Introduction to ASP.NETWeek 11, day1
ASPActive Server Pages
ASP.NET is a server side scripting language
.NET overview.NET is a framework for developing web-based andwindows-based applications within the Microsoftenvironment. Components of .NETMICROSOFT Intermediate language - all code iscomplied into a more abstract, trimmed version beforeexecution. All .NET languages are compiled to MSIL the common language of .NET
The CLR- common language runtime; responsible forexecuting MSIL code; interfaces to Windows and IIS
A rich set of libraries (Framework Class Libraries) available to all .NET languages
Components of .NET (Continuation)The .NET languages such as C#, VB.NET etc that conform to CLR
ASP.NET is how the Framework is exposed to the web, using IIS (internet information system) to manage simple pages of code so that they can be complied into full .NET programs. These generate HTML for the browser (when the page is requested by a client browser).
Generate HTML
Get index.aspx13
4
pass index.aspx to .netframework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in interpreted HTMl form
Browser
2Get index.aspx from hard disk
How IIS takes requests and processes it
.NET
Scripting Languages
A script is a collection of program or sequence of instructions that is
interpreted or carried out by another program rather than by the computer
processor. Two types of scripting languages are
Client-side Scripting Language
Server-side Scripting Language
In server-side scripting, (such as PHP, ASP) the script is processed by the
server Like: Apache, ColdFusion, ISAPI and Microsoft's IIS on Windows.
Client-side scripting such as JavaScript runs on the web browser.
Generate HTML
Get index.aspx13
4
pass index.aspx to .netframework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in interpreted HTMl form
Browser
2Get index.aspx from hard disk
How IIS takes requests and processes it
.NET
ASP.NET is a server side scripting language because the
code runs on the server and returns the result in html form
to the client browser
Generate HTML
Get index.aspx13
4
pass index.aspx to .netframework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in interpreted HTMl form
Browser
2Get index.aspx from hard disk
How IIS takes requests and processes it
.NET
Client side scripting is something where code runs on client
side(browser). For eg checking whether a HTML text field contains data or not can be done by running
a script from browser itself
Microsoft Visual StudioMicrosoft Visual Studio is an IDE (Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment) on which .net applications can be createdeasily.
It is a powerful tool that can expose the features of the.net framework to make the developers work easier
Applications can be run from within the IDE and hasinbuilt compiler and debugger (no need to install thirdparty servers like WAMP, XAMPP etc. to run the applicationas in case of PHP)
It exposes a rich design based interface to manage anyaspect of a .net project from design to deployment
Creating an asp.net page
Create a new asp.net website projectGo to start > all programs > microsoft visual studio 2008 (or whatever version
you have installed)
Create a new asp.net website project
Click on file > new web site
Create a new asp.net website project(for C# select the language as Visual C#)
Create a new asp.net website project
Create a new asp.net website project
Create a new asp.net website project
Create a new asp.net website project
Create a new asp.net website project Double click on the button control you just created
Create a new asp.net website project You can also add handlers for other events of the button
Adding connection string to the web.config file
Adding a new item to the project
Adding a new item to the project
Running the project
Getting started with ASP.NET programming
.Net Controls, Events and Event handlers
.net Controls There are no. of controls those are available in the toolbox inside visual
studio. Eg. Button, textbox, dropdownlist etc.
Each control represents a class extended fromthe System.Web.UI.WebControls class
Each control has events, properties and methods associated with it
Each control in an aspx page is identified by a unique id, no two controlson the same page can share an id
Events Events happen when the user does some sort of action on a control eg.
Click for a button, changing the text for a textbox etc.
Event Handlers Event handlers are code blocks that will be executed when events are
raised
.Net Controls, Events and Event handlers (continuation)
In plain words an event handler for the click of a button that has an idbtn_a will tell the server like
Do this on the click of btn_a
There are no. of event handlers associated with each type of .net control
Custom event handlers can also be registered for certain controls.
Commenting
// comment single line
/* comment
multiple lines */
C#
//comment single line
/* Comment
multiple Lines*/
VB.NET
comment single line
/* Comment
multiple Lines*/
C ASP.NET
Data Types
Data types
ASP.NET supports many different data types such as
o Integer
o String
o Double
o Boolean
o Datetime
o Arrays
Type Casting
Response.write ((0.1 + 0.7) * 10); //Outputs 8
Response.write ([cint] ((0.1 + 0.7) * 10)); //Outputs 7
This happens because the result of this simple arithmetic
expression is stored internally as 7.999999 instead of 8; when the
value is converted to integer, ASP.NET simply truncates away the
fractional part, resulting in a rather significant error (12.5%, to be
exact).
Variables
Declaring a variable
//Declaring a variable
Int a=10;
Char c=a;
Float f=1.12;
C#
String a; //variable without initialisation
String a = Hello; //variable with
initialisation
VB.NET
Dim a as string //variable without
initialisation
dim a as string = Hello //variable with
initialisation
C ASP.NET
Variables
Variables are temporary storage containers.
In ASP.NET, a variable can contain any type of data, such as, for example,
strings, integers, floating numbers, objects and arrays provided the variable
must be declared in that datatype.
As in case of PHP which is loosely typed, ASP.NET will not implicitly
change the type of a variable as needed. ASP.NET languages are strongly
typed, like C and Java, where variables can only contain one type of data
throughout their existence.
Constants
Declaring a constant
//Declaring a constant using const
const int a=10;
int const a=10;
//Declaring a constant using #define
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define NAME_SIZE 20
C#
Const String a = Hello;
VB.NET
const a as string = Hello
C ASP.NET
Constants
Conversely to variables, constants are meant for defining immutable values.
Compile-time and Run-time ConstantsA compile-time constant is computed at the time the code is compiled, while a run-time constant can only be computed while the application is running. A compile-time constant will have the same value each time an application runs, while a run-time constant may change each time.
Control structures
Control Structures
Conditional Control Structures
If
If else
Switch
Loops
For
While
Do while
Other
Break
Continue
Exactly the same as on left side
+
return
go to
C ASP.NET
functions
Functions
Int findSum(int a,int b)
{
Int c;
c=a+b;
Return c
}
findSum(10,15);
function findSum(byVal a as
integer,byVal b as integer)
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
Return c
End function
Dim d as integer = findSum(10,15)
Response.write(d) output : 25
C ASP.NET (vb.net example)
Functions
public int findSum(int a, int b) {
int c;
c = (a + b);
return c;
}
private int d = findSum(10, 15);
Response.write(d); //output : 25
ASP.NET (C# example)
Function arguments
You can define any number of arguments to an ASP.NET function.
Arguments can be passed by reference(byRef) or by value (byValue)
o byRef - When an argument is passed by reference, the called procedure can change the value of the variable. The change persists after the procedure is called
o byValue - When an argument is passed by value, any changes that the called procedure makes to the value of the variable do not persist after the procedure is called.
Function return type The function return type can also be defined in the function
declaration VB.net
Function findSum(byval a as integer, byval b as integer) as integer
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
Return c
End function
C#
public int findSum(int a, int b) {int c;c = (a + b);return c;
}
Function return type A function without a return value is called as a sub routine
and is defined as follows in ASP.NET Vb.net
private sub findSum(byval a as integer, byval b as integer)
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
End sub
C#
Protected void findSum(int a, int b)
{
int c;
c=a+b;
}
Strings
Char a*+=Baabtra;
Printf(Hello %s,a);
Dim a as string =Baabtra
Response.write( Hello + a) //Output:
Hello baabtra
Response.write( Hello + a) //Output:
Hello + a
Strings will be continued in coming
chapters
C ASP.NET
Arrays
Indexed Array
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
for(i=0;i
Operators
Operators
C
Arithmetic Operators
+, ++, -, --, *, /, %
Comparison Operators
==, !=, ===, !==, >, >=, < ,
Comparison operators
Operator description Example Result
= Equal to 3 = 4 false
< Less than 4 < 3 false
> Greater than 4 > 3 true
= 5 false
/ != Not equal to 4 3 / 4 != 3 true
Logical operators
Operator description Example Result
And / && Both Must be TRUE True And False false
Or / || One Must be TRUE True Or False true
Not / ! Flips Truth Value Not true false
String operators
Operator description Example Result
& / +String Concatenation string4 = Hello" & " world"
string4 = Hello world"
Bitwise operators allow you to manipulate bits of data. All these operators are designed to work only on integer numberstherefore, the interpreter will attempt to convert their operands to integers before executing them.
Bitwise Operators
AND Bitwise AND. The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set if they are set in both operands, and unset otherwise.
OR Bitwise OR. The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set if they are set in either operand (or both), and unset otherwise.
XOR Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR). The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set if they are set in either operand, and unset otherwise.
NOT Bitwise NOT. inverts each bit in a sequence of bits. A 0 becomes a 1, and a 1 becomes a 0.
> Bitwise right shift. This operation shifts the left-hand operands bits to the right by a number of positions equal to the right operand, inserting unset bits in the shifted positions.
End of day 1
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