APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY APPROACH ON ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ON THE ISSUES OF THE WEST PHILIPPINE SEA
Presentor:Prof. Sheryl R. Morales
Correspondence: Dr. Rosalie A. Corpus &Mr. Ryan B. OliverPolytechnic University of the PhilippinesNational Youth Congress 2013 of the Philippines
BACKGROUND
The issue of our claims on the West Philippine Sea is a matter of state concern. However, the role of the youth, as future inheritors and stewards of our countries natural heritage is important. Spreading awareness and civic consciousness on the inevitable effect on the marine environment and marine life in Kalayaan Island Group (KIG) is vital. Other claimants and their actions on reclaiming the islands and allegedly constructing buildings within will have great impact on our security and economic survival in the coming years.
INTRODUCTION
Stewardship is principally based on a moral principle of having solicitously mindful acts with being accountable on the planning, managing and protecting of a finite resources entrusted to one's care. Since stewardship is a position and a duty being hold to an entrusted steward, one can narrate the challenging experiences it entails.
In contextualizing the concept of stewardship, which can be correlated to the environment and nature. Environmental stewardship is a responsibility for caring God's creations.
INTRODUCTION
The researchers wish the youth participants to be engaging and responding positively and affirmatively on the current situation within the WPS. The researchers believed that sharing the positive stories and identify the life giving forces of our government, their actions on the situation would provide our youth to participate and collaborate in creating the most desired future for the community.
Theoretical FrameworkIn order to give shape to the study, the researchers used Appreciative inquiry (AI). Appreciation —Kolb (1984) states, "Appreciation is a process of affirmation. Unlike criticism, which is based on skepticism and doubts, appreciation is based on belief, trust, and conviction. And from this affirmative embrace flows a deeper fullness and richness of experience." Appreciative inquiry (AI) is both a process and a philosophy. As a process, AI has a number of steps, phases, or cycles that an AI practitioner follows in working through the process with an organization. As a philosophy, AI emphasizes collaboration and participation of all voices in the organization and approaches change as a journey rather than an event. It has a systems orientation that focuses on changing the organization rather than the people (Martinez, 2002).
Theoretical Framework
Stewardship theory (Donaldson & Davis, 1989, 1991) has its roots in psychology and sociology and was designed for researchers to examine situations in which executives (like the government officials) as stewards are motivated to act in the best interests of their principals (the people).
Theoretical FrameworkFor this study, stewardship theory will be contextualized on the Environmental Stewardship which refers to responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation and sustainable practices. Aldo Leopold (1949) championed environmental stewardship based on a land ethic "dealing with man's relation to land and to the animals and plants which grow upon it.
In Islam, humankind’s stewardship (khalifatul ardh) of the earth is not a privilege but a profound responsibility. Other living species are also considered by the Qur’an to be “peoples or communities” (ummas; Sura 6:38) and is an amanah (responsibility) entrusted to man.
Research Questions
• Research Question one (RQ1): What might be the youth's role (individual or collective effort) in helping the West Philippine Sea?
• Proposition one (P1): The youth's role is to informed the general public on the WPS issue using social media.
Research Question two (RQ2): What collaborative efforts can the youth and government work together for the WPS? Proposition two (P2): The collaborative efforts among stakeholders (youth to government) that can be done is by institutional or organization environmental projects/ programs/ activities.
Methodology
Design: Action Research (time frame June-September 2014).
According to Lewin, action research is a process that “give credence to the development of powers of reflective thought, discussion, decision and action by ordinary people participating in collective research (Adelman, 1993; Berg 2004). groups interested in improving their social situation or condition.
Today's action research represents a viable, practical strategy for social science studies requiring systematic, organized, and reflective investigations (Stringer, 1999; Berg, 2004). In present use, action research is one of the few approaches that embraces principles of participation, reflection, empowerment, and emancipation of people and
Action research targets mainly two primary tasks. First, it is intended to uncover or produce information and knowledge that will be directly useful to a group of people. Second, it is meant to enlighten and empower the average person in the group, motivating each one to take up and use the information gathered in the research (FalsBorda & Rahman, 1991; Reason, 1994; Berg, 2004).
