APPROACHES, METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN EDUKASYON SA PAGPAPAKATAO

The K-12 Curriculum Guide identifies

ethical decision making (pagpapasyang etikal) as the main teaching approach in the teaching of Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao. The Curriculum Guide further explains: “Ang paggawa ng pagpapasyang etikal o moral ay ang pagbuo ng pasiya na may preperensya sa kabutihan at magpapatingkad o maglilinang ng pagkatao ng tao.

APPROACHES IN TEACHING EsP

Proseso ito na kinapapalooban ng (a) pagalam ng mga detalye sa sitwasyon at (b) maingat na pagsasaalang-alang ng mga moral na pagpapahalaga ma mahalaga sa isang sitwasyon sa pang-araw-araw na buhay at ang kamalayan sa mga tao o pangkat na maaapektuhan ng pasya.”

APPROACHES IN TEACHING EsP

1. VALUES INCULCATION2. MORAL DEVELOPMENT

APPROACH3. ANALYSIS APPROACH4. VALUE CLARIFICATION5. ACTION LEARNING6. EMOTIONAL-RATIONAL

APPROACH

SIX MORE DIFFERENT APPRAOCH IN TEACHING ESP IN THE CLASSROOM

Teaching methods under values inculcation

approach include explanation, positive, negative reinforcement and modeling. Teachers often simply tell students what they should believe in and how they should behave. They praise students when they behave and punish them when they don’t. These methods can be used separately or in combination.

VALUES INCULCTION APPROACH

The most popular method under this

approach is the moral dilemma. It may be presented through activities like role-playing and skit. The focus of moral dilemmas is on the moral reasoning not the choice of the students to determine their moral developmental stage based on Kohlberg’s Theory.

MORAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

Valuing is guided not by the dictates of the heart and conscience but by rules and procedure of logic. This is usually applied in public policy or social values rather than issues involving personal values. This approach makes use of problem analysis and decision-making methods. Using these activities, students identify the key concepts of the dispute, recognize values, identify relevant facts, arrange alternatives and predict consequences.

ANALYSIS APPROACH

Helps students clarify and actualize values.Here are the seven-fold outline of the process of valuing:1. Choosing from alternatives;2. Choosing after careful consideration of the

consequences of each alternatives;3. Choosing freely;

VALUE CLARIFICATION APPROACH

4. Prizing, being glad of one’s choice;5. Prizing, being willing to affirm publicly one’s

choice;6. Acting upon one’s choice, incorporating choices

into behavior and7. Acting upon one’s choice repeatedly, overtime.

VALUE CLARIFICATION APPROACH

This develops students’

abilities to act directly in personal and social situations that express their personal values.

ACTION LEARNING APPROACH

Attempts to help students

understand and adopt a lifestyle based on care and consideration for others as well as self (Kupchenko).

EMOTIONAL-RATIONAL APPROACH

METHODS INCLUDE:1. Expressive and communication techniques such us

speaking, writing prose, poetry and plays, painting, modeling with clay, and photography;

2. Discussion techniques, such as small group and entire class discussions;

3. Drama techniques with students writing and acting in their own plays;

4. Role playing based on situations common to students’ experience;

5. Simulations involving family, school, or community problems; and

6. Real life involvement such us helping individuals within the community.