Chp.16 - Evolution of Populations
Chp.16 - Evolution of Populations
16-1 Genes and Variation16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change16-3 The Process of Speciation
By: Ramtin N. & Dassel Pak
16-1 Genes and Variation16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change16-3 The Process of Speciation
By: Ramtin N. & Dassel Pak
Darwin’s IdeasDarwin’s Ideas
• 1910 Biologists began to realize that genes carry information that determines traits
• Now biologists are able to explain how evolution takes place
• 1910 Biologists began to realize that genes carry information that determines traits
• Now biologists are able to explain how evolution takes place
Dassel
Gene Pool & Relative Frequency
Gene Pool & Relative Frequency
• Gene Pool - Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
• Relative Frequency - Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool other than others
• Gene Pool - Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
• Relative Frequency - Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool other than others
Ramtin
Sources of Genetic Variation
Sources of Genetic Variation
• Mutations• Gene Shuffling
• Mutations• Gene Shuffling
Ramtin
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Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits
Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits
• Single-Gene Trait• Polygenic Trait
• Single-Gene Trait• Polygenic Trait
Dassel
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Natural SelectionNatural Selection
• Natural Selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to evolution
• Directional Selection • Stabilizing Selection• Disruptive Selection
• Natural Selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to evolution
• Directional Selection • Stabilizing Selection• Disruptive Selection
Dassel
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Genetic Drift & Genetic Equilibrium
Genetic Drift & Genetic Equilibrium
• Genetic Drift• Genetic Equilibrium - Random mating - Large population - No movement into or out of the
population - No mutations - No Natural Selection
• Genetic Drift• Genetic Equilibrium - Random mating - Large population - No movement into or out of the
population - No mutations - No Natural Selection
Ramtin
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Reproductive IsolationReproductive Isolation
• Reproductive Isolation - when the members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Behavioral Isolation • Geographic Isolation • Temporal Isolation
• Reproductive Isolation - when the members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Behavioral Isolation • Geographic Isolation • Temporal Isolation
Dassel
Speciation Speciation
• Founders arrive • Separation of populations• Changes in gene pool• Reproductive Isolation• Ecological Competition • Continued Evolution
• Founders arrive • Separation of populations• Changes in gene pool• Reproductive Isolation• Ecological Competition • Continued Evolution
Ramtin
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