AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
SUMMARISING EFFECTIVELY
INTRODUCTION TO APA STYLE
CENTRE FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING LIBRARY 3RD FLOOR09 441-8143 [email protected]
The slides can be seen at: http://tinyurl.com/218150workshop2016
218.150: Writing Essentials
• What is plagiarism?
• When is it ok to copy something directly word for word instead of summarising it in your own words?
• What are the five steps to follow when you summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or website?
• How do you present information correctly in a table or chart?
• How would you reference your text book for this course?
• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
PART 1
Submitting work that’s been researched or written by someone else.
Submitting work that you’ve submitted before (e.g. for another course).
Submitting work that relies too greatly on model answers or sample solutions provided in the course material.
Copying text without including quotation marks, a page number and a citation.
Using ideas from books, articles or websites without including a citation.
What is plagiarism?
Massey University, 2010 (See: http://tinyurl.com/masseyacademicintegrity)
Harris, 2001, p. 96.
Even if you have
permission to use the
material (e.g. it’s on an
open source website),
it is still plagiarism.
Plagiarism ≠ copyright
Another’s
words?
Another’s
idea?
No
No
No need to cite
YesQuote and cite
it – author, year,
page
Cite it –
author +
year.
Yes
Harris, 2001, p. 158
Use of Sources
Decision Chart
SUMMARISING EFFECTIVELY
PART 2
Figure 23 shows an air admittance valve that may need repositioning since these are required to “be fitted in an upright position – they may fail if they are not vertical” (BRANZ, 1999, p. 45).
The air admittance valve (fig. 23) has not been fitted vertically, as required, and is therefore at risk of failure (BRANZ, 1999).
Example Quotation
Example Summary my own words
source of ideas
source of ideas & words
How do I summarise the source
text?
Step 1. FindStep 2. HighlightStep 3. Reduce to notesStep 4: Choose citation methodStep 5. Expand notes
Step 1: Find a relevant text
The credits are summed into a total score which determines the design’s overall environmental performance. To gain a GHS certificate, the design (or recently finished building) must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120 (An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up the balance of credits required. The four environmental performance categories (along with their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good (56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These categories reflect the overall environmental competency of the developed design, with the remaining credits becoming progressively more difficult to achieve.
The Green Home Scheme
extract from Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15
Step 2: Highlight the keypoints
The credits are summed into a total scorewhich determines the design’s overall environmental performance. To gain a GHS certificate, the design (or recently finished building) must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120(An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up the balance of credits required. The four environmental performance categories (along with their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good (56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These categories reflect the overall environmental competency of the developed design, with the remaining credits becoming progressively more difficult to achieve.
The Green Home Scheme
Step 3: Reduce to note form –and put away the original
Green Homes Scheme
total score = overall environ perf
to get cert, building must get 40/120
av house gets 5 – 8 credits
4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)
Step 4: Choose your citation method
• brackets (author, year)
• According to + author (year)…
• Author (year)+ verb …
According to Harrison (1996), organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they caninteract with the external environment from a position of strength.
Organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they can interact with the external environment from a position of strength (Harrison, 1996).
According to + author (year)….
Brackets (author, year)
Author (year) + verb
claim argue
explain
point out provide evidence
suggest
Harrison (1996) argues that organisations need to address their own internal weaknesses so that they caninteract with the external environment from a position of strength.
Step 5: Expand those notes into coherent sentences that make them relevant to YOUR case
These were my notes
total score = overall environ perf
to get cert, building must get 40/120
av house gets 5 – 8 credits
4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)
The house’s overall environmental performance has been evaluated by means of a credit rating, reached by applying the criteria of the Green Homes Scheme (Hargreaves, 2005) under the guidance of an accredited assessor. At the time of writing, estimates could only be obtained for the categories marked with asterisks in Table 8 below. As the table indicates, the house would be likely to achieve the certificate, though at the lowest of the four possible bands. Although the threshold for this ‘fair’ category may seem rather low, at a mere 40/100, this still represents an environmental performance at least five times that achieved by the average home (Hargreaves, 2005). A higher band could only have been achieved through radical changes in design and materials (H. Rose, GHS assessor, personal communication, February 26, 2016).
8.2 Environmental Performance
INTRODUCTION TO APA STYLE
PART 3
When you copy a figure (e.g. a photo, drawing, chart etc), you need to put Figure, plus a number BELOW and put ‘Source’ before the citation.
Figure 1: Weightings of GHS categories (Source: Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15)
Tables are numbered (in their own sequence) and titled ABOVE
week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Contracted staff pay
8 000 6 500 9 200 5 300 8 000 11 050 10 500
Subcontracted staff pay
- 1 200 1 200 600 3 800 2 400 2 400
Materials and tool hire
12 000 12 000 6 500 6 500 4 300 8 400 9 200
Other Site expenses
2 500 1 300 1 300 1 300 1 300 2 500 2 500
Professional fees
2 600 3 600 4 200 2 400 4 200 1 600 600
Table 1
Variable Costs
• Source + citation isn’t needed in this case because the student compiled this data herself.
References
Aidee, B., & Beasy, R. M. (2001). Sound foundations. New York, NY: Nonexistent Press.
Bodger, N. (2006). Self-build do’s and don’ts. Retrieved from: http://www.madeupaddress.com/selfbuild.htm
Bulleyment, A. (2004). Plumbing and drainage guide: Revised Australasian version. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ.
Crook, G., & Slacker, R. (2006). Bach design. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunroaming Press.
Egghead, A. (2006). Computer-aided simulation in environmental impact evaluation within the construction industry. Modern Building Design, 18 (3), 273 - 284.
Hargreaves, R. (2005, May). Study report no. 135: Compendium and evaluation of building environmental impact schemes being used in Australasia. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ. Retrieved from: http://www.branz.co.nz/branzltd/publications/pdfs/SR135.pdf
Sparky, L., Chippie, B., Digger, J. C. B., & Rainey, D. (2007). The Australian constructor’s guide. Sydney, Australia: Cider Press
Format for an APA reference list
APA Interactive & Video
http://owll.massey.ac.nz
APA RESOURCES
Study Up (Online presentations)
http://tinyurl.com/studyup2016
Handy Guide to APA referencing
Download from Stream or pick up at the CTL
Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works Author: Standards New Zealand Edition: 1995 Publisher: Wellington [N.Z.]; Standards New Zealand, 1995 Notes: Series New Zealand standard; NZS 4202:1995
Referencing example
Standards New Zealand. (1995). Standard method ofmeasurement of building works. Wellington, NewZealand: Author.
The blah, blah method is only recommended for structures weighing up to 200 kg (Standards New Zealand, 1995).
CITATION
END-OF-TEXT REFERENCE
• What is plagiarism?
• When is it ok to copy something directly word for word instead of summarising it in your own words?
• What are the five steps to follow when you summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or website?
• How do you present information correctly in a table or chart?
• How would you reference your text book for this course?
• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS