April 2, 2008 A.N.Sissakian, A.S.Sorin 1
Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchJoint Institute for Nuclear Research
International Intergovernmental OrganizationInternational Intergovernmental Organization
The The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility ( (NICANICA))Project at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna) Project at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna)
A.N. Sissakian, A.S. Sorin
International Workshop on hadron structure and spectroscopyTorino, March 31 – April 2, 2008
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I. The I. The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA): historical view, motivation and characteristics
II. Physics of relativistic heavy ion collision (MPD)
III. Spin physics (SPD)
IV. Applied researches
The NICA Project and Research ProgramThe NICA Project and Research Program
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JINR NUCLOTRONProject parameters: maximum energy
5 GeV/nucl. for nuclei with А ~ 200.
I. NICA: historical view, motivation and characteristics
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Proposal for an International Accelerator Facilityfor Research with Heavy Ions and Antiprotons,http://www.gsi.de/documents/DOC-2004-Mar-196-2.pdf
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Round Table DiscussionsRound Table Discussion I.Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter at the JINR Nuclotron July 7 - 9, 2005 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2005/roundtable/
Round Table Discussion IISearching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter at the JINR Nuclotron: Nuclotron facility development JINR, Dubna, October 6-7, 2006 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2006/roundtable/
Round Table Discussion IIISearching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting QCD matter at the NICA/MPD JINR (Dubna), summer 2008http://nica.jinr.ru
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NICA
T
NB
A.N.SissakianA.S.SorinM.K.SuleymanovV.D.ToneevG.M.Zinovjevnucl-ex/0511018 nucl-ex/0601034nucl-th/0608032
Round Table Discussion
Dubna, July 7-9, 2005 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2005/roundtable/
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RHIC, SPS, NICA, FAIR
April 2, 2008 A.N.Sissakian, A.S.Sorin 11http://nica.jinr.ru
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MPD
The NICA complex allocation
SPD?
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NICA complex parameters
Circumference m 225
Number of collision points 2
Beta function in the collision point
m 0.5
Rms momentum spread 0.001
Rms bunch length m 0.3
Number of ions in the bunch 109
Number of bunches 15
Incoherent tune shift 0.05
Rms beam emittance at 1 GeV/u / at 3.5 GeV/u mm mrad
3.8 /0.26
Luminosity per one interaction point at 1 GeV/u
at 3.5 GeV/u
cm-2s-1 6.61025
1.11027
SPD
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Scheme of the NICA compex
Booster (30 Tm)2(3?) single-turn
injections, storage of 3.2×109,
acceleration up to 50 MeV/u,
electron cooling,acceleration
up to 400 MeV/u
Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one
bunch of 1.1×109 ions,
acceleration up to 3.5 GeV/u max.
Collider (45 Tm)Storage of
15 bunches 1109 ions per ring at 3.5 GeV/u,
electron and/or stochastic cooling
Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 238U32+ at energy 6 MeV/u
IP-1 IP-2
Stripping (40%) 238U32+ 238U92+
Two superconducting
collider rings
2х15 injection
cycles
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30 injection cycles of 1109 ions 238U92+
per cycle
2 cyclesof injection,
electroncooling (?)
electroncooling
238U32+
stripping to
238U92+
2 x 1.51010 ions
of 238U92+
Scheme of the NICA compex
Time Table of The Storage Process
3.5 GeV/u
400 MeV/u
100(50?) MeV/u 6 MeV/u
470 keV/u
25 keV/u 2s 0.4s 2s 3s 4.5s 135 s
KRION RFQ RFQ DTL Booster Nuclotron Collider
Eion/A
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Colliding beams parameters
1. Circumference, m 225
2. *, m 0.5
3. p/p (one ) 110-3
4. Bunch length (), m 0.3
5. Beam emittance (), mmmrad
0.26
6. Bunch intensity (1-2)109
7. Bunch number per ring 15
8.Average luminosity for
UU (pp),3.5 (12) GeV/u, cm-
2s-1
1.11027
(~1030)
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• Stage 1: years 2007 – 2009- Upgrate and Development of the Nuclotron facility
- Preparation of Technical Design Report of the NICA and MPD
- Start prototyping of the MPD and NICA elements
• Stage 2: years 2008 – 2012
- Design and Construction of NICA and MPD
• Stage 3: years 2010 – 2013
- Assembling
• Stage 4: year 2014
- Commissioning
The NICA Project Milestones
http://nica.jinr.ruRound Table Discussion III, Dubna, Summer, 2008
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II. Physics of relativistic heavy ion collisions
NICA/MPD physics program of heavy ion collisions:
1. Heavy ion beams in wide energy range:
2. Possibility to perform atomic number and centrality scan
3. Two intersection points for detectors with large energy-independent acceptance
GeV92 As
4. High luminosity L=1027 см-2с-1
4
SPD
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NICA s = 9AGeVs = 9AGeV
Maximal baryonic densities on freeze-out curve! р High densities on interaction stage!?
J.Randrup, J.Cleymans, 2006
High baryonic densities
energy in cms
energy in lab. frame
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NICA/MPD aims and physics problems
Study of in-medium properties of hadrons and nuclear matter equation of state, including a search for possible signs ofdeconfinement and/or chiral symmetry restoration phase transitions and
QCD critical endpoint
Experimental observables:First Stage:
Scanning in beam energy and centrality of excitation functions for ♣ Multiplicity and global characteristics of identified hadrons
including multi-strange particles♣ Fluctuations in multiplicity and transverse momenta
♣ Directed and elliptic flows for various indentified hadrons♣ HBT and particle correlations
Second stage:♣ Dileptons and direct photons
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What to measure
♣ Multistrange hyperons. The yields, spectra and collective flows of (multi) strange hyperons are expected to provide information on the early and dense phase of the collision. Therefore, these particles are promising probes of the nuclear matter equation-of-state at high baryon density.
♣ Event-by-event fluctuations. The hadron yields and their momenta should be analyzed event-wise in order to search for nonstatistical fluctuations which are predicted to occur in the vicinity of the critical endpoint and when penetrating the coexistence phase of the first order deconfinement phase transition.
♣ HBT correlations. Measurement of short range correlations between hadrons π, K, p, Λ allows one to estimate the space-time size of a system formed in nucleus-nucleus interactions. Along with the increase of fluctuations, the spatial size of the system is expected to be getting smaller near the deconfinement phase transition due to softening of the equation of state (the “softest point” effect).
♣ Penetrating probes. Measurements of dilepton pairs permit to investigate the in-medium spectral functions of low-mass vector mesons which are expected to be modified due to effects of chiral symmetry restoration in dense and hot matter. Specific properties of the σ meson, the order parameter of chiral symmetry restoration, may be in principle detected near the phase boundary via particular channel of σ-decay into dileptons or correlated γγ-pairs.
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MPD conceptual design
Inner Tracker (IT) - silicon strip detector / micromegas for tracking close to the interaction region.
Barrel Tracker (BT) - TPC + Straw (for tagging) for tracking & precise momentum measurement in the region -1 < < 1
End Cap Tracker (ECT) - Straw (radial)for tracking & p-measurement at | | > 1
Time of Flight (TOF) - RPC (+ start/stop sys.) to measure Time of Flight for charged particle identification.
Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) for 0 reconstruction & electron/positron identification.
Beam-Beam Counters (BBC) to define centrality (& interaction point).
Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) for centrality definition.
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MPD basic geometry
limited by collider optics
preliminary
Defined as a compromise between:-TOF requirement-tracker resolution
- magnetic field formation - the cost
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MPD towards 4 acceptance
to cover a wide pseudorapidity range
TPC ECT ECT
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Experimental programms
Facility SPS RHIC NICA SIS-300Detector NA61 STAR
PHENIX
BRAHMS
MPD CBM
Start (year) 2010 2010 2013 2015Energy (for Pb-ions)
A GeV
4.9-17.3 4.9-50 ≤ 9 ≤ 8.5
Event rate
(for 8 AGeV)
100 Hz ~10 Hz ≤ 10 KHz ≤ 10 MHz
Acceptance 0<<4
<2
different
acceptances
-2.5<<2.5
= 2
0<<4
<2
Physics CP,OD CP,OD CP,OD,HDM CP,OD,HDM
CP – critical endpoint
OD – onset of deconfinement
HDM – hadronic dense matter
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Science
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, NASUk
Nuclear Physics Institute of MSU, RF
Institute of Apllied Physics, Academy of Science Moldova
Open for extension …
MPD – Collaboration
A consortium involving GSI, JINR & other centers for IT module development & production is at the organizational stage
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III. On the Spin Program at NICA
0.12 0.17
Spin Nucleon Structure
EMC, 1987
1 1
2 2Nz g qS u u d d s s G L L
q G
qgL
qLv
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On the Spin Program at NICA
NICA provides unique possibilities for the spin program:
1. High energy proton and deuteron beams
2. High luminosity ( > 10 30 см-2с-1)
3. Transversely and longitudinally polarized proton and deuteron beams with high polarization degree (> 50% )
4. Spin rotation
5. Precise beam polarization measurements
6. 4 geometry detector
SPD
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On the Spin Program at NICA
First stage: 1. Studies of Drell-Yan (DY) processes with polarized p and D beams. Extraction of unknown (poor known) parton distribution functions (PDFs):
- : Boer-Mulders PDF (NA10, E615, E886)
- : Sivers PDFs (Efremov,… PLB 612 (2005), PRD 73(2006));
transversity and Boer-Mulders PFDs (Sissakian, Shevchenko, Nagaytsev,PRD 72 (2005),
EPJ C46 (2006))
- : transversity;
- : longitudinally polarized sea and strange PDFs and tenzor deuteron structure (Teryaev, …)
2.The same PDFs from J/ production processes with the decay to e+e- pairs ( ). Studies of all possible quarkoniums with decay to e+e- pairs in collisions of polarized protons and deutrons .
*( ) ( )p D p D X e e X
*( ) ( )p D p D X e e X
*( ) ( )p D p D X e e X *( ) ( )p D p D X e e X
10s GeV
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On the Spin Program at NICA
Experiment Status Remarks
E615 Finished Only unpolarized DY
NA10 Finished Only unpolarized DY
E886 Running Only unpolarized DY
RHIC Running Detector upgrade for DY measurements (collider)
PAX Plan > 2016 Problem with polarization (collider)
COMPASS Plan > 2010 Only valence PDFs
J-PARC Plan > 2011 low s (60-100 GeV2), only unpolarized proton beam
SPASCHARM
NICA
Plan?
Plan 2014
s ~ 140 GeV2 for unpolarized proton beam
s ~ 670 GeV2 for polarized proton beams, high luminosity (collider)
p
Experiments on DY measurements
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On the Spin Program at NICA
Preliminary estimations of the Drell-Yan processes feasibility(first stage)
DY cross sections (nb) in comparison with PAX (GSI,FAIR) and possibility to increase the statistics (month of data taking)
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On the Spin Program at NICA
Preliminary estimations of J/ statistics in comparison with Drell-Yan statistics
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On the Spin Program at NICA
Preliminary scheme ot the experimental set-upfor DY measurements (first stage)
Main parts of the detector (preliminarily):
- Silicon or MicroMega (inner tracking)
- Drift chambers or straw (for tracking)
- Cherenkov counter (for PID and trigger)
- EM calorimeter
- Trigger counters
- EndCap detectors
Similarily to the PAX set-up (hep-ex/0505054)
Important advantages of the detector :
1) 4 geometry – increase of DY statistics
2) Minimal X0 – effective detection of e+e- pairs
3) Good angular resolution – very important for azimuthal spin asymmetries measurements in the wide kinematical region
The detector would be upgraded for the second stage of measurements:
PID, tracking, calorimetry
Set-up for muon pairs detection is also under consideration
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On the Spin Program at NICA
Second stage (upgraded experimental set-up):
1. Spin effects in baryon and meson productions. - Single and double asymmetries in:
2. Studies of spin effects in various exclusive reactions 3. Diffractive processes studies
4. Cross sections and double spin asymmetries in elastic reactions (full set of helicity amplitudes, Krisch effect, …).
5. Spectroscopy of quarkoniums with any available decay modes.
( ) ( ) 0,( ) ( ) ( )p D p D X D ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )p D p D X baryons mesons
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Booster-sinhrotron appliction to nanostructures creations:
IV.Applied researches on NICA
Booster
Electron cooling system
Design and parameters of booster, including wide accessible energy range, possibility of the electron cooling, allow to form dense and sharp ion beams. System of slow extraction provides slow, prolongated in time ion extraction to the target with space scanning of ions on the target surface and guaranty high controllability of experimental conditions.
Ion tracks in a polymer matrix (GSI, Darmstadt)
Ion-track technologies:
Topography and current of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film.The 50 nm thick DLC film was irradiated with 1 GeV Uranium ions.
Production of nanowires, filters, nanotransistors, ...
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A.Efremov, V.Kekelidze, I.Meshkov,
G. Musulmanbekov, A.Nagaytsev,
О.Rogachevsky, I.Savin,
O.Shevchenko, V.Skokov,
O.Teryaev, V.Toneev,
NICA/MPD (SPD) working group
Acknowledgements
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Thank you for attention!
Welcome to the
collaboration!