Basic Car Maintenance (preventive )
OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the module, participants should be
able to:
1. Understand the reasons for applying preventive maintenance.
2. Identify Tools & Equipment needed. 3. Understand the essential operating systems within a car.
4. Identify basic car components. 5. Procedures in checking car parts. 6. Understand basic car maintenance and perform basic checks.
7. Useful tips to reduce maintenance cost.
2 TongKK
• Knowledge (pengetahuan)
(learning to know)
• Skills (kemahiran)
(learning to do)
TongKK 3
Reports from Tribunal Tuntutan Pengguna. In 2007 and 2008
Antara masalah pengguna yang dikenal pasti ialah.
1. Mutu pembaikan yang rendah.
2. Alat gantai yang digunakan tidak berkualiti.
3. Melakukan pembaikan melebihi daripada yang diminta.
4. Bayaran mahal.
5. Lambat.
TongKK 4
• Mempunyai pengetahuan teknikal tentang pembaikan kenderaan bermotor
• majoritinya (70.5%) menyatakan mereka mempunyai pengetahuan yang sedikit.
• 20.5% menyatakan mereka tidak mempunyai pentahuan langsung.
• Hanya 9 % mempunyai pengetahuan. (June 2010, Malaysian Journal of Consumer, Pg. 3).
TongKK 5
• 51.5% - menghantar kenderaan mereka setiap 5,000 km.
• 25% - setiap 10,000 km.
• 23.5% - mengikut keperluan iaitu apabila mengalami kerosakan.
TongKK 6
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT
7 TongKK
8 TongKK
• Sockets
• Combination wrenches
• Pliers
• Screwdrivers (slotted & Phillips)
• Ratchet handle
• Extension bars
• Spark plug socket
• Ring spanner
9 TongKK
Sockets, Ratchet handle
Extension bars
10 TongKK
Combination wrenches
11 TongKK
Screwdrivers (slotted & Phillips)
12 TongKK
open spanner
13 TongKK
Ring spanner
14 TongKK
Pliers
15 TongKK
adjustable wrench
16 TongKK
hammer
17 TongKK
Spark plug socket
18 TongKK
tyre pressure gauge
19 TongKK
oil filter wrench
20 TongKK
Pipe or Jack Handle
21 TongKK
Jack
22 TongKK
23 TongKK
24 TongKK
oil container
25 TongKK
OIL PAN & DRAIN PLUG
26 TongKK
funnel
27 TongKK
hand gloves
28 TongKK
Rags
29 TongKK
Cap
TongKK 30
apron
31 TongKK
Mat or card board
32 TongKK
service creeper
33 TongKK
Shoes
TongKK 34
Over maintenance
&
Under maintenance
TongKK 35
TongKK 36
• There are three types of maintenance on your car:
• Check your car. • Adjust your car. • Replace fluids and parts.
The first letters of these three maintenance
procedures can be remembered as the acronym C-A-R.
• Keep your vehicle properly tuned. Regular vehicle maintenance can improve fuel mileage by an average of 4.1% 37 TongKK
• Car maintenance should be performed on a regular basis:
• Fluids should be checked about every week.
• Adjustments should be made about every six months.
• Fluids and parts should be replaced every year or two.
38 TongKK
Purpose of Periodic Maintenance
39 TongKK
40 TongKK
TongKK 41
• 16-point inspection (RM30 value) - Engine oil - Brake fluid - Coolant levels - Battery - Lights - Tyres - Air filter - Fan belt - Automatic transmission fluid - Wiper blades - Power steering fluid - Windshield wash fluid - Absorber - Brake pad - Drive shaft - Tyre pressure
TongKK 42
1.Understand the essential operating systems within a car.
