All rights reserved © 2005, Alcatel, IBSI
2005 APPA Community Broadband Conference
Operating an HFC Network? How is FTTH in Your Future
Mark Klimek
Alcatel 919-850-6554
Bill Lee
IBSI 215-354-1604
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Overview
HFC Network-Bandwidth UsageFuture ServicesHFC to FTTH - Determining When to ConvertHFC to FTTH - A Case StudyTop 4 Reasons for FTTH
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HFC Network-Bandwidth Usage
80 Analog Channels (500 MHz)120-160 Digital Channels (100 MHz)High Speed Data Channels (18 MHz)Video on Demand Channels (30 MHz)High Definition Channels
8 Off Air HD Channels (48 MHz) 8 Satellite HD Channels (48 MHz)
Total Bandwidth Usage: 744 MHz
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Future Services
Voice over IPGaming (MMDS, Interactive, etc.)Network PVRSecurityDistance LearningHD VoDOther Services not yet conceived
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HFC to FTTH-Determining When to Convert?
Existing NetworkSystem SizeCustomers/SubscribersServices Offered/PlannedConstruction (Make Ready)
Upgrade Rebuild New Build
New Deployment
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HFC to FTTH-Things to Consider
Proper sizing of HFC network early on - CriticalCase Study was from Node+0, Node+1 HFC (125 HP)
6 fibers to each nodeNodes replaced by Fiber Enclosure (splitters)Split into 32 (64-GPON) home pockets Port utilizationMajority Overlash is with 24ct fiber
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Top 4 Reasons for FTTH
Future-Proof NetworkSame network for business & residential customersProtection from CompetitionAvoid Make Ready Work
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What is a Passive Optical Network (PON)?
Physical point-to-multipoint fiber connection Passive splitters split feeder fiber Multiple drops connect end users Outside plant requires no power, low maintenance PON is an end-user technology optimized for the mass scale
Glass splitter
COCustomer
Three models of PON available today: Broadband PON (BPON) Gigabit PON (GPON) Ethernet PON (EPON) (also called Gigabit Ethernet PON,
GEPON)
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Standards Comparison Overview
IEEE EPON ITU-T GPON ITU-T BPON
Downstream Line Rates (Mb/s) 1250 2488 622
Upstream Line Rates (Mb/s) 1250 1244 155
Line coding 8b/10b NRZ (+ scrambling) NRZ (+ scrambling)
Addressing capability (min) 16 64 32
Addressing capability (Max) N/A 128 64
Minimum logical reach supported by TC
0.5 m-10 km or 0.5 m-20 km
20 km 20 km
Layer 2 protocol Ethernet Ethernet over GEM ATM
TDM support TDM over Packet Native TDM or TDM
over Packet TDM over ATM
Number of traffic flows/ PON system Dep. on # of LLIDs / ONT 4096 256
OA&M and Management Eth OAM (+ optional SNMP)
PL OAM + OMCI PL OAM + OMCI
Downstream Security Not defined AES (counter mode) Churning or AES (am.2)
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Service Support With GPON
Voice Service POTS to Class 5 switch (requires voice gateway) POTS directly to softswitch (usually SIP or H.248) Via Ethernet with SIP-phone
Data Service High-speed Internet (HSI) service
– Prioritized and differentiated service capability DS-1 / DS-3 Service
– Circuit based services including “Specials”– Use TDM over Packet (CESoIP) technology
Video Service IPTV
– MPEG2/4, Ethernet transport, IGMP signaling RF video
– Analog + digital RF-based, same as CATV operation
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PON Components
Packet Optical Line Terminal (P-OLT) Located in headend / central office ATM or Ethernet switch Sources PONs (typically 40-80 PONs per OLT)
Optical Network Terminal (ONT Equipment at customer location Optimized for application and number of interfaces
Video OLT (EDFA) Video amplifier, power sized for PON outside plant Used for RF video only; same model as CATV
WDM Used to merge the data and RF video paths on fiber
Splitter Optical devices that allow multiple users to share the single
fiber
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Typical GPON Deployment
Voice, data and video (bi-directional) for up to 64 subscribers over a single fiber
Coarse WDM supports 2 or 3 wavelengths — 1490/1310/1550 nm 2.5G/ 1.2Gb/s line rate over two wavelengths – RF video is independent 20 km (12.4 mi.) span
20 km (12.4 mi.)
1,550 nm
2.5 Gb/s1,490 nm
1,310 nm
Splitters
V-OLT(EDFA)
P-OLT
ManagementSystem
Central Office or Headend
FiberDistributio
n
PassiveOutside Plant
1.2 Gb/s
RF Video
ONTs
WDM
HSI, DS-1VoiceIP Video
RF-Video Source
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Outside Plant Parameters
Will be evaluated for a PON deployment Should be taken into account in an HFC deployment if considering
PON for future Topology
Centralized vs. distributed splitting Splitter variables
Optical loss Split ratio
1:16 / 1:32 / 1:64 Distance
1-20km Optical Budget
Typically 28dBm FEC extends digital path reach RF budget varies with analog / digital channel mix, EDFA power level
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Alliance
Feeder OSP Cable From
CO / Headend
Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)
Splice Case
Splice Case
Distribution Cable
Distribution Cable
AccessTerminal
TAP- Terminal Access Point
Drop Cable
Drop Cable
ONT
ONT
FTTU Outside Plant
Similar to HFC OSP architecture
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Operational and Maintenance Costs
Maintenance costs can differ significantly between fiber and copper technologies PON is passive from the CO/headend; no nodes to maintain and power Fiber splices have longer lifetimes than copper joins No corrosion issues with fiber
Operational costs also differ GPON designed to deliver triple-play services The ONT is a very intelligent device at the user premise
– Full enable/disable control of each service– Management, measurement and statistics for operations and marketing
End-to-End management is standardized via the OMCI reducing provisioning time, allowing inter-operability, and simplifying testing
Industry estimates of the OPEX cost savings of a fiber deployment over a copper deployment range from 20% - 50% annually When factored into a business case, this is a significant saving
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HFC to PON: How to Transition?
Cap and grow: Transition from HFC to PON Complete build of areas covered by HFC nodes Begin deployment of PON in new areas Challenge: Can only offer HFC-level capabilities on higher performance PON Benefit: Do get benefits of reduced operational and maintenance expenses
Overbuild / replacement Replace existing HFC plant with PON Allows ubiquitous service offering to all customers Gains of operational and maintenance expenses Challenge will be to depreciate / payoff HFC equipment
Likely scenario is a combination of both models Retain existing HFC as long as possible Begin deployment of PON as soon as possible Overbuild high take rate or areas challenged by competition
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GPON Replacing HFC in Field
SplittersReplace
active HFC node
V-OLT(EDFA)
Could reuse if power level is appropriate
P-OLTreplaces
CMTS
ManagementSystem
ONTs
WDM
(new)
HSI, DS-1VoiceIP Video
RF-Video Source
Splices, additional splitters or
homerun fiberDistribution fiber could be reused. Need
to size it correctly
during HFC build
Drop fiber to replace coax
drops