Methodology
Setting: -Brgy. Sauyo, QC (OSY) -PUP Quezon City (ISY) -PLMar, Markina (ISY) -Brgy. Putatan, Muntinlupa City (OSY)
-Kapitan Moy, Marikina (Affirmation of the Action points)
Population: 57.60% or 530 youth participants, voluntary participation
Procedure: AI process using the 5D-Define-Discover-Dream-Design (see step by step procedure on the next slide)
-Deliver
1.First meeting with the students and outofschool youth participants is the output #1.
2.Based on output # 1, facilitator will come up with themes towards provocative proposition # 1
3.On day itself, facilitator summarizes output # 1 and shows to participants and panel proposition # 1
4.Gave the participants 20 minutes to answer or write their reflections (thoughts) on provocative proposition #1
5.Gave the key resource speakers 20 minutes to present their views on provocative proposition #1. Beforehand instruct key resource speakers to give the AI facilitator their answers in 5 statements. Take note (type these) as the speakers are talking. At the end the AI facilitators had the responses of the participants in 4 columns on the board 2 studentsacademe, 2 communitybased,
6.Ask the key resource speakers (as panels) of their reactions to provocative proposition #1.
7.While they are speaking, again cluster their replies as per # 58.facilitator summarizes provocative proposition #1 and opens the floor for
provocative proposition #2 and gives the audience 20 minutes and repeats the process.
Design Phase
ResultsThemes Definition Action Points
Theme 1.SUPPORT ACTION
Promotion of sustained institutional and organizational projects; hence, support on human and economic activities and development in West Philippine Sea.
a. join organization helping WPS. b. conduct meetings/ consultation involving the youth in the community. c. conduct seminars/ discussion/ forum regarding WPS. d. actively participate on programs concerning WPS.
ResultsThemes Definition Action Points
Theme 2.PROTECTION OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE MARINE LIFE
Promotion of sustainable utilization and conservation of natural resources and marine life in the West Philippine Sea.
a. strengthen the maritime security to ensure equal economic productivity in the region
ResultsThemes Definition Action Points
Theme 3.PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION ADVOCACY
Promotion of equal shares of economic resources in the West Philippine Sea.
a. create comprehensive and strategic approaches to policy making on WPS.
ResultsThemes Definition Action Points
Theme 4.SOCIAL AWARENESS AND PEOPLE'S INITIATIVE.
Promotion of equal observance and protection of people's right within the community in the West Philippine Sea through Social Media and Citizen' charter.
a. create website that will help spread information on WPS. b. post facts on WPS in social networking sites and government websites. c. share news on WPS through social media sites. d. increase awareness by reading and sharing information on WPS. e. moral and spiritual support through prayers and vigils.
ConclusionAn Appreciative Inquiry approach with full engagement and participation of youth within their schools and communities, can be mutually beneficial to decisionmaking bodies in the government. The Youth feel appreciated and valued for their opinion and can participate in visioning exercises and in new initiatives to improve their environment within an organization or a wider community initiative, for mutual benefit. (Barrett & Fry, 2002; Barrett & Peterson, 2000; Cooperrider, Barrett & Srivastva, 1995; Ludema,Wilmot, & Srivastva, 1997; Morsillo & Fisher, 2007). The issue of the West Philippine Sea provided positive opportunity to the youth participants and to contribute to the real world as active citizens.
Conclusion
As a conclusion, a final provocative statement as final output. Participating individual and youth organizations believed that youth can play a significant role in decision making in the community; provided they are given opportunities to come together, share and learn from each other. The youth can help identify points of engagement and develop projects that support and encourage good practices on environmental stewardship such as the West Philippine Sea.
Actual Foras
To end my discussion, I was challenged with Dr. Giron's question...allow me to share my thoughts and answer it:
“As we are recipients of knowledge (where only mankind are entitled) which the Almighty Creator bestowed to us, we
are to create knowledge in preserving, stewarding God's creation.”