2. Identify basic car components.
43 TongKK
Vehicle Description
44 TongKK
Engine (enjin)
45 TongKK
• Energy is obtained from the combustion of gasoline, the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water. The combustion of octane follows this reaction:
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
TongKK 46
Cooling & Heater System (Sistem penyejukan & Pemanas)
47 TongKK
Drive train
48 TongKK
TongKK 49
Suspension(penggantungan)
Physically supports the axles to ensure a better ride. Front suspension Rear suspension
50 TongKK
Steering
Changes the direction of travel of the vehicle
51 TongKK
Brakes (Brek)
Decelerate or stop the vehicle. Foot brakes Parking brakes
52 TongKK
Tires & Disc Wheels
Support the vehicle through contact with the road surface
53 TongKK
Body electrical
54 TongKK
Air Conditioner
55 TongKK
Every Seven Days or Once a Week— Whichever Comes First
• Brake Fluid Anti-lock Brake Reservoir • Clutch Fluid (5-M/T Only) • Automatic Transmission Fluid Dipstick • Engine Oil Fill Cap • Power Steering Fluid • Washer Fluid • Coolant Reservoir • Engine Oil Dipstick • Tyre pressure
56 TongKK
Location of car components
57 TongKK
58 TongKK
59 TongKK
60 TongKK
Power Steering Fluid
61 TongKK
62 TongKK
63 TongKK
• Check your air filter for clogs.
• Replacing a clogged air filter can improve a vehicle's fuel mileage by as much as 10%.
TongKK 64
Coolant Reservoir
65 TongKK
Engine Oil Dipstick
66 TongKK
67 TongKK
ATF CONDTION
68 TongKK
69 TongKK
ATF LEVEL
70 TongKK
Brake Fluid Brake Reservoir
71 TongKK
72 TongKK
• The brake fluid flush is one of the most frequently overlooked vehicle maintenance services.
• Brake fluids are hygroscopic (water absorbing), which means they absorb moisture from the atmosphere under normal humidity levels.
• Brake fluid is toxic and combustible and can damage painted surfaces.
• If the brake fluid gets too hot and boils it effectively puts air in the lines and will lead to brake failure.
TongKK 73
Boiling point ranges
• Dry boiling point Wet boiling point
• DOT 3 205 °C (401 °F) 140 °C (284 °F)
• DOT 4 230 °C (446 °F) 155 °C (311 °F)
• DOT 5 260 °C (500 °F) 180 °C (356 °F)
• DOT 5.1 270 °C (518 °F) 190 °C (374 °F)
TongKK 74
Oil Filter
75 TongKK
TongKK 76
TongKK 77
Battery
78 TongKK
TongKK 79
Electrolyte level
80 TongKK
Battery water
81 TongKK
air filter
82 TongKK
TongKK 83
TongKK 84
fuel filter
85 TongKK
TongKK 86
wiper blades
87 TongKK
brake pads
88 TongKK
brake shoes
89 TongKK
fan (V)belt
90 TongKK
TongKK 91
timing belt
92 TongKK
The Least You Need to Know • Check your car’s oil level on the engine dipstick and add
oil as needed. • Check your car’s coolant level by removing the coolant
cap and add coolant if the level is low. • Check your car’s windshield washer fluid level by
removing the reservoir cap and add fluid as necessary. • Check your car’s power steering fluid level, if any, by
removing the power steering reservoir cap and visually inspecting the dipstick, adding new fluid if needed.
• Check your car’s brake (and clutch, if applicable) fluid level as recommended by the manufacturer.
• Check your car’s tire pressure using a pressure gauge, adding air if it is lower than recommended by the manufacturer.
93 TongKK
Tyre safety
94 TongKK
Male or Female ?
TongKK 95
Tires are Male
TongKK 96
Because they go bold easily and are often over
inflated .
Bolt & Nut
97 TongKK
98 TongKK
99 TongKK
A BIG JOB FOR A SMALL SURFACE
• The part of your tyre that is actually in contact with the road is only about the size of a man’s hand.
• Your safety, comfort and fuel economy depends on that very small surface.
• It’s important because your tyres: Are the only link between your vehicle and the road
100 TongKK
• Carry the entire weight of your car, a load of up to 50 times their own weight
• Respond to driving inputs such as steering, acceleration and braking from the car to the road surface
• Absorb every obstacle on the road
TongKK 101
TongKK 102
Tyre safe limit is 1.6 mm of tread left.
