Download pdf - Biodiversity - paryavaranmitra.in · Rs 1,00,000 per hectare; groundwater augmentation at around Rs 1,250 million. Forestry Industries (Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, Paper and Pulp,

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Page 1: Biodiversity - paryavaranmitra.in · Rs 1,00,000 per hectare; groundwater augmentation at around Rs 1,250 million. Forestry Industries (Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, Paper and Pulp,

PopularsayinginWestIndiathatthedeathwillnotknockthedooroffarmers

duringfamine,iftheyhaveaShamitree(Prosopiscineraria),agoatandacamel,

signiÞesthevalueofbiodiversityinthelivesoflocalcommunities.Thementioned

plantandanimalsnotonlysurvivebutprotectandsustainafamilyunderany

harshconditions.

Biodiversity

Thepulpandpap

erindustryisone

ofthekey

industrialsectors

contributingtoth

eIndian

economy,andth

esocioeconomicdevelo

pment

providingemploymenttone

arly1.5million

people.Thesecto

rproducesover3

million

tonnesofpulpan

nuallyfrom10millionton

nesof

wood,agro-residu

eandwastepape

r.

ThecontributionofforestrytotheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)isbarely1.5%.ValuationofthemultiplebeneÞtsfromthesectorarenotreßectedinthis.DidyouknowthatthevalueofIndianforestspreventingsoilerosion isestimatedatoverRs47,000perhectare;carbonsequestrationatnearlyRs1,00,000perhectare;groundwateraugmentationataroundRs1,250million.

Forestry

Industries(Pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,PaperandPulp,Infrastructureetc.)

AgricultureIncludingDairy,Horticulture,Fishery

India'scoastlineofarou

nd7,500km,support

about30%ofthetotal

1.2billionhuman

populations.MarineÞshpr

oductioncontributes

substantiallytonutrition

alsecurity,incomeand

livelihoodofalargepo

pulationofthecountry

.

MajorEconomicActivities

MajorEconomicActivities

MajorEconomicActivities

Traditions

Traditions

andCulture

andCulture

Traditions

andCulture

Culturalevolutionisveryclos

elylinkedwithnaturalevolutio

n.Biodiversityisthe

foundationfortherich,divers

eandvibrantculturalheritage

acrossIndia.Forinstance,

thelifeofforestdwellersince

ntralIndiarevolvesaroundthe

Mahuatree(Madhuca

longoifolia)fromsubsistenceto

spiritualneeds.

SpiritualValues

IneasternHimalayas,tribalwomenusenearly55plant

speciesintheirfoodpreparations.Thesehighlyskilled

womenwithethnobiologicalknowledge,inßuence

sustainablepracticessuchasmultistoryvegetations,

regenerativetechniques,selectiveharvesting.Thishas

notonlycontributedtonutritional,foodandlivelihood

securityoftribalcommunities,buthasledto

conservationofplantspecies.

Sacredgrovescontinuetoplayamajorroleinthesocio-religiouslifeoftraditionalsocietiesinIndia.Theyareplacesofsocialgathering,bondingandspiritualseat.Ritualisticceremoniesanddancesareperformedinthenameofthereigningdeityforgroveprotection,likeTheyyam(ritualdance)inKerala.

WomenandCulturalDiversity

Forestsneutralizeapproximately21%ofIndia'sGreenHouseGasEmissions.

Guwahatiwouldbedevastatedseveraltimesmore

ifDeeporBeelandassociatedwetlandsdidnot

accommodatemonsoonßows.

CarbonSequestration

Ecosystem

Resilience

DisasterRiskReduction

ClimateChange

ClimateChange

Mitigation

Mitigation

andDisasterandDisaster

RiskReduction

RiskReduction

ClimateChange

Mitigation

andDisaster

RiskReduction

Povertyreduction

EastKolkataWetlandsformanimportantcomponentofwastewatertreatmentinfrastructureofthecity;treatingnearly600millionlitresofsewagedailyusingwastebasedpisciculture,agricultureandhorticulture.Thispracticeofagricultureandaquaculturecombinedprovidelivelihoodtolarge,economicallyunderprivileged,peri-urbanpopulationof20,000households.

EmploymentInludingSmallScaleIndustries

Around70%of

India'spopulatio

nisdependent

locallyonnatura

lecosystemsforsub

sistence-

livelihoodincludi

ngfuel,housing,f

ood,water,

andhealth-careh

erbs.

Thereareseveralsecon

daryoccupationsinvolvi

ng

non-farmbasedpracticesrelated

tobiodiversity

includingtourismandpilgrim

agerelatedservices,

handicrafts,collectiono

fnon-timberforestproduce

andsoon.

RegulationofImmuneResponse

Around70%ofIndia'spopulationisdependentonnaturalecosystemslocallyforsubsistence-livelihoodincludingfuel,housing,food,water,andhealth-careherbs.

Over7,500speciesofplantshavebeenusedformedicinalpurposesincludingveterinaryusebyvariousindigenouscommunities.Besides,manypharmaceuticalcompaniesuseplantextractsforproductionofdrugsforvariousailmentsanddiseasesincludingcancer.

Eventoday,over70%ofthe

healthcare

needsofIndiaaremetbytradition

almedicines

whicharelargelyplantbased

.Over4,00,000

practitionersoftraditionalm

edicinalsystems

includingAyurveda,Unanian

dSiddha,and

millionsoflocalpeople,particu

larlywomen

dependonbiodiversityforth

ehealthcare.

HealthHealthSystemsSystems

HealthSystems

Convention on Biological Diversity

CleanAir,Water,Regula

tionