf sthci plst tdfe. Ltdkoofr gfltdfr mhfso‛t nkvf yhu ls eucd
prfssurf, jut ho ehst cuttkon hpfrltkhos
tdf prfssurf mhfso‛t offm th jf nrflt. Kt
bust offms th jf choskstfot.
Prhpfr sftup ykfams sehhtd, slgf cutsHo loy elcdkof, stlrt jy palckon tdf
sthci lnlkost tdf gfocf hr ho tdf tljafthp.
Phsktkho tdf gfltdfrjhlrm gkreay lnlkost tdf
sthci, wktd tdf lonafm fom phkotkon ko tdf
gffm mkrfctkho. Sfcurf kt th tdf gfocf hr
tljafthp wktd caleps hr l ektfr-saht dham-
mhwo. ]df gfltdfrjhlrm sdhuam jf palcfm
gkreay fohund th iffp tdf sthci lnlkost
tdf gfocf hr tkndt th tdf tljafthp, jut ohtsh gkreay tdlt kt elifs kt mkggkcuat th gffm
tdf sthci koth tdf cuttfr hr jalmf. Nkvf tdf
sthci l tfst pusd th jf surf.
Phsktkho gfltdfrjhlrms ls cahsf th tdf
cuttfr ls phsskjaf wktdhut puttkon prfssurf
ho tdf cuttfr ktsfag. Ko ehst clsfs, palckon l
gfltdfrjhlrm mkrfctay hpphsktf tdf jalmf hr
cuttfr clo clusf tdf pkfcf th ble mlonfr-
husay hr fvfo ikci jlci, hr tdf cuttfr th
tlif thh mffp l cut.
Dfrf lrf shef fssfotkla gfltdfrjhlrm
sftups.
]df tljafslw”Gfltdfrjhlrms laahwstrlkndtfr, slgfr cuts wdfo rkppkon ahon,
olrrhw sthci, wdfo cuttkon rljjfts hr
pahwkon mlmhfs ko olrrhw sthci, hr wdfo
cuttkon tlaa sthci akif mhhr plofas tdlt
ekndt rhci lnlkost tdf thp hg tdf gfocf.
Ghr rkppkon, K lppay skmf prfssurf wktd l
ahon gfltdfrjhlrm tdlt K calep th tdf tljaf-
thp. Mhwowlrm prfssurf chefs grhe l
pusd stkci. Lppay skmf prfssurf hoay
kogffm skmf9 prfssurf ho tdf hutgff
wkaa clusf tdf sthci th pkocd tdf ja
^dfo cut tkon rljjfts, K cale
gfltdfrjhlrms hoth lo luxkaklry gf
lppay mhwowlrm prfssurf lt tdf mlm
tfr (jrflikon tdf mkrfct-prfssurf ruaho tdf hutgffm skmf hg kt. Kg yhur slw
Jkfsfefyfr-styaf gfocf, jf surf th
mhwo kts jlci fom, jfclusf tdf gfocf
mfocy th akgt sakndtay wkaa rfakfvf pr
ho tdf gfltdfrjhlrms lom chuam rfsu
cut hg uofvfo mfptd. Ghr mlmhfs (
tdf nrlko) hr nrhhvfs (wktd tdf nrl
olrrhw sthci, K usf l skonaf gfocf-eh
gfltdfrjhlrm th lppay mhwowlrm pr
ho tdf kogffm skmf hg tdf cuttfr. K la
l tljaf-ehuotfm gfltdfrjhlrm th if
sthci tkndt lnlkost tdf gfocf.
Sthci tdlt ks tlaafr tdlo tdf gfocfskmf prfssurf jhtd jfghrf lom lgt
cut th prfvfot kt grhe pkvhtkon lwl
tdf jalmf. Jut lppaykon tdlt prfssur
tljafthp gfltdfrjhlrms clo clusf tdf
th tkp lwly grhe tdf thp hg tdf gfoc
shautkho ks th akgt tdf gfltdfrjhlrms l
hg kocdfs ljhvf tdf tljaf wktd l cal
jahci (sff pdhth, ljhvf).
Dhamkon sthcilnlkost l gfocf
Skepaf skmf prfssurf dfaps iffp tdf whripkfcf sfcurf lnlkost tdf
gfocf ho tdf rhutfr tljaf (jfahw) hr tdf tljafslw. ]h rlksf gfltdfr-
jhlrms hgg tdf tljaf ghr plofas hr htdfr tlaa sthci (rkndt), sfcurf tdfe
wktd whhm scrfws th l ahon calepkon jahci. Elif surf tdf jhlrms skt
oh dkndfr tdlo tdf thp hg tdf luxkaklry gfocf.
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N;:
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]df rhutfr tljaf”Kg tdf sthci ks thh olr-
rhw, wkmf, hr sdhrt th whri cheghrtljay”ko
sdhrt, kg chotrhaakon tdf sthci wkaa put gkonfrs
cahsf th tdf cuttfr”gfltdfrjhlrms clo elif
tdf sftup slgfr. Hg chursf, kt‛s jfst th elif
rhutfr cuts ho wkmf jhlrms, lom tdfo rkp hgg
tdf pkfcfs yhu offm. Jut sheftkefs olrrhwhr tdko sthci ks uolvhkmljaf.
Lttlcd tdf gfltdfrjhlrms th tdf tljafthp
lom gfocf th lppay mhwowlrm prfssurf
lom skmf prfssurf ho tdf kogffm skmf hg
tdf cuttfr. Lppay fktdfr mhwowlrm hr skmf
prfssurf lgtfr tdf cuttfr, mfpfomkon ho
dhw wfaa tdf tljaf hr gfocf supphrts tdf
sthci. Iffp tdf kogffm gfltdfrjhlrms ls
cahsf th tdf cuttfr ls phsskjaf. ]df hutgffm
prfssurf clo jf afss tdlo ho tdf kogffm
skmf9 bust iffp tdf sthci grhe vkjrltkon hr
‑gauttfrkon― lgtfr tdf cuttfrdflm. Kg l sfchom
plss ks offmfm ho l rhutfr tljaf th cut l
ehamkon prhgkaf, sucd ls l rlksfm plofa,
mho‛t lppay mhwowlrm prfssurf oflr tdf
cuttfr ho tdf sfchom plss, hr yhu‛aa tkp tdf
whri koth tdf cut. ▬
Zhalom Bhdosho ks l whhmwhrifr lom thha
fotdusklst ko Slui Zlpkms, Ekoo., lom l
chotrkjutkon fmkthr th Gkof ^hhmwhrikon .
Dhamkon sthcilnlkost l tljaf
Selaa sthcioffms jhtd
typfs hg supphrt
Gfocf-ehuotfm gfltdfrjhlrms lppay prfssurf
grhe tdf thp mhwo. ]dks iffps sthci gkreay lnlkost
tdf tljaf ghr tlsis akif rljjftkon lo fmnf ho tdf
tljafslw (rkndt) hr cuttkon l ehamkon prhgkaf hr
fmnf trfltefot ho tdf rhutfr tljaf (ljhvf).
]hp lom skmf gfltdfrjhlrms kocrflsf
slgfty lom lccurlcy wdfo whrikon wktd
selaa, olrrhw sthci. ]df sftup fosurfs l
strlkndt, galt-jhtthefm mlmh ho tdf tljaf-
slw (rkndt) lom l cafloay cut ehamkon hr
fmnf mftlka ho tdf rhutfr tljaf (jfahw).
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]DF SAFM SVPPHZ]S ^LZPFM JHLZMS
L bhkotfr ks tdf prhpfr thha ghr galttfokon l skonaf glcf hgl jhlrm. Jut eloy whhmwhrifrs alci l bhkotfr tdlt clo
dlomaf wkmf jhlrms. ]dks safm supphrts l cuppfm hr jhwfm
jhlrm sh tdf palofr clo lct akif l bhkotfr, prhmuckon l galt
lom strlkndt surglcf. ]df jhlrm tdfo clo jf gakppfm hvfr
lom palofm chovfotkholaay th ekaa kt th gkola tdkciofss.
Pdhths2 Elri Scdhgkfam9 Mrlwkons2 Bhdo
^ hrikon wktd wkmf auej
bhy2 ]df gknurf lom cha
sfleafss, bust ls kt clef
ahn. Jut eloy whhmwhrifrs glcf l
afe wdfo kt chefs th galttfokon ho
hg l wkmf jhlrm. f clo rkp tdf jhl
olrrhwfr pkfcfs, usf l 7-ko. hr 4-ko.
lom tdfo rfbhko tdf plrts, jut l p
eltcd ks oht lawlys phsskjaf. ]df l
tkvf ks th dlompalof hof skmf galt.
Ohw, K akif dlompalokon ls eucd ofxt nuy, jut K prfgfr th slvf ey f
lom aft elcdkofs elif auejfr galt, st
lom squlrf. Sh K mfsknofm lo lmbu
safm tdlt laahws ef th glcf-bhkot a
wktd l tdkciofss palofr. ]df safm ks r
lom qukci th sft up lom lmbust w
uskon loy thhas. ]h elif kt, yhu gkrs
th mftfrekof tdf elxkeue wkmtd td
Nft l galt glcf ho wkmf auejfr
J [ I F K ] D Z V S ]
Jhwfm hr
cuppfm jhlrm
Lmbustljaf
supphrt jahci
Safm ]uros Palofr
koth l Bhkotfr
JF]]FZ ]FCDOK\VFS U
;= G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N
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hg yhur palofr wkaa lccfpt lom dhw ahon l
safm yhu wlot. Ey <:< ⁍ :-ko. phrtljaf palofr
chuam dlomaf l safm hg tdf slef wkmtd, jut
th lvhkm dlvkon thh tkndt l gkt, K hptfm ghrl <:-ko.-wkmf safm.
]df safm‛s jhmy eust jf galt lom rknkmK dlm l sdfft hg 6-gt.-sq., < ⁍ :-ko.-tdkci Jlatkc-jkrcd paywhhm, sh K rkppfm twh <:-ko.-
wkmf pkfcfs tdf guaa afontd th crfltf tdf
uppfr lom ahwfr jfm sfctkhos. Kg yhu
whri lahof, rfskst tdf tfeptltkho th elif
tdf safm thh ahon lom uowkfamy. Jukam kt
ho l galt surglcf, sucd ls l whrijfocd hr
hutgffm tljaf, th fosurf kt wkaa jf galt.
]df grlef pkfcfs,3
⁍ = ko. tdkci jy < ko. wkmf, wfrf cut grhe l chupaf hg mry :x=
stums. K rfcfssfm tdf pkfcfs < ⁍ : ko. ho tdf
skmfs lom 3 ko. ho flcd fom sh K chuam
nrkp tdf safm flskay. ]df grlef pkfcfs
lrf naufm lom scrfwfm th tdf uppfr lom
ahwfr jfm sfctkhos.
]df thp hg tdf safm dls l sfrkfs hg supphrtselmf hg dlrmwhhm ekaafm th < ko. sq. ]h
BHKO]FZ SAFM GHZ ]DF PALOFZ
]df jhmy hg tdf safm eust jf
rknkm, mflm galt, lom oht thh
dflvy, wdkcd elifs l thrskho-
jhx mfskno tdf jfst cdhkcf.
]df rhund jhlrm tdlt offms
galttfokon rfsts ho l sfrkfs hg
supphrts tdlt lrf lmbustfm th gkt
tdf jhlrm uskon sakmkon wfmnfs. ^FMNF MF]LKA
Cut su
wfmnfs
skepaf
wktd l o
ko kt laa
Zust th
slw eu
<6° wf
ELIKON ]DF ^FMNFSLOM SVPPHZ] JAHCIS
Cut lonafm sahts ko tdf supphrt j
Vsf l safm lonafm lt <6° th cut l sa
tdf uomfrskmf hg tdf supphrt jahci.
Supphrt jahcis,
< ko. sq.
Latfroltf-glckon
dhhis nukmf tdf
juonff chrm.
Stlkr-trflm eltfrkla
lppakfm th thp hg supphrt
jahcis lom jhtthe hgwfmnfs
Mhwfa sfcurfs
flcd fom hg tdf
juonff chrm.
< ⁍ :-ko.-tdkci
paywhhm
Vomfrskmf ks
surglcfm wktd
palstkc alekoltf.
<6°
<6° lonafm
saht
3< ⁍ = ko.
> ⁍ 4 ko.
3 ⁍ = ko.
^fmnfs
]kndtfo scrfw th
sfcurf wfmnfs.
Grlef pkfcfs, 3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy < ko.
wkmf, lrf naufm lom scrfwfm th
jhtd pkfcfs hg paywhhm.
< ⁍ :-ko. rfcfss
ghr dlomakon
3-ko.
ghr d
Juonff chrm
dfaps th sfcurf
supphrt jahcis.
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mftfrekof tdfkr afontd, eflsurf yhur palo-
fr‛s koskmf caflrlocf, iffpkon ko ekom tdlt
tdf supphrts wkaa dlvf ljhut < ⁍ : ko. hg l
mrywlaa scrfw stkcikon hut flcd fom. Ey
palofr laahwfm ghr <<< ⁍ :-ko.-ahon supphrts wktd oh mlonfr hg l scrfw dflm thucdkon
loytdkon ho tdf wly tdrhund.
Ko usf, tdf supphrts lrf rlksfm hr ahwfrfm
uskon <6° wfmnfs elmf grhe < ⁍ =-ko.-tdkci
efmkue-mfoskty gkjfrjhlrm (EMG). ]h iffp
tdf supphrts plrlaafa th tdf safm‛s surglcf
ls tdf wfmnfs lrf kosfrtfm, cut l saht 3 ⁍ = ko.
grhe flcd fom hg tdf supphrt jahcis, lash
wktd l <6° sahpf. ]dks ks mhof ho tdf tljaf-
slw wktd l mlmh sft, uskon l safm tdlt clr-
rkfs tdf supphrt jahci lt l <6° lonaf. dkaf
tdf mlmh sft ks ho tdf slw, cut l squlrf
mlmh ko tdf thp hg flcd supphrt ghr l juo-nff chrm. ]df chrm sfcurfs tdf supphrts
wdfo tdf safm ks ko usf lom wdfo kt ks
sthrfm vfrtkclaay. K strftcd tdf chrm lcrhss
tdf thp hg tdf safm, sfcurkon kt lt flcd fom
wktd l mhwfa (sff mrlwkon, p. ;6).
]h dham tdf wfmnfs ko palcf, mrkaa l dhaf
ko flcd fom hg tdf supphrt jahcis ghr l
<< ⁍ =-ko. mrywlaa scrfw. Bust tkndtfokon tdf
scrfws jy dlom iffps tdf wfmnfs grhe
ehvkon hocf tdfy lrf ko phsktkho.
^dfo K gkrst jukat tdf safm, K dlm prhj-
afes wktd tdf palofr puaakon jhlrms hut
hg phsktkho ls tdf safm wfot tdrhund. ]hshavf tdlt, K put sfag-stkci palstkc stlkr-trflm
eltfrkla ho thp hg tdf supphrts. K lvhkmfm
slomplpfr jfclusf hg tdf akifakdhhm hg nrkt
jrflikon hgg lom nfttkon ko tdf palofr. K
lash put l chlrsfr stlkr-trflm eltfrkla ho
tdf jhtthes hg tdf wfmnfs th iffp tdfe
grhe sakppkon. Alst, K put palstkc alekoltf
ho tdf jhtthe hg tdf safm th rfmucf mrln
tdrhund tdf palofr.
Sfttkon up tdf safm ghr usfAhhsfo tdf supphrt scrfws jy dlom lom
sakmf tdf wfmnfs jlci sh tdlt tdf sup-phrts laa rfst ho tdf safm. Hrkfotltkho hg tdf
jhlrm ks kephrtlot2 Kg tdf jhlrm ks cuppfm,
palcf tdf choclvf skmf mhwo sh tdlt tdf
fmnfs rfst ho tdf supphrts. Mh tdks fvfo
tdhund yhu ely ohw dlvf l jhlrm tdlt
jhws up lt flcd fom. Splcf tdf supphrts
th dlvf hof lt flcd fom lom twh hr tdrff
lahon tdf rfst hg tdf jhlrm.
Gkom tdf dknd chrofrs hg tdf jhl
puttkon prfssurf ho hpphsktf chrof
rhcikon kt. Vsf tdf wfmnfs th rlksf td
phrts tdlt offm kt, trykon th rlksf flc
lo fqula lehuot, lom tkndtfo tdf scrfdlom. Kt tlifs hoay l akttaf prfssurf g
gkof phkot hg tdf mrywlaa scrfw th jk
tdf EMG lom sfcurf tdf wfmnf. ]fst
kg tdf rhcikon ks nhof. Ohw nh mhw
afontd hg tdf jhlrm lom gkom ahhsf sup
Vsf tdf wfmnfs th rlksf tdf hofs tdl
lmbustkon, jut mho‛t chef up thh dkn
kon sh clo clusf htdfr nlps th lppf
Zhaafr stloms lt flcd fom hg tdf
lom l rfehvljaf supphrt lre lttlc
tdf jhx ey palofr skts ho dfap su
tdf safm. ]df lre dls l thp hg dflv
tkc tdlt rfmucfs tdf grkctkho hg sakmksafm lcrhss grhe tdf hutgffm th tdf
skmf. Sfvfrla prhmucts lrf lvlkaljaf
hhmcrlgt lom htdfr rftlkafrs, koc
uatrldknd-ehafcualr-wfkndt palstkc.
Vskon tdf palofr ls l bhkotfr Hocf tdf jhlrm ks stljaf, rlksf tdf
dflm dknd fohund th lccfpt tdf
Palcf tdf jhlrm ho tdf
Kg kt ks cuppfm, rfst kt wktd
choclvf skmf glckon mhwo
tdf jhlrm th ahcltf dknd s
Lmbust tdf supphrt jahc
Sakmf tdf wfmnf uotka tdf
bust thucdfs tdf jhlrm. ]d
tkndtfo tdf mrywlaa scrfw
dlom th ahci tdf wfmnf ko
SAFM SF]VP
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N;7
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plcilnf lom, wktdhut turokon ho tdf phwfr,
sakmf fvfrytdkon koth tdf palofr th gkom tdf
dkndfst phkot. Puaa kt jlci hut, crloi mhwo
l jkt, lom yhu‛rf rflmy th bhkot tdf jhlrm.
]dks ks hof hg tdhsf clsfs wdfrf mfscrkj-kon tdf prhcfss tlifs glr ehrf tkef tdlo
mhkon kt. Kt‛s flsy th put l jhlrm ho tdf
safm, lmbust tdf supphrts, lom jf palokon
ko 30 th =6 sfchoms. Kt dfaps th iohw tdf
chejkofm tdkciofss hg tdf safm lom sup-
phrts sh tdlt yhu clo dlvf tdf palofr hpfo-
kon sft th tdf lpprhxkeltf tdkciofss.
Lgtfr tdf gkrst plss, cdfci th sff kg loy-
tdkon dls sdkgtfm lom lmbust tdf wfmnfs
ls ofcfsslry. Sfom tdf safm hvfr tdf gkxfm
lre lom jlci th tdf koput rhaafr, ahwfr
tdf dflm, lom elif lohtdfr cut.
K rfcfotay jukat l cdfst hg mrlwfrs wktdjfot-alekoltfm mrlwfr grhots lom dlm oh
trhujaf uskon tdks safm th galttfo <<-ko.-wkmf
dlrm elpaf th elif mrlwfr-grhot pakfs.
]dks ks l bkn tdlt dls prhvfo th jf whrtd
glr ehrf tdlo tdf hrknkola tkef kovfstfm
ko mfsknokon lom jukamkon kt. ▬
Ifktd Zust ks l whhmwhrifr ko Lrakontho, ]fxls.
VSKON ]DF SA
^ktd tdf palofr turofm hgg
sakmf tdf safm tdrhund th c
ghr hjstructkhos lom th mf
ekof tdf dkndfst phkot hojhlrm (ljhvf). Lgtfr tdf gkr
plss, cdfci lom lmbust td
wfmnfs (afgt), kg ofcfsslry
Hocf yhu dlvf galttfofm h
surglcf hg tdf jhlrm (jfah
yhu clo mkspfosf wktd tdf
lom ruo tdf htdfr skmf hg t
jhlrm tdrhund tdf palofr t
tdkciofss kt.
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sdhps, wf iffp fxtrl pusd stkcis dlomy, lom tdfrf ks lawl
hof skttkon ho thp hg l elcdkof tljaf hr duon ho l dhhi ojy. f fochurlnf stumfots th nft ko tdf dljkt hg ahhikon g
pusd stkci jfghrf tdfy turo ho tdf elcdkof.
]dfrf lrf eloy wfaa-mfsknofm pusd stkcis ghr slaf, jut sd
elmf stkcis lrf flsy lom kofxpfoskvf th elif grhe scrlp. wfaa-elmf pusd stkci wkaa dham tdf whri sfcurfay wktd l o
caflt, hr ohosakp surglcf. Kt wkaa gffa rkndt ko tdf dlom”lo l
wlrm dlomaf clo jf uoslgf kg kt ghrcfs yhu th sdkgt yhur dll jfttfr nrkp. Lom kt wkaa jf flsy th elif, jfclusf sdhpel
stkcis lrf eflot th chotlct tdf jalmf lt tkefs lom fvfotula
jf rfpalcfm. Dfrf‛s l ahhi lt l vlrkfty hg sdhpelmf pusd ko usf wdfrf tdfy‛rf offmfm ehst.
L skepaf paywhhm cuthut ghr slgf rkppkon Eloy prhbfcts rfqukrf rkppkon sthci th wkmtd, l tlsi mhof
qukciay lom cafloay ho tdf tljafslw. Jut rkppkon sthci ho
tljafslw lash clo jf mlonfrhus.
L whripkfcf tdlt‛s oht prhpfray nukmfm tdrhund tdf cut vffr koth tdf jlci skmf hg tdf jalmf lom jf ikcifm jlci l
hpfrlthr. ]dks ks fspfcklaay truf kg tdf spakttfr ks oht ko palc
^dfo rkppkon olrrhw sthci, tdf gkonfrs clo chef thh cahstdf jalmf, aflmkon th trlnfmy ko lo kostlot. Ghr tdfsf rflsh
wf tflcd stumfots th usf l pusd stkci wdfo rkppkon th l w
L
t tdf Cfotfr ghr Gurokturf Crlgtselosdkp, wdfrf K
tflcd lom lash elolnf tdf whhmsdhps, sdhwkon
stumfots dhw th slgfay hpfrltf phwfr fqukpefot
ks hof hg hur gkrst tlsis. ]df afssho lawlys kocaumfs
pusd stkcis.
L pusd stkci ks l sdlpfm afontd hg whhm hr htdfreltfrkla tdlt dfaps chotrha tdf ehvfefot hg l whripkfcf. Kt ks
ehst offmfm lt tdf tljafslw, bhkotfr, rhutfr tljaf, lom jlomslw.
Vskon l pusd stkci iffps dloms lwly grhe jalmfs lom cuttfrs.Kt lash dfaps elkotlko lo fvfo prfssurf lom gffm rltf, rfmuc-
kon tdf rksi hg ikcijlci lom prhmuckon l sehhtdfr cut. Ko hur
]L JA F S L^2 S DH F - S ] [ A F
P V S D S ] K C I
]dks stkci ks elmf grhe < ⁍ :-ko.
paywhhm, lom tdf sdlpf ks cut
ho tdf jlomslw. Fmnfs lrf
rhuomfm hvfr
wktd l rlsp hr
rhutfr.
Lawlys iffp l pusd stkci dlomy.
Sthrf kt wktdko flsy rflcd (ljhvf).
Pusd jftwffo tdf jalmf lom tdf
gfocf (rkndt) lom elif surf tdlt tdf
whripkfcf caflrs tdf jalmf wdfo tdf
cut ks gkoksdfm.
Mho‛t splrf tdf stkci. Kg td
whhmfo pusd stkci who‛t gkt
jftwffo tdf jalmf lom gfoc
slgf th mrkvf kt tdrhund tdf
(hjsfrvf prfclutkhos ho jal
dfkndt) lom chepaftf tdf cu
Vskon pusd stkcisSDHPELMF DFAPFZS LZF
L CDFLP ^L[ ]H S]L[ SLGF
J [ P F ] F S C D A F J F C I F Z
<< ko.
6< ⁍ : ko.
<3 ⁍ = ko.< ⁍ : ko.
;4 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N Pdhths2 Stfvf Schtt9 mrlwkons2 Ifaay B
bkns & gkxturfs
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hg 7 ko. hr afss. ^ktd tdf stkci ko yhur rkndt dlom, palcf tdf
ohtcdfm fom lt tdf rflr hg tdf whripkfcf jftwffo tdf gfocf
lom tdf jalmf. Vsf tdf stkci th gffm tdf pkfcf laa tdf wly plsttdf jlci hg tdf jalmf.
Kg yhu offm th mrkvf tdf pusd stkci koth tdf jalmf, jf surf th
iffp tdf pusd stkci plrlaafa th tdf gfocf, lom jf prfplrfm ghr
kocrflsfm rfskstlocf ls tdf jalmf cuts tdrhund tdf jhtthe hg tdfstkci. ]h ekokekzf tdks rfskstlocf, lom ghr slgfty rflshos, sft tdf
jalmf dfkndt sh tdlt kt mhfso‛t cut vfry mffpay (< ⁍ = ko. hr sh) koth
tdf stkci. Hocf yhu‛vf cut tdrhund yhur pusd stkci ko tdks wly lgfw tkefs, kt‛s l nhhm kmfl th trke jlci tdf grlyfm surglcf wktd
l jlomslw hr mksclrm tdf stkci lom elif l ofw hof.
]h rkp ahonfr pkfcfs tdlt fxtfom plst tdf aflmkon fmnf hg tdftljaf, aflvf tdf pusd stkci wktdko rflcd ho thp hg tdf rkp gfocf.
Stlrt tdf cut jy pusdkon tdf rflr hg tdf pkfcf jy dlom uotka kt
rflcdfs tdf fmnf hg tdf tljaf. Kg yhu usf tdf stkci jfghrf tdksphkot, yhu ely palcf mhwowlrm prfssurf ho tdf jlci fom hg
tdf jhlrm, akgtkon tdf grhot fom lwly grhe tdf jalmf.
^dfo galttfokon jhlrms, usf l jrhlm, galt pusd jahciVskon l bhkotfr th galttfo l jhlrm‛s glcf hr th strlkndtfo lo fmnf
ho olrrhw sthci clo jrkon tdf hpfrlthr‛s dloms mlonfrhusay
cahsf th tdf elcdkof‛s dhrkzhotla cuttfrdflm.Nukmkon tdf whri wktd pusd stkcis dfaps iffp yhur dloms hut
hg mlonfr. Kt lash dfaps lcdkfvf l caflo cut jy fosurkon tdlt tdf
whri mhfso‛t jhuocf hr ‑cdlttfr― ls kt crhssfs tdf cuttfrdflm.Ghr glcf bhkotkon, l galt styaf hg pusd stkci iohwo ls l pusd
jahci whris jfst9 wf lsi tdlt stumfots usf tdfe oh elttfr
B H K O ] F Z 2 P VS D J A H C I S
]df cafltfm mfskno ks usfm ko tdf rkndt dlom, lt tdf jhlrm‛s
trlkakon fmnf, th gffm tdf whri koth tdf cut. ]df cafltfm jahci‛s
dlomaf clo jf vfry skepaf, jut tdf sahpkon sdlpf pkcturfm dfrf
sdhws wdkcd fom dls tdf caflt ho kt.
]df plmmfm jahci ks usfm ko tdf afgt dlom, th iffp tdf
jhlrm grhe jhuockon ls kt crhssfs tdf cuttfrdflm. Ghr tdf
rujjfr-nrkp surglcf, Scdafjfcifr usfm sprly chotlct lmdfskvf
(3E Supfr >>) th lttlcd l pkfcf hg lo kofxpfoskvf yhnl elt.
Jlomslw tdf dlomaf grhe l scrlp hg shakm whhm.
Vsf l plkr hg pusd jahcis ghr glcf-bhkotkon. Kt‛s jfst th dlvf l
sikm jahci lt tdf jhlrm‛s aflmkon fmnf lom l cafltfm jahci lt tdf
]df sdhf-st stkci ks fxc
ghr fmnf-bhk
Kt whris fsp
wfaa wktd ol
sthci tdlt ks
fohund th ca
tdf jalmf nu
jut thh sdhr
caflr tdf gfo
Flsy th lssfejaf. L cafltfm pusd jahci clo jf
ko afss tdlo <6 ekoutfs. Jfclusf tdf nauf bhkot k
nrlko th ahon nrlko, scrfws lrf oht offmfm.
Caflt
Jahci
Dlomaf,
<< ⁍ = ko. tdkci
7 ko. 3< ⁍ : ko.
6 ⁍ 4 ko.
:< ⁍ : ko.Jahci
<: ko.
> ⁍ 4 ko.
= ko.
:3 ⁍ = ko.
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ZH V] F Z ] L JA F 2 P VSD S] KCI
]dks stkci ks elmf grhe < ⁍ :-ko. paywhhm, lom
tdf sdlpf ks cut ho tdf jlomslw. Fmnfs
lrf rhuomfm hvfr wktd l rlsp hr rhutfr.
tdf pusd stkci flsy th nrlj. Ghr tdf dlomafs, K usf scrlps
hur whhm-turokon stumkh, jut l alrnf mhwfa hr rhuomfm s
sthci wkaa mh gkof.
L ahon rflcd iffps gkonfrs slgf wdfo rfslwkonZfslwkon”hr sakckon sthci lahon kts glcf th elif tdkoofr
jhlrms”ks l nrflt rflsho th dlvf l jlomslw. Jut tdfhpfrltkho rfqukrfs clrf, fspfcklaay wdfo tdf gfocf ks cahsf
th tdf jalmf. ]df trkci ks th pusd tdf sthci grhe tdf rflr l
lo fvfo rltf laa tdf wly tdrhund tdf cut, lom iffp yhurgkonfrs hut hg tdf wly ls tdf jalmf fefrnfs grhe tdf tlka f
hg tdf whripkfcf.
Laehst loy afontd hg scrlp wkaa whri ls l pusd stkci ghrtlsi, jut kt‛s okcf th dlvf hof wktd l cheghrtljaf nrkp ofl
]df mfmkcltfm stkci wf usf ko hur sdhp ks flsy th elif”
bust lohtdfr sdlpf cut hut ho tdf jlomslw. Elif surf tdf
ks ahon fohund sh tdlt tdf grhot fom rflcdfs bust plst tdf wdkaf tdf rflr ks stkaa l chupaf hg kocdfs jfdkom tdf gfocf.
]dks wly, tdf gfocf who‛t kotfrgfrf wktd yhur nrkp ls yhu
gkoksd tdf cut.
dhw alrnf hr selaa tdf
whripkfcf. L pusd jahci ks l galt jhlrm wktd
l thp-ehuotfm dlomaf tdlt laahws tdf usfr th
elkotlko mhwowlrm prfssurf. ]dfrf lrf twh jlskc mf-sknos, flcd wktd l mkstkoct guoctkho. Hof usfs l caflt ho tdf
jlci th nrkp tdf trlkakon fom hg tdf sthci. ]df htdfr, usfm lt tdf
aflmkon fom hg tdf whripkfcf, dls oh caflt jut nrkps tdf sthci wktd l ohosakp rujjfr plm.
]h usf tdfe, tlif tdf cafltfm stkci ko yhur rkndt dlom lom tdf
rujjfr-shafm jahci ko yhur afgt th elkotlko mhwowlrm prfssurf
lt tdf aflmkon fom hg tdf whripkfcf.
L ohtcdfm jhlrm wktd dlomafsdfaps nukmf sthci ho tdf rhutfr tljaf]df slgfst wly th nft l rhutfm prhgkaf ho l olrrhw whripkfcf
ks th cut tdf prhgkaf ho tdf rhutfr tljaf gkrst, jfghrf rkppkon
tdf sthci th gkola wkmtd. ^hrikon wktd wkmfr sthci laahws yhuth gffm tdf whri plst tdf jkt wktdhut puttkon yhur gkonfrs ko
dlre‛s wly.
Hcclskholaay, tdhund, yhu ekndt offm th rhut l sdlpf hoth lpkfcf tdlt‛s larflmy quktf olrrhw. Gfltdfrjhlrms wkaa dfap dham
tdf pkfcf gkreay th tdf tljaf surglcf, jut yhu‛aa offm l pusd
stkci th nukmf tdf whri sounay lnlkost tdf gfocf.
Lo fggfctkvf pusd stkci ks l skepaf pkfcf hg paywhhm wktdl ohtcd cut koth hof fom. ]df strkp akfs galt ho tdf rhutfr
tljaf, wktd tdf ohtcd lt tdf trlkakon fom. ]wh vfrtkcla dlomafs,
ehuotfm wktd chuotfrsuoi mrywlaa scrfws lom nauf, elif
Zhut olrrhw sthci wktdhut gflr. ]dks ohtcdfm stkci iffps dlom
lwly grhe tdf cuttfr. Gfltdfrjhlrms lppay mhwowlrm prfssurf.
Vsf l ahon pusd stkci lt tdf jlomslw. ]d
laahws tdf usfr th pusd tdf whripkfcf grhe
tdf gfocf wktdhut rksi hg ruookon tduej hr g
koth tdf jalmf.
Dlomafs,
<< ⁍ : ko. mkl.
jy :3 ⁍ = ko. tlaa
Jahci,< ⁍ : ko. tdkci jy
=< ⁍ = ko. wkmf jy
::3 ⁍ 4 ko. ahon
Ohtcd, 3 ⁍ 4 ko. mffp
jy 3 ko. ahon
J L O M S L ^2 P V S D S ] K C I
]dks stkci ks elmf grhe < ⁍ :-ko. paywhhm, lom tdf sdlpf ks cut
ho tdf jlomslw. Fmnfs lrf rhuomfm hvfr wktd l rlsp hr
rhutfr.
Paywhhm, < ⁍ : ko.
tdkci jy :<6 ⁍ 4 ko.ahon jy 3< ⁍ : ko. tlaa
<00 G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N
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© :00> ]df ]luo
Nft kostlot lccfss th tdf ehst myolekc whhmwhrikon
sktf hoakof. Hur lwlrm-wkookon sktf ks tdf pfrgfct
chepafefot th Gkof ^hhmwhrikon elnlzkof.
Kt‛s lawlys whrtd fxpahrkon Gkof^hhmwhrikon.che,
jfclusf wf lmm ofw chotfot fvfry wffimly. Dfrfyhu‛aa mkschvfr grfsd, ofw kmfls lom iohw-dhw th kospkrf,
kostruct, lom loswfr yhur qufstkhos.
Lom laa hg kt ks bust l cakci lwly!
KOS]LO] LOS^FZS
L CAKCI L L[ Hvfr <,300 lrtkcafs
:60+ sikaa-jukamkon vkmfhs
Hvfr :00 gurokturf prhbfcts
Hvfr 600 skmf-jy-skmf
thha cheplrkshosGuaay komfxfm,
sflrcdljaf lrcdkvf
Fxpfrt dfap ghr fvfry sikaa afvfa
]lif l ahhi rkndt ohw!Fxpahrf Gkof^hhmwhrikon.che/Ofw
P H ^ F Z ] H H A J L S K C S : 0 0 >
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<0:
Jukam l skepafcrhsscut safmghr tdf tljafslw FSSFO]KLA BKN FOSVZFS S\VLZF CV]S
J [ N L Z [ Z H N H ^ S I K
Kt‛s l fucakmflo whram, mlro
tdf auci. hhmwhrikon nhfs
jfttfr wdfo lonafs lrf prfcksf,
truf, lom ljhvf laa, choskstfot.
‑Choskstfotay hgg― ely jf dhw
yhur whri dls jffo nhkon uotka
ohw, jut elikon l tljafslw safm clo gkx
eloy crhsscuttkon whfs.
Ey safm ks l ghcla phkot hg ey sdhp. ^ktd kt, K clo prhmucf squlrf foms ho
sthci. K clo calep ho l sthp jahci hr
elif l pfocka elri ghr rfpflt cuts. K clo
usf tdf safm ls l paltghre ghr htdfr bknsth cut prfcksf lonafs lom th cut l vlrkfty
hg bhkots. Lom K clo mh laa hg tdks whri
slgfay lom wktd nrfltfr lccurlcy. L crhsscut safm prhvkmfs supphrt grhe
twh mkrfctkhos (jfdkom lom uomfrofltd)
Fvfry slw offms hof. L sdhpelmf safm elifs kt flskfr lom
slgfr th elif lccurltf crhsscuts ho tdf tljafslw.
<. Lttlcd tdf gfocfVsf jhats,
oht scrfws.
]dks elifs
kt flskfr th
lmbust tdfgfocf sh
tdlt kt ks
squlrf th
tdf jalmf.
LOL]HE[ HG L SAFM
L crhsscut safm ks l vfrsltkaf thha wktd bust l gfw clrfguaay lssfejafm plrts. Kts lccurlcy
ho cahsf-gkttkon ruoofrs lom l squlrf gfocf.
JHA]S6 ⁍ <7 ko. jy 3< ⁍ : ko., wktd 3 ⁍ =-ko.
wlsdfrs lt jhat dflm lom out.
Jhat dhafs lrf 3 ⁍ 4 ko. mkl. th prhvkmf
rhhe ghr lmbustkon tdf gfocf.
GFOCFDlrmwhhm, ekaafm ghursq
th << ⁍ : ko. hr <3 ⁍ = ko. tdkc
jy 3< ⁍ : ko. hr wkmfr. ^df
lssfejafm, kt eust jf
tdlo tdf guaa dfkndt hg t
jalmf.
JLSFEMG, 3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci jy
<7 ko. wkmf jy := ko. ahonGZHO] ZLKADlrmwhhm, 3 ⁍ = ko. hr
tdkci, lom tlaafr tdl
dkndfst phkot hg tdf
Kt ks naufm hr lttlcd
grhe uomfrofltd w
chuotfrsuoi whhm
ZVOOFZS\ulrtfrslwo dlrmwhhm, 3 ⁍ 4 ko.
tdkci jy 3 ⁍ = ko. wkmf, trkeefm th
gkt sounay ko ektfr-nlunf sahts
Pdhths2 Stfvf Schtt9 mrlwkon2 Wk
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P H ^ F Z ] H H A J L S K C S : 0 0 > www.g kofwhhmwhr i kon. che
lom sh dhams l whripkfcf ehrf sfcurfay
tdlo ehst sthci ektfr nlunfs. ]dks ks fs-
pfcklaay dfapgua wdfo crhsscuttkon wkmfrpkfcfs, wdfrf l safm ks l eucd slgfr hp-
tkho tdlo ruookon l whripkfcf lnlkost
tdf rkp gfocf, l rfckpf ghr ikcijlci.]df safm ks lccurltf ko plrt jfclusf kts
twko ruoofrs fosurf tdlt tdf sthci ehvfs
ko l strlkndt akof plst tdf jalmf. ]df
sthci ks rfnkstfrfm lnlkost l jlci gfocftdlt ks clrfguaay sft lt ;0° th tdf jalmf.
]df gfocf ks lmbustljaf, sh kt clo jf
rfsft lom rftkndtfofm kg kt nfts iohcifmhut hg wdlci.
Stlrt wktd l squlrf pkfcf hg EMG [hu clo jukam loy skzf safm, jut K strhonay
rfcheefom stlrtkon selaa. K‛vf aflrofm
tdlt kt plys th elif yhur gkrst safm ghr ;;%
hg cuts, tdlt ks, jhlrms afss tdlo <3 ko. wkmf. ]df safm wkaa jf flskfr th elif,
flskfr th ehvf, lom flskfr th lmbust. Ghr
loy cut wkmfr tdlo <3 ko., K dlvf lohtdfrsafm lt 3> ko. wkmf.
]dfrf lrf sfvfrla ifys th lo lccurltf
safm2 l galt jlsf, strlkndt ruoofrs tdlt gktsounay ko tdf ektfr sahts, lom l galt lom
squlrf gfocf. Elif tdf jlsf hut hg 3 ⁍ =-ko.
efmkue-mfoskty gkjfrjhlrm (EMG) ljhut<7 ko. wkmf jy := ko. ahon. Lttlcd l grhot
rlka tdlt ks tlaafr tdlo tdf guaafst dfkndt hg
tdf slwjalmf. Kts bhj ks th dham tdf grhot
hg tdf bkn thnftdfr.
Elif gfocf lom ruoofrs hg dlrmwhhmK elif tdf gfocf hut hg dlrmwhhm,ekaafm ghursqulrf ljhut << ⁍ : ko. tdkci lom
tlaafr tdlo ey tlaafst cut. K elif kt tdks
tdkci sh K clo glstfo kt th tdf jlsfpaltf wktd jhats lom wlsdfrs.
K jukat ey gkrst safm wktd scrfws, lom tdfy
bust mho‛t dham up th tdf jlonkon lrhuomtdks bkn nfts ko lo lctkvf sdhp. Kg yhur EMG
ks rfaltkvfay squlrf, jhat ho tdf gfocf sh
tdlt kts rflr glcf ks laknofm wktd tdf jlci
hg tdf jlsf. [hu‛aa lmbust kt altfr th squlrfkt wktd tdf jalmf.
Ghr tdks safm, K usfm 6 ⁍ <7-ko. jhats lom
mrkaafm 3 ⁍ 4-ko.-mkl. dhafs. ]dks nkvfs efrhhe th lmbust tdf phsktkho hg tdf gfocf.
]df ruoofrs lrf crktkcla th tdf succfss
hg tdf bkn. ]dfy offm th ehvf wktdhutpaly ko tdf ektfr-nlunf sahts. Kg tdfy
mho‛t, yhur bkn wkaa rkmf sahppkay, yhur
Elif tdf ruoofrs hg qulrtfrslwo dlrmwhhm. ^ktd tdf
nrlko hrkfotfm ko tdks wly, sflshola whhm ehvfefot
wkaa clusf tdf ruoofrs th sdrkoi hr swfaa ko tdkciofss, ls
hpphsfm th wkmtd. ]dks eflos tdf ruoofrs who‛t jkom.
]rke tdf dknd sphts. Pusd tdf chepaftfm
safm jlci lom ghrtd ko tdf sahts l gfw tkefs. Loy
palcfs wdfrf tdf ruoofrs ruj lnlkost tdf skmfs
hg tdf sahts wkaa mlrifo. ]rke tdfsf lrfls wktd l
scrlpfr, tdfo wlx tdf ruoofrs lom tdf jhtthe hg
tdf safm th rfmucf grkctkho.
:. Kostlaa tdf ruoofrs
Jlomslw th rhund mkefo-
skhos. Sft tdf gfocf uskon
eflsurfefots tlifo grhe tdf
tljafslw‛s ektfr-nlunf saht.
Bhkot twh glcfs. ]dfsf wkaa
sfrvf ls rfgfrfocf surglcfs ghr
gkola trkeekon hg tdf ruoofrs th
gkt ko tdf ektfr-nlunf sahts.
]rke th gkola wkmtd.
akndt cuts lom cdfci tdf
tdf saht ls yhu nh. [hu l
usf l palofr hr l dlompa
Lttlcd tdf ruoofrs. Lssfejakon tdf safm
wktd tdf ruoofrs ko tdfkr sahts dfaps fosurf
tdfy‛aa jf plrlaafa lom prhpfray splcfm wdfo
yhu‛rf mhof. Lttlcd tdf ruoofrs wktd whhm scrfws mrkvfo koth chuotfrsuoi dhafs.
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G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<0=
Elif l tfst cut. Crhsscut l pkfcf hg wkmf sthci th
nlunf tdf gfocf‛s lccurlcy.
cuts wkaa jf kochoskstfot, lom yhur slaty
vhcljualry wkaa nrhw lt lo lalrekon rltf.
K rfcheefom elikon tdf ruoofrs hgdlrm-wflrkon qulrtfrslwo sthci sucd
ls hli hr elpaf, ljhut 3 ⁍ 4 ko. tdkci, hr
sakndtay tdkoofr tdlo tdf mfptd hg tdf
nlunf sahts. [hu mho‛t wlot tdf ruoofrsjhtthekon hut ko tdf sahts lom akgtkon tdf
jlsfpaltf hgg tdf slw tljaf.
Elif tdf ruoofrs th gkt sounay ko wkmtd,trkeekon tdfe wktd l dlompalof th
gkt koth tdf nlunf sahts. Ofxt, mrkaa ghur
chuotfrsuoi dhafs ko flcd ruoofr ghrgalt-dflm scrfws th dham kt ko palcf.
Ehuot tdf ruoofrs lom lmbust tdf gfocfPalcf tdf ruoofrs ko tdf sahts, aly tdf ls-
sfejafm jlsf lom gfocfs ho tdfe, lom
pusd tdf plcilnf th tdf rflr hg tdf slw
tljaf sh tdlt hof sft hg chuotfrsuoi dhafsks vkskjaf. Elif surf tdf bkn‛s gfocf ks
rfaltkvfay plrlaafa th tdf slw‛s jlci fmnf.
Ehuot twh scrfws koth tdf safm, hof koflcd ruoofr. ]dfo sakmf tdf lssfejay
jlci th tdf grhot fmnf hg tdf slw tljaf
sh tdlt twh ehrf dhafs lrf vkskjaf. Ehuottdfsf scrfws, gakp tdf safm hvfr, lom mrkaa
lom ehuot tdf ghur rfelkokon scrfws.
Palcf tdf safm ko tdf sahts lom try th
pusd kt. ]df ruoofrs wkaa prhjljay jf
thh tkndt. ^lx tdfe lom tdf jhtthe lomsff kg tdf safm wkaa sakmf. Kg oht, cdfci
ghr jalci sphts ho tdf ruoofrs tdlt sdhw
wdfrf tdfy‛rf rujjkon. Vsf l scrlpfr
hr sdhuamfr palof th trke tdhsf lrfls,rfwlx, lom try lnlko. ]df safm sdhuam
ehvf fgghrtafssay ko tdf sahts wktd oh
skmf-th-skmf paly.Ohw yhu‛rf rflmy th stlrt whrikon.
Elif tdf gkrst cut ko tdf safm jy rlkskon
tdf jalmf bust fohund th sakcf tdrhundtdf jlsfpaltf. ]dfo rlksf kt ghr l dkndfr
cut. Palcf l pkfcf hg scrlp ho tdf safm
lom crhsscut kt, cdfcikon tdf rfsuats wktdl squlrf. Lmbust tdf gfocf lcchrmkonay.
[hu clo lash elif l tdrhund crhsscut
lom gakp tdf pkfcfs th sff kg tdfy akof up
pfrgfctay (sff p. :0 ghr tdf tfcdokquf).Ahci mhwo tdf gfocf wktd tdf jhats
wdfo yhu‛rf cuttkon squlrf.
Zfefejfr th lawlys sft tdf bkn mhwosh tdlt kt‛s oht rfstkon ho kts gfocf. [hu
mho‛t wlot kt iohcifm ljhut. Lash, jf
vfry lwlrf hg tdf slwjalmf‛s fxkt phkot.Elri tdks zhof th rfekom yhursfag ofvfr
th palcf yhur gkonfrs cahsf th kt. •
]df safm who‛t elif lccurltf crhsscuts uoafss tdf gfocf ks prfcksfay pfrpfomkcualr th tdf j almf.
]df hvfrskzf jhat dhafs ko tdks gfocf elif kt phsskjaf th lmbust tdf lonaf uotka tfst cuts ykfam squlrf rfsuats.
]kndtfo tdf gfocf. ^dfo yhu‛rf mh
lmbustkon, crloi tdf jhats dhef lom yhu
rflmy th elif crhsscuts.
3. Squlrf tdf gfocf th tdf jalmf
Elif tdf ifrg. Sft tdf jalmf
th kts guaa dfkndt lom cut tdrhund
tdf safm.
Cdfci tdf cut wktd l squl
Loy nlps wkaa dfap yhu mftfreko
mkrfctkho lom lehuot hg lmbusttdf gfocf rfqukrfs.
Elri yhur stlrtkon palcf. Jfghrf kon tdf gfocf, elri kts hrknkola ahcltkho
rfgfrfocf phkot.
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L2 ZHV]KON L CVZWFM PLOFA wktd l vfrtkcla plofa-rlkskon
jkt kso‛t prlctkcla hr slgf. ]df
gkxturf ghr tdks lppakcltkho ks
sh chepakcltfm lom rksiy tdlt
kt mhfs oht bustkgy ktsfag. ]df
whri dls th jf rhtltfm plst
tdf cuttfr wdkaf ho kts fmnf
lnlkost tdf gfocf. Kt‛s uoslgf
lt loy spffm jfclusf tdfrf‛s
phhr whripkfcf chotrha.
Dhwfvfr, curvfm plofas clo
jf rlksfm wktd l rhutfr uskon
l dhrkzhotla cuttfr. Kt rfqukrfsjflrkon-nukmfm plofa-rlkskon
jkts hg 3 ko. mkl. hr ehrf.
^ktd tdfsf alrnf cuttfrs,
elikon mffp cuts ko hof
plss ks dlzlrmhus. Sh cut ko
stlnfs jy ehvkon tdf jkt up
ko kocrfefots. Ohtf2 Alrnf-
mkleftfr jkts eust jf ruo lt
eucd sahwfr spffms.
”Plt lrofr ks lutdhr
hg ]df Zhutfr Jhhi
(]df ]luotho Prfss,
:00<).]df curvf hg tdf plofa rkmfs lnlkost tdf jf
ho tdf rhutfr jkt ls tdf jkt ks rlksfm nrlmul
succfsskvf cuts. ]df pko ko tdf tljaf laahw
whripkfcf th jf pkvhtfm koth tdf cuttfr th
tdf cut.
\2 K dlvf jffo uskonl vfrtkcla plofa-
rlkskon jkt ghr slgfty
ghr eloy yflrs, lom
ohw K‛m akif th elif
l plofa wktd tdf thp
curvfm. Clo K elif
l bkn tdlt whuam whri
ghr tdks8
” ZHJFZ] ZFMK ONFZ,
Sdhrfwhhm, Kaa.
Mho‛t sdlpf curvfm plofas wktd vfrtkcla jkts
L tlaa gfocf lom gfltdfrjhlrm supphrt tdf
ko tdf vfrtkcla phsktkho. Elif tdf cut ko sf
plssfs jy nrlmulaay ehvkon tdf gfocf jlc
WFZ]KCLA JK]S
^HZI GHZ
S]ZLKND] FMNFS
SDLPF CVZWFM
PLOFAS K]D
DHZKRHO]LA JK]S
\2 Ls K wls pusdkon
l <:-ko.-mkl. pkaalr
tdrhund l < ⁍ :-ko.
jlomslw jalmf
lnlkost tdf gfocf,
tdf jalmf summfoay
wfot hgg trlci,cdfwkon up tdf tljaf
kosfrt lom plrt hg tdf
mhhr tdlt chvfrs tdf
jhtthe wdffa. dlt
dlppfofm8
” J K A A J L A A F R L,
Dhustho, ]fxls
L2 EHS] AKIFA[ DL] DLPPFOFM LS ]DF PKAALZ ZH]L]FM L JK]
ls yhu wfrf cuttkon, solnnkon tdf jlci hg tdf jalmf lom puaakon
ghrwlrm hut hg tdf nukmfs. Ghr slgfty, yhu sdhuam stljkakzf
pkaalr jy glstfokon kt th l paywhhm safm9 ghr ahon pkaalrs, su
tdf hutjhlrm fom hg tdf safm ho l rhaafr stlom.
Ho l jlomslw, tdfrf ks ohtdkon rfstrlkokon tdf jalmf grh
jfkon pusdfm ghrwlrm lom hut hg tdf nukmfs. Kt tlifs hoayselaa lehuot hg prfssurf ho tdf trlkakon fmnf hg tdf jalmf
th sdkgt ghrwlrm. Lom l < ⁍ :-ko. jalmf offms th ehvf ghrwlrm
ljhut 3 ⁍ 4 ko. ghr kt th pusd caflr hg tdf skmf jahcis lom mlel
elcdkof. ]dlt‛s wdy yhu sdhuam ofvfr try th jlci hut hg l
wktd tdf jalmf ehvkon.
”Bhdo dktf ks sdhp elolnfr ghr Gkof hhmwh
Cuttkon rhuom sthci ho tdf jlomslw
Slgf cuts ko rhuom sthci. Calep tdf sthci ko
l safm scrfwfm th l ektfr nlunf. Jf surf tdf
calep skts jfahw tdf sthci‛s cfotfrakof.
Pdhths, fxcfpt wdfrf ohtfm2 Elrckl Zylo9 tdks plnf (thp)2 Ifaay B. Muotho9 mrlwkon (glckon plnf)2 Wko
\&L
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<07
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\2 Kt‛s dlrm th nft l aht hg afvfrlnf ho tdf jalmf
hg ey cljkoft slw wdfo K‛e tkndtfokon kt th tdflrjhr. dlt tfcdokquf sdhuam K usf th tkndtfo
tdf jalmf sh tdlt kt who‛t gay hgg wdkaf spkookon8
” LLZHO NZLDLE ,
Blelk cl Palk o, Elss.
L2 BLEEKON L JAHCI HG HHM lnlkost tdf
jalmf‛s rke hr calepkon tdf jalmf clo
pfrelofotay mksthrt l prfcksfay elmf
jalmf. ]df eftdhm K usf mhfso‛t put loy
strfss ho tdf jalmf. Lgtfr yhu nft tdf out
gkonfr-tkndt lnlkost tdf jalmf, palcf tdf
wrfocd ho tdf out, dham tdf jalmf wktd hof dlom, lom strkif
tdf wrfocd wktd l jahci hg dlrmwhhm, tlikon twh hr tdrffehmfrltf jahws. ]dks eftdhm skeualtfs tdf lctkho hg lo keplct
wrfocd, uskon tdf kofrtkl hg tdf slw‛s mrkvf systfe th iffp tdf
lrjhr stkaa wdkaf tdf out ks tkndtfofm. Jfclusf hg tdf wly l slw
ks mfsknofm, yhu mho‛t dlvf th whrry tdlt uomfrtkndtfokon tdf
out crfltfs l rksi tdlt kt wkaa chef ahhsf lom laahw tdf jalmf
th gay hgg. ]df mkrfctkho hg tdf tdrflms ho tdf lrjhr ruo ko
hpphsktf mkrfctkho hg tdf lrjhr‛s rhtltkho9 sh fvfo l ahhsf whuamo‛t spko hgg tdf sdlgt wdkaf tdf slw wls ruookon.
]h rfehvf tdf out, rfvfrsf tdf prhcfmurf. Palcf l sdhp
ho tdf fmnf hg tdf tljaf-kosfrt hpfokon th prfvfot tdf wrf
dlomaf grhe mkonkon tdf tljaf wdfo tdf out chefs ahhsf.
Stflmy tdf jalmf wktd sakndt dlom prfssurf. ]dfo l gfw qukci rlps ho tdf grff fom hg tdf
wrfocd wktd l pkfcf hg dlrmwhhm lrf laa tdlt ks offmfm th tkndtfo tdf out shakmay (afgt). Ahhs
jalmf tdf slef wly, jut prhtfct tdf tljafthp grhe tdf ahhsfofm wrfocd (rkndt).
]ljafslw-jalmftkndtfokon tfcdokquf
\2 dfo uskon l dlomdfam
bknslw, ey cuts hgtfo mfvkltf
grhe pfrpfomkcualr, fspfcklaay
wdfo cuttkon curvfs ko tdkci
sthci. ^dlt mh yhu rfcheefom8
” ALZZ[ LOMFZSHO,
Sflttaf, ^lsd.
Iffp l squlrf fmnf wdkaf cuttkon wktd l bknslw
L2 CV]]KON LCCVZL]F CVZWFS wktd
l bknslw rfqukrfs tdf rkndt jalmf,
slw sfttkons, lom prhcfmurf.
Hocf yhu‛vf cdfcifm tdlt tdf
shaf hg tdf bknslw ks squlrf wktd
tdf jalmf, eltcd tdf wkmtd hg tdf
jalmf th tdf rlmkus hg tdf cut2 tdf
tkndtfr tdf rlmkus, tdf olrrhwfr
tdf jalmf. Ghr tkndt curvfs ko
sthci ls tdkci ls 3 ⁍ = ko., K usf tdf
olrrhw Jhscd ]<0<LH.
Kg yhur bknslw dls lo hsckaaltkon-
jalmf gflturf, usf tdf ahwfst
sfttkon th cut curvfs. Murkon tdf
cut, lppay prfssurf th tdf slw
hoay ko tdf mkrfctkho hg tdf cut.
Skmf prfssurf wkaa ghrcf tdf jalmfth tkp hr tkat, lom tdf cut wkaa oht
jf squlrf. Ehmfrltf th dknd jalmf
spffm lom l glkray sahw gffm rltf
wkaa dfap prfvfot skmf prfssurf.
”Zhalom Bhdosho ks l
whhmwhrifr ko Slui Zlpkms,
Ekoo., lom l chotrkjutkon fmkthr
th Gkof ^hhmwhrikon.
Cdhhsf tdf rkndt jalmf. L olr-
rhw jalmf laahws ghr cuttkon tkndt
curvfs, lom tdf ehrf tfftd pfr
kocd, tdf sehhtdfr tdf cut. ]df
:0-tpk Jhscd ]<0<L0 (thp jalmf)
ks mfsknofm th cut tkndt curvfs ko
sthci up th 3 ⁍ = ko. tdkci.
Prfssurf lko tdf mkrf
tdf cut if
jalmf strl
PZHJAFE SHAV]KHO
Skmfwlys prfssurfclusfs tdf jalmf th
jfom lom cut lt lo
lonaf.
Lonafm cut Strlkndt cut
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L2 K]D ]DF SL^ ]VZOFM HGG LOM VOPAVNNFM, scruj
hgg fejfmmfm slwmust wktd l jrlss jrusd. Spko tdf
wdffa jy dlom lom dham tdf jrusd ko palcf lnlkosttdf wdffa. Lvhkm uskon hka-jlsfm shavfots sucd ls
plkot tdkoofr jfclusf tdfy ely mlelnf tdf rujjfr
hg tdf tkrf.
]h lvhkm tdf jukamup ko tdf gkrst palcf, yhu clo
elif tdrff skepaf ehmkgkcltkhos.
Gkrst, kostlaa l mfgafcthr tdlt wkaa cdloofa tdf m
thwlrm tdf pkciup cdutf. L pkfcf hg stkgg rujjf
gafxkjaf palstkc clo jf lttlcdfm wktd sfag-tlppkoscrfws hr mhujaf-skmfm lmdfskvf tlpf.
Sfchom, kostlaa lo lmmktkhola must pkciup ko td
jhtthe afgt-dlom chrofr hg tdf ahwfr dhuskon,
l pkaf hg must tfoms th chaafct. [hu clo usf l e
cuttkon dhaf slw th mrkaa tdf dhaf. L slwmust pk
cdutf lvlkaljaf grhe thha suppakfrs clo jf lttlc
wktd scrfws hvfr tdf dhaf.
Gkolaay lom ehst kephrtlot, loy rfelkokon mu
clo jf ifpt hgg tdf wdffas jy kostlaakon ko tdf
dhuskon l stkgg jrusd tdlt caflos tdf ahwfr wdf
ls kt rhtltfs. K usf l whhmfo scruj jrusd wktd s
olturla jrkstafs tdlt K cut th skzf lom lttlcd wktd
whhm scrfws, kosfrtfm tdrhund dhafs ko tdf efclstkon.
^ktd tdfsf ehmkgkcltkhos, K dlvfo‛t dlm th rfp
tdf tkrfs tdlt clef wktd ey jlomslw 30 yflrs l
”Ekcdlfa Ghrtuof ks l gurokturf
ko Alifgkfam, Hot., C
Iffp jlomslw tkrfs caflo\2 Dhw mh yhu caflo
fejfmmfm slwmust
hgg jlomslw tkrfslom ekokekzf tdf
must grhe jukamkon
up ho tdf tkrfs8
” EFA DLAPFZO,
Zkcdjhrh, Pl.
Kostlaa l jrusd ko tdf ahwfr dhuskon,
lnlkost tdf wdffa. Kturrl Mfskno
(444->::->0>4) clrrkfs l jrusd tdlt gkts
tdf Mfatl <=-ko. jlomslw.
Kostlaa l must mfgafcthr jfahw tdf
tljaf. Vsf l pkfcf hg gafxkjaf cuttkon
jhlrm, ghuom lt dlrmwlrf sthrfs, lom
lakno kt wktd tdf must-chaafctkho phrt.
Sehhtdfr cuts ho tdf tljafslwL2 ]LJAFSL^S OFFM LCCVZL]F
laknoefot th pfrghre wfaa. ]df
ektfr-nlunf sahts eust jf lmbustfm
plrlaafa wktd tdf jalmf, lom tdf rkp
gfocf sdhuam jf lmbustfm sakndtay
hut hg plrlaafa jy rfgfrfockon hggtdf ektfr saht. ]h iffp tdf rflr hg
tdf jalmf grhe rfcuttkon tdf sthci
wdfo rkppkon, tdf rkp gfocf offms
th jf hut hg plrlaafa jy < ⁍ 7= ko. th< ⁍ 3: ko. hvfr kts afontd.
Ko lmmktkho, usf l spakttfr ko tdf
tljaf kosfrt hr lttlcd hof th tdf
lrjhr lssfejay th prfvfot tdf
whri grhe chekon hgg tdf gfocf
lom koth tdf jalmf (cluskon
mlonfrhus ikcijlci) sdhuam kt
mfckmf th jhw ho yhu murkon l
cut. Ehst kephrtlotay, rfefejfr th
rfsft tdf gfocf plrlaafa th tdf jalmf
wdfofvfr yhu ehvf tdf gfocf th
tdf afgt hg tdf jalmf. Kg yhu mho‛t,
tdf whri wkaa jkom ko tdf cut.
”Nlry Zhnhwsik ruos tdf
Ohrtdwfst hhmwhrikon Stumkh ko
Phrtalom, Hrf.
\2 dfo rkppkon
wktd l clrjkmf jalmf
lom l Jkfsfefyfr
gfocf, K clooht iffp
tdf rflr hg tdf jalmf
grhe rfcuttkon wdltdls larflmy plssfm
tdrhund tdf grhot hg
tdf jalmf. Ks tdfrf l
shautkho8
” MFOOK S ^ LASD,
]wko Pflis , Clak g.
Hggsft jftwffo
gfocf lom ektfr
saht lt rflr hg tl< ⁍ 7= ko. th < ⁍ 3: ko.
HGGSF] ]DF GFOCF LOM LMM L SPAK]]FZ
Ghr cuts grff hg juros lom slwelris, lmbust tdf rkp gfocf s
hut hg plrlaafa wktd tdf ektfr-nlunf saht. L spakttfr iffps st
grhe mrkgtkon koth tdf jalmf lom cltcdkon.
Spakttfr prfvfots
ikcijlci.
Ektfr-nlunf saht,
plrlaafa wktd tdf jalmf Gfocf
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<04
\&L chotkoufm
Mrlwkon (tdks plnf)2 Ifaay B
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skepaf prhbfcts ghr tdf stumfots th
Ey slgfty kostructkhos ghr tdfe lrf
slef K nkvf th lmuats2
<. ]hhas lrf oht thys. Ko htdfr whrm
tdfe hoay ghr tdfkr kotfomfm purphsf.
:. Ofvfr usf l thha uotka yhu dlvf jff
sdhwo dhw th dlomaf kt prhpfray. Ghr l
tlif tkef th aflro th usf l thha. Dlvf td
slafselo nkvf yhu shef kostructkho, rfl
jhhi ho tdf thpkc, hr tlif l calss.3. Lawlys usf l thha tdf wly yhu wfrf s
Hjvkhusay, tdfrf lrf htdfr kephrtlot sl
ruafs, jut tdf phkot ks tdlt yhu ofvfr hu
tdf jlskc trutds, lom yhu‛rf ofvfr thh se
sakp up.
Zuafs th akvf jy ^dkaf flcd thha dls kts slgfty ruafs,
lrf shef nfofrla prlctkcfs tdlt yhu s
rfpflt uotka tdfy jfchef konrlkofm dljkts.
Mho‛t durry, lom mho‛t whri tkrfm ”Ehst
ckmfots dlppfo jfclusf tdf whhmwhrifr wls ko
rusd lom mkm oht wlot th tlif tdf tkef th prfplrf ghr buhof qukci cut. ]df pfrsho iofw tdf rksi jut gknurfm kt wh
dlppfo tdks hof tkef. ^dfo yhu lrf gltknufm hr htdfrwksf
plkrfm, nft hut hg tdf sdhp.
Kg kt elifs yhu ofrvhus, mho‛t mh kt ”Lgtfr laa tdf fgg
yhu nh tdrhund th trlko tdlt akttaf vhkcf ko yhur dflm, akstf
]rust kt th wlro yhu wdfo sheftdkon ks uoslgf.
Dffm tdf elouglcturfr‛s wlrokons”^f laa iohw tdh
slgfty kostructkhos lrf tdfrf prkelrkay th prhtfct tdf elou
fr grhe akljkakty. Dhwfvfr, akljkakty eflos shefhof dls nh
durt, sh tdf wlrokons lrf tdfrf th prhtfct yhu ls wfaa. ]dk
lppakfs th jalmf nulrms lom sdrhums. Surf, shef hg tdfe
plko, jut lo kobury ks whrsf.
^flr fyf prhtfctkho”Put ho slgfty nalssfs wdfofvfr lrf mhkon loytdkon tdlt clo sfom fvfo tdf selaafst pkfcf
whhm hr eftla koth tdf lkr. Mho tdfe wdfofvfr stlrtkon l
cdkof hr swkonkon l dleefr hr elaaft.
Ey whrst fyf kobury wls tfephrlry, jut kt surf durt. Kt
dlppfofm gkvf yflrs lnh wdfo K wls trkeekon tdf fom hg
tfoho wktd l nhunf lom elaaft, lom l cduoi hg whhm php
upwlrm. Ghr :6 yflrs, K dlm nhttfo lwly wktd mhkon tdks tl
wktdhut fyf prhtfctkho. ktd l dlom hvfr ey tdrhjjkon fy
Jfkon l whhmwhrifr nulrlotffs
tdlt pfrkhmkclaay yhu lrf nhkon th
nft durt. [hu clooht lttfom loy
whhmwhrifrs sdhw hr cauj efft-
kon wktdhut ohtkckon dloms tdlt
lrf sdhrt l chupaf hg mknkts. [hu
dflr sthrkfs hg dhrrkjaf lcckmfots, fvfo gltla hofs.
Lcckmfots lrf kofvktljaf. Sh yhur nhla sdhuam jf
th fosurf tdlt loy koburkfs lrf sakndt, tdf shrt yhu
clo trflt wktd jlomlnfs lom slavf rltdfr tdlo ltrkp th tdf dhspktla.
Leputltkhos lom htdfr sfrkhus lcckmfots lrf oht
kofvktljaf. Ehst whhmwhrifrs elolnf th iffp
tdfkr jhmkfs kotlct. Lgtfr 30 yflrs hg whhmwhri-
kon, K dlvf ouefrhus selaa sclrs ho ey dloms jut
clo stkaa chuot th <0. K lash dlvf l sclr ho ey
ghrfdflm wdfrf K wls dkt jy l pkfcf
hg whhm tdlt gafw hut hg tdf
altdf. K wksd K dlm stlrtfm
uskon dflrkon prhtfctkho l aht
shhofr. Ey mhcthr tfaas ef K
clooht rfnlko ey dflrkon, hoay
prhtfct tdf akttaf K dlvf afgt. Htdfrwksf, K le ls che-paftf ls wdfo K fotfrfm tdf whram. Lgtfr :< yflrs hg tflcdkon
shef 3,600 pfhpaf, hoay twh dlvf cut tdfesfavfs jlmay fohund
th rfqukrf l mhcthr‛s lttfotkho. K akif th tdkoi kt ks jfclusf hg tdf
slgfty afcturf K nkvf lt tdf jfnkookon hg fvfry calss lom tdf rf-
koghrcfefot wf nkvf jfghrf fvfry mfehostrltkho.
Latdhund tdfrf lrf ahts hg slgfty ruafs ghr whhmwhrikon, slgfty
ks l stltf hg ekom. Ko htdfr whrms, yhur jfst prhtfctkho ks aflro-
kon th jfdlvf slgfay. Mfvfahpkon tdks stltf hg ekom rfqukrfs
fejfmmkon kt ko yhur jrlko sh tdlt l akttaf vhkcf scrfles fvfry
tkef yhu gakrt wktd mlonfr. [hu sdhuam crfltf tdks stltf hg ekom
wdkaf stkaa l jfnkoofr, jut kt ofvfr durts sflshofm whhmwhrifrs
th rfgrfsd lom strfontdfo kt.
]df jfst rfekomfrs lrf skepaf, akif tdf bkonafs Elmksho Lvfouf usfs th fejfm prhmuct olefs ko yhur ekom. L ghr-
efr stlgg efejfr, Mlo Glkl, ofvfr ghrnht tdf loohykon akttaf
lmlnf dks dknd-scdhha sdhp tflcdfr usfm2 ‑L caflo sdhp ks
l dlppy sdhp. L dlppy sdhp ks l guo sdhp. L guo sdhp ks l
slgf sdhp.― Latdhund tdks chroy mktty nfofrltfm l aht hg schro
grhe tdf tffolnf stumfots, Mlo ks stkaa kogaufocfm jy kt.
L ahcla ikomfrnlrtfo tflcdfr jrkons dfr calss th hur scdhha
fvfry yflr ghr lo kotrhmuctkho th whhmwhrikon, lom wf sft up
Mrlwkon2 Akoml G
Zuaf hof2 Lvhkm elbhr koburkfs
J [ E K C D L F A M V Osdhp slgfty
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swhrf kg K wls stkaa ljaf th sff wdfo K thhi tdf dlom lwly tdlt K
whuam wflr nhnnafs fvfr lgtfr.
Prhtfct yhur dflrkon lom auon s”]df koburkfs wf rksi lrf
oht lawlys ls keefmkltf ls jfkon dkt ko tdf fyf hr trkeekon
l mknkt hgg l dlom. [hu ahsf yhur dflrkon sh sahway yhu mho‛t
ohtkcf, jut fvfotulaay yhu fom up ls K dlvf, cuppkon yhur dlom
jfdkom yhur flr th dflr fvfo l ohrela chovfrsltkho.
Ofwfr flrpauns lom euggs lrf mfsknofm th aft dlreafss afvfas
hg shuom tdrhund, jahcikon hoay shuoms tdlt lrf mlonfrhusay
ahum. Shef euggs fvfo chef wktd l jukat-ko rlmkh. ]dfrf‛s oh
fxcusf ghr oht uskon tdfe.
hhm must lom htdfr prhmucts wf usf clo mh cueualtkvf
mlelnf th hur auons. Kostlaa must chaafcthrs lom lkr caflofrs,
lom wflr l qulakty musi elsi wdfo mhkon loytdkon tdlt crfltfs
l aht hg gkof must. Zfefejfr, tdf must ks tdfrf, fvfo tdhund yhu
clooht sff kt ehst hg tdf tkef. Ko tdf wkotfr, wdfo tdf suo ks
ahw lom sdkofs mkrfctay tdrhund yhur sdhp wkomhws, ohtkcf tdf
fvfr-prfsfot cahum hg must dlonkon ko tdf lkr. ]df efehry hg
tdks cahum sdhuam sft hgg l akttaf vhkcf ko yhur dflm tdlt prhepts
yhu th turo ho tdf lkr caflofr lom put ho l must elsi wdfo-
fvfr yhu pkci up slomplpfr.Iffp tdf sdhp caflo lom uocauttfrfm ”K dlvf dflrm hg
ahts hg lcckmfots tdlt kovhavf trkppkon hvfr cauttfr hr thhas
glaakon koth elcdkofs. ]dfsf kockmfots lrf l aht afss akifay kg yhu
caflo rfnualray. Lt hur scdhha, flcd stumfot ks kostructfm
th keefmkltfay pkci up loy selaa pkfcfs hg whhm tdlt glaa
tdf gahhr lom palcf tdfe ko tdf juro jlrrfa. Jfclusf tdf s
wlais lrhuom tdf whhmsdhp chostlotay, wf dlvf l vfstfm
kotfrfst ko tdks. K dlvf oflray glaafo sfvfrla tkefs stfppkon
selaa cuthggs.
f dlvf stumfots put lwly tdfkr thhas lom caflo tdf jfo
lgtfr fvfry hpfrltkho. f sthp tdf calss lom caflo tdf sdh
frla tkefs l mly lom jfghrf aflvkon ghr tdf okndt.
Caflo lom uocauttfrfm lash lppakfs th yhur pfrsho. Zfeh
bfwfary, rhaa up saffvfs, lom tkf up ahon dlkr. Loy hg tdfsf
nft clundt ko l ehvkon jalmf.
Prfvfot lcckmfots, jut prfplrf ghr tdfe”]dks shuo
jkt chotrlmkcthry, shrt hg akif tdf ham Zhelo slykon, ‑]h pr
sfrvf pflcf, prfplrf ghr wlr.― Jut l qukci rfsphosf clo d
hgg l truf mkslstfr. Iffp fefrnfocy ouejfrs jy tdf pdho
Iffp l efmkcla ikt ko tdf sdhp. Mkspaly lom elkotlko yhu
fxtkonuksdfrs. Kostlaa l elstfr ikaa swktcd ghr laa hg yhur el
cdkofs. Iffp dflrkon, fyf, lom must prhtfctkho lt fvfry w
stltkho.
Prhtfct yhur prhpfrty ”Gkolaay, slgfty lppakfs th yhur
frty ls wfaa ls th yhur pfrsho. K iohw ouefrhus pfhpaf wsdhps dlvf jurofm th tdf nrhuom. Mksphsf hg hka-shlifm r
prhpfray. Iffp galeeljafs tkndtay clppfm lom ko l eftla c
oft. Vopaun jlttfry cdlrnfrs lom phrtljaf phwfr thhas jfg
aflvkon tdf sdhp ghr tdf okndt.
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Akstfo cahsfay th yhur thhas, lom tdfy‛aa
spfli vhauefs. ]df shuoms l thha elifs
clo lafrt yhu th l muaa jalmf, lo kochrrfct
sftup, hr l gluaty tfcdokquf. Kg yhu aflro
tdfkr alonulnf, yhur thhas wkaa tfaa yhu
ljhut kssufs sh yhu clo sft tdfe rkndt
jfghrf tdfy jfchef prhjafes.
Jlomslws sdhuam due
]df jlomslw ks hof hg tdf ehst vhcla thhas ko tdfsdhp, sh dflr wdlt kt dls th sly jfghrf yhu stlrt
slwkon. Kg laa‛s wfaa, yhu‛aa dflr ohtdkon jut tdf
ehthr‛s due lom tdf wdkrakon wdffas. Kg yhu
dflr scrltcdkon, sheftdkon‛s thucdkon
wdfrf kt sdhuamo‛t.
Cdfci ghr mfjrks
ko tdf ahwfr nukmf,
hr sff kg tdf jalmf
nulrm ks rujjkon ho
tdf uppfr wdffa hr
kg tdf nukmfs lrf thh
cahsf th tdf jalmf.
^dfo tdf jalmf tfo-skho ks kolmfqultf,
yhu‛aa dflr l salppkon
shuom bust ljhvf tdf
tljaf ho tdf afgt-dlom
skmf hg tdf elcdkof.
L rdytdekc tkcikon
eflos tdlt hof spht
ho tdf jalmf ks dkttkon
tdf nukmfs. Kg kt‛s l shgt
tkci, kt‛s akifay ohtdkon
ehrf tdlo l rhund wfam
ho tdf jalmf9 gkx kt jy
tlikon l gkaf th tdfspht, jut jf clrf-
gua oht th mlelnf
tdf tfftd hr cdlonf
tdfkr sft.
L ahum tkci eflos
tdfrf‛s l ikoi ko tdf
jalmf tdlt chuam
jrfli lt loy eh-
efot. ]df ikoi ely dlvf ghrefm wdfo yhu trkfm th
slw l rlmkus tkndtfr tdlo tdf jalmf chuam elolnf.
Ofxt tkef yhu cut l tkndt curvf, akstfo ghr tdf jalmf‛s
wlkakon ehlo tdlt slys, ‑]df jalmf ks bleefm
lnlkost tdf nukmfs. [hu‛vf turofm thh glr!― Ghrckon
tdf turo jfyhom tdks phkot wkaa mlelnf tdf jalmf.
Aflro wdfo th lmbust tdf gffm rltf jy akstfokon th
tdf ehthr‛s pktcd ls yhu cut. ^dfo tdf pktcd stlrts
nfttkon sahwfr lom mffpfr ko thof, yhu‛vf fxcffmfm
tdf spffm akekt. Jlci hgg tdf cut. Lmbustkon tdf gffmrltf jlsfm ho pktcd dhams truf ghr laa slws”lom bust
ljhut fvfry htdfr phwfr thha ls wfaa.
]ljafslws sdhuam wdkr sehhtday, wdftdfr cuttkon hr oht
^dfo laa‛s wfaa wktd tdf tljafslw,
ruookon kt wktdhut ahlm wkaa prh-
mucf l stflmy, jrfltdy wdkof tdlt
vlrkfs ko pktcd ghr flcd jalmf. Kg tdf
jalmf ks sdlrp lom truf, tdf tljafslw
jlrfay wkaa shuom loy mkggfrfot
wdfo slwkon whhm.
L cdflp hr jlmay jlalocfmjalmf mhfso‛t shuom sehhtd
wdfo tdf slw ks ruookon
wktdhut ahlm, lom kt calttfrs
wdfo slwkon. Kg yhur tljafslw
elifs l ahum tduoi wdfo yhu
turo kt ho, tdf jfats prhjljay
offm tkndtfokon.
Bhkotfr lom palofr chepalko wdfo yhu nh lnlkost tdf nrlko]df bhkotfr hr palofr wkaa tfaa yhu
wdfo yhu‛rf ruookon tdf whhm
tdrhund tdf elcdkof lnlkost tdfnrlko. Zltdfr tdlo tdf usula tkci-
kon ohksf hg tdf iokvfs, yhu‛aa
dflr sheftdkon tdlt
shuoms ehrf akif
tflrkon, l ikom hg
iiiiirrrrrkkkkci
ls tdf cduois
rkp hut. Kt‛s l
Akstfo th yhur thhas]DF[ EL[ JF ]FAAKON [HV ]DL] SHEF]DKON‛S ^ZHON
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N Mrlwkons2 Cduci<<:
J [ L K E Ë H O ] L Z K H G Z L guomlefotlas
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mkggfrfot shuom grhe tdf
gwlci-gwlci-gwlci salp-
pkon hg muaa iokvfs. ]dks
muaa shuom ks skekalr th tdf
shuom tdf bhkotfr lom palofr
elif wdfo cahnnfm
wktd cdkps. Kg tdf must-
chaafctkho systfe kso‛t
whrikon, tdf salppkon
shuom hg tdf jalmfs
wkaa jf euggafm jy tdf
cdkps ahmnfm jftwffo
tdf iokvfs lom tdf
whhm.
Zhutfrs cdlonfpktcd wdfo tdfrf‛s
l prhjafe
Zhutfrs wdkof l aht, jutl scrffcd hr l wlka eflos
sheftdkon‛s wrhon”akifay l
jlm jflrkon. L ahwfr pktcd eflos
tdf rhutfr ks tlikon thh jkn l jktf lom jhnnkon mhwo.
[hu sdhuam rfmucf tdf cut hr gffm rltf.
^dfo lpprhlcdkon l chrofr ho tdf whripkfcf
wktd lo fmnf-trkeekon jkt ko tdf rhutfr, yhu clo
lvhkm tflrhut jy akstfokon ghr tflrkon uomfrthofs lom
jlcikon hgg tdf kostlot yhu dflr tdfe. ]lif l akndt
plss lrhuom tdf chrofr ko tdf wrhon mkrfctkho th
sthp hr lt aflst rfmucf tflrhut. ]dfsf jlciwlrm, hr
cakej, cuts gffa guooy”jf prfplrfm ghr tdf rhutfr th
juci lom squkre l akttaf. Hocf yhu dlvf caflrfm tdf wly, nh jlci th rhutkon grhe afgt th rkndt lom che-
paftf tdf chrofr.
Kg yhu‛rf uskon l rhutfr rkmkon lnlkost l tfepaltf
th sdlpf curvfm pkfcfs, iffp tdf lehuot yhu cut th
afss tdlo tdf rlmkus hg tdf jkt. Kg kt‛s ehrf, tdf rhutfr
who‛t ofcfsslrkay sahw mhwo, jut yhu wkaa dflr
tflrkon ohksfs ls tdf hutfr fmnf hg tdf jkt rkps
lwly akttaf cduois hg whhm (tdhund oht lawlys
sh akttaf”wltcd hut ghr mfjrks).
Mrkaas dlvf tdfkr hwo alonulnfFvfo l chrmafss mrkaa dls l mkstkoctkvf
vhcljualry hg ohksfs. [hu prhjljay iohw
dhw kt shuoms wdfo tdf jlttfry ks guaay cdlrnfm
hr wdfo kt‛s oflray mflm. Jut clo yhu tfaa wdfo
tdf jkt ks ljhut th puocd tdrhund tdf whhm8
Akstfo cahsfay ofxt tkef, lom yhu‛aa dflr l
sakndt ahwfrkon ko pktcd ls tdf mrkaa aljhrs
tdrhund tdhsf mkggkcuat gkola rhtltkhos. Ko
eftlas hr dlrmwhhms, yhu‛aa lash dflr l
akttaf scrffcd tdlt eflos kt‛s tkef th flsf
hgg ho yhur pusdkon lom th prfplrf ghr tdlt wrkst-
wrfocdkon ikci.
Mrkaas elif htdfr dfapgua shuoms. L phuomkon
ohksf wdfo mrkvkon scrfws eflos tdlt tdf mrkvfr‛s
oht guaay fonlnfm”kt‛s jhuockon ko lom hut hg tdf
scrfw dflm. Pusd dlrmfr th iffp tdf mrkvfr fo-
nlnfm ko tdf saht. L cdhppy wdkof eflos tdf spffm
swktcd ks stuci jftwffo dknd lom ahw. Lom, hg
chursf, tdfrf‛s tdf jrrrrrrkpp hg tdf cautcd rfaflsf,
wdkcd eflos tdf scrfw ks ko ls glr ls kt clo nh ho
tdlt sfttkon.
Dlom thhas tfaa yhu wdfo tdfy‛rf dlppy ^dfo laa‛s wfaa wktd l dlompalof, kt fekts l sehhtd
wdhhhhksssssd, akif tdf tflrkon hg skai. L muaa jalmf
elifs l sfrkfs hg iwhhhhhcdddd ohksfs, skekalr
th tdf shuom hg shefhof nfttkon rflmy th spkt.
^dfo tdf krho ks sdlrp, jut yhu‛rf palokon lnlkost
tdf nrlko, yhu‛aa dflr lo uomfrthof hg rkppkon ls tdfgkjfrs jrfli hgg rltdfr tdlo nft cafloay sdflrfm.
Kg l dlomslw ks muaa hr ks tdf wrhon typf ghr tdf
bhj (sucd ls rkppkon wktd l crhsscut slw), yhu
clo dflr kt ko tdf cut. Zltdfr tdlo tdf juskofssakif
vhh-jl hg l nhhm slw (hr tdf jl-vhh hg l Blplofsf
slw), yhu‛aa dflr l afss-lccfotfm dugg-dl. Kg yhur
slw ks cuttkon wfaa, elkotlko l stflmy rdytde. [hu
ely dlvf th latfr yhur stlocf lom laknoefot uotka
yhu nft tdlt shuom ghr sfvfrla sfchoms. ]dfo yhu
clo aft ahhsf lom slw rkndt tdrhund.
Flcd thha dls kts hwo alonulnf, lom wktd l akttaf
fxpfrkfocf yhu clo uomfrstlom
wdlt flcd hof dls th sly. [hu‛aafonlnf ko l mklahnuf wktd tdf
thha tdlt clo‛t dfap jut elif
yhu l jfttfr whhmwhrifr.
Sh akstfo up! ▬
G K O F ^ H H M ^ H Z I K O N<<=
guomlefotlas chotkoufm
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Zlks
Jlomslws, p. 30
Zhutfr Bkns, p. 40
^]DF JFS] HG
jlskcsPhwfr thha
•NF] EHZF GZHE [HVZ ]HHAS
•KEPZHWF [HVZ ]FCDOK\VFS
•ELIF ]KEF-SLWKON BKNSMrkaa Prfss, p. 37