103 TongKK
Tyre Damage types
Puncture Hump
104 TongKK
105 TongKK
Note • Inspection by a professional is absolutely necessary
because internal damage is not visible while the tyre is mounted.
• But in one of the following situation the tyre definitely can not be repaired: 1. Punctures to the sidewall 2. Bead wire visible or distorted 3. Separation of rubbers or fabrics 4. Creases in rubbers or fabrics 5. Damage by hydrocarbons or corrosive substances. 6. Chafing or mottling of internal rubbers by running under inflated.
106 TongKK
• Tyre air pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch (psi) or
• kiloPascals (kPa), the metric designation
• Alignment
When all wheels on the vehicle are adjusted so that they are pointed in the optimum direction relative to the road and each other.
107 TongKK
TongKK 108
A QUICK AND EASY SAFETY MEASURE
• Make sure to regularly check the tread depth of your tyres and replace them when they are worn.
• This will guarantee maximum traction and grip, helping you avoid any unpleasant surprises.
• Your safety depends on a good level of tread depth because:
• The tread grooves disperses water from underneath your tyre, helping maintain control
109 TongKK
• The more tread depth you have remaining on your tyres, the more water you can disperse and therefore reduce the risk of aquaplaning
• Correct air pressure as well as regular vehicle maintenance will ensure your tyres perform at their best for the longest possible time
• The tread grips to the road, affecting the distance you require for braking
TongKK 110
CHECK YOUR TYRE PRESSURE EVERY MONTH • Correct tyre pressure reduces the risk of losing
control of your vehicle. • It also protects your tyres from premature wear and
irreversible damage to the internal construction. • Tyre pressure can drop due to small perforations,
the natural escape of air through the tyre's components or even from a decrease in ambient temperatures.
• So it is important to check it least once a month, because:
• Low pressure increases the risk of damage to your tyres
• Excess pressure of 20% can reduce the life of your tyre by up to 10,000 kms
111 TongKK
• Correct tyre pressure will even save fuel
• The recommended tyre pressure can be found:
• In the User's Manual of your vehicle
• On the labels on the side door beside the driver's seat
• In the storage drawer near the driver's seat
• But NOT on the tyre. The inflation pressure shown on the tyre sidewall is only the maximum tyre inflation pressure.
TongKK 112
KEEP YOUR BALANCE FOR LONGER LIFE
• Balancing helps prevent premature wear of your tyres and eliminates vibration. It also protects the suspension, steering system and bearings of your vehicle.
• A wheel is out of balance when one area is heavier or lighter than the rest. This will cause:
• Uneven and rapid tread wear
• Vibration
• More stress on front-end parts causes front-end parts to wear prematurely
113 TongKK
114 TongKK
• HE FIRST STEP TO REPAIR A TYRE IS TO SEE A PROFESSIONAL
• When a tyre needs to be repaired, it is essential to have an authorised tyre retailer or technician remove the tyre from the wheel and inspect it from the inside.
• It is absolutely necessary because internal damage is not visible while the tyre is mounted to the wheel. A professional will:
• Verify the internal condition of the tyre, detecting any damage not visible on the surface
• Ensure the correct methods and materials are used to repair the tyre
• Ensure the tyre is refitted correctly, optimising handling and comfort
115 TongKK
VALVE CAPS PROTECT YOU AND YOUR TYRES
• Valves and their components are ordinarily made of rubber, so they are subject to deterioration over time.
• Replace them when you buy new tyres. At high speeds, a cracked, deteriorated rubber valve stem can bend from centrifugal force and allow air loss.
• The valve cap is also important. It is the primary air seal and helps to keep out dust and dirt particles.
• You should check that your valves and valve caps are in good condition to:
• Maintain an airtight seal
• Maintain the correct tyre pressure
• Ensure longer tyre life
116 TongKK
117 TongKK
After five years or more of use, inspection must be carried out at least once a year.
• As a precaution, if the tyres have not been replaced 10 years from their date of manufacture,
• It is recommend replacing them with new tyres even if they appear to be in usable condition and have not worn down to the tread wear indicator.
118 TongKK
Practical In This Lesson
• Adjusting the carburetor and throttle linkage on older cars.
• Checking Brake Fluid level
• Clutch Fluid level (5-M/T Only)
• Automatic Transmission Fluid level
• Engine Oil level
• Power Steering Fluid level
• Washer Fluid level
• Coolant Reservoir level
119 TongKK
Practical
In This Lesson:
• Visual inspection of tyres.
• Measuring the tyre pressure.
• How to replace a flat tyre.
120 TongKK
Flat tyre
121 TongKK
Even on a quick two-KM hop, make sure you have a good spare tire on board and the correct tools.
To change a flat tire, follow these steps:
122 TongKK
1- Switch the warning lights on. Stop your car in the emergency lane or other suitable area with a firm, level surface as far from the road as possible. •The best place to stop is away from a corner, where approaching vehicles may not be able to see you. •Put the hand brake on. •Ensure passengers are in a safe place out of the vehicle and away from the traffic. •Take the appropriate precautions for your own safety. Switch on the warning lights.
123 TongKK
124 TongKK
2- Wedge one of the wheels. •Place a chock/wedge under the tyre that is diagonally opposite the tyre that needs to be changed. •Locate the vehicle jacking point nearest to the tyre needing to be changed. •There will be one for each wheel, usually located underneath the doors. •Extend the jack to fit into the jacking point and start to lift the car. •Before the tyre leave the ground, loosen the nuts, but do not remove them. •.
125 TongKK
vehicle jacking points
126 TongKK
127 TongKK
128 TongKK
129 TongKK
130 TongKK
3- Once the wheel clears the ground. Remove the nuts and put them in a clean place. 4- Remove the punctured wheel, Place the spare wheel on the hub. Tighten all the nuts lightly. 5- Lower the vehicle and remove the jack. Tighten the nuts firmly with the wrench. Put the tools and punctured tyre back in their correct storage place. 6- Return to the road, taking particularly care. Switch off the warning lights.
131 TongKK
TIPS OF THE DAY POWER TIPS before a Journey
• Petrol (Fuel)
• Oil
• Water
• Electrical
• Rubber
TongKK 132
TIPS OF THE DAY Fuel Saving
• Avoid Fast Starts - Don't be a hot-head! Aggressive
acceleration can reduce your fuel mileage by up to a whopping 33%!
• Know Your Oil - Improve your fuel mileage by up to 2% with the proper grade of motor oil.
• Watch The Weight - Excess weight in your vehicle can reduce fuel mileage by 1-2% so watch what you keep in your trunk.
• Keep It Tuned - Keeping up with regular vehicle maintenance can allow you to increase your fuel mileage by an average of 4.1%.
• Keep It Capped - Did you know about 147 million gallons of petrol evaporate every year from vehicles without petrol caps?
TongKK 133
TIPS OF THE DAY Buying Fuel • Only fill your tank during the coolest time of the
day―late evening or early morning. • Gas is more dense in cooler temperatures. And
since fuel pumps measure by volume, rather than by density, you’ll receive more gas for your RM.
• Don’t overfill your tank. If using an automatic nozzle, stop at the first click.
• Avoid the fuels or additives that claim to increase your gas mileage. The only thing these “wonder liquids” increase is your spending.
• If you don’t mind the inconvenience, only fill your tank half-full. Less fuel means less weight.
TongKK 134
TIPS OF THE DAY
• Proper maintenance helps your battery live to a ripe old age.
• Try: Using a battery lithium grease or anti-corrosion spray to help prevent corrosion, and a wire brush to remove present corrosion.
• Driving your car for an hour or two, at least every three weeks, to bring your battery to a full state of charge (the alternator will charge the battery while your motor is running).
TongKK 135
Battery
TongKK 136
Reference
• PERSEKUTUAN PERSATUAN PEMILIK BENGKEL KERETA, MALAYSIA. http://fawoam.org/en/home
• http://www.goodyear.com.au/tips-and-advice/car-tyres/tyre-maintenance.dot.
• http://www.ford.com/help/glossary/
• http://www.carama.com/
• http://www.boschcarservice.com.my/
TongKK 137