References:
CNN Philippines, More islands, more fun in PH". CNN Philippines. February 20, 2016. Retrieved from http://cnnphilippines.com/ videos/2016/02/20/Moreislands morefuninPH.html
Pitlo III, Lucio Blanco (8 October, 2013) The Philippines and the West Philippine Sea: Manila claims only part of the South China Sea, but the area it does claim is a core national interest. Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/2013/10/thephilippinesand thewestphilippinesea/
The West Philippine Sea.The Territorial and Jurisdiction Disputes from a Filipino Perspective, A Primer. (The Asian Center and Institute for Maritime Affairs and Law of the Sea, University of the Philippines, July 15, 2013). Retrieved from http://philippinesintheworld.org/sites/default/files?FINAL_
West%20Phil%20Sea%20Primer_UP%20%2815%20July %202013%29.pdf
The 2010 National Youth Study Assessment: The Situation from the Perspective of the Youth. National Youth Commission of the Philippines.
Mohr, B.J. & Watkins, J.M. (2002). The Essentials of Appreciative Inquiry: A Roadmap for Creating Positive Futures. Innovations in Management Series, Pegasus Communications, Waltham, Mass.
Troxel, James P. (2002). Appreciative Inquiry: An Action Research Method for Organizational Transformation and its Implications to the Practice of Group Process Facilitation.
Martinez, Charles, F (September,2002). Appreciative Inquiry As An Organizational Development Tool. Retrieved from https://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/uploads/AI%20as%20OD %20ToolMartinetz.pdf
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1989). CEO Governance And Shareholder Returns. Agency Theory Or Stewardship Theory. Paper Presented At The Annual Meeting Of The Academy Of Management. Washington, Dc.
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship Theory Or Agency Theory: Ceo Governance And Shareholders Returns. Australian Journal Of Management. 16: 4964.
Leopold, Aldo. (1949). A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press, New York.
References:A Whole Of A Nation’s Support On West Philippine Sea: A Call For Action. NYCongress of the Philippines 2013 (2014). A White paper released by the
NYCongress. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/12113093/A_WHOLE_OF_A_NATION_S_SUPPORT_ON_WEST_PHILIPPINE_SEA_A_CALL_FORACTION
Roethlisberger, F.J. & Dickson, W. J. (1939) Management and the Worker. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2226267?seq=1#page_scan _tab_contents
Coch, L. & French, J.R.P. (1948) Overcoming Resistance To Change. Human Relations, 1:4, 512 532. Retrieved from ‐http://hum.sagepub.com/content/1/4/512.short? rss=1&ssource=mfr
Gergen, K.J. & Thatchenkery, T.J. (1996) Organization Science As Social Construction: Postmodern Potentials. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32:4, 356 377.‐
Thatchenkery, T.J. (1994) Hermeneutic Processes In Organizations: A Study In Relationships Between Observers And Those Observed. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department Of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University.
Beecher H K (1955) The powerful placebo. Journal of the American Medical Association. 159:16026
White L, Tursky B, and Schwartz G. E. (1985) In: White L, Tursky B, and Schwartz G E, eds. Placebo: Theory, Research and Mechanisms. The Guildford Press, New York: 38
Robert, Allan H. (1993). The Power Of Nonspecific Effects In Healing: Implications For Psychosocial And Biological Treatments. Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 13, 375391. Retrieved from https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/ handle/2027.42/31080/0000757.pdf?sequence=1
Shuayb, M., Sharp, C., Judkins, M. and Hetherington M. (2009). Using Appreciative Inquiry in Educational Research: Possibilities and Limitations. Report. Slough: NFER.
Retrieved from http://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/AEN01/
Reicher, Shira R. (01 August, 2014). Teaching Beautiful Questions: Using Literature to Teach Youth Appreciative Inquiry (AI). A capstone project in Master of Applied Positive Psychology University of Pennsylvania.
Morsillo, Julie & Fisher, Adrian. (May, 2007). Appreciative Inquiry With Youth To Create Meaningful Community Projects. The Australian Community Psychologist. Volume 19. No 1.
Retrieved from https://groups.psychology.org.au/Assets/ Files/Morsillo_19%281%29.pdf
Lewis, Barbara E. (December. 2007). Appreciative Inquiry as Community Engagement. International Association for Public Participation. Retrieved from http://www.iap2.org.au/
sitebuilder/resources/knowledge/files/930/07december_participationquarterly.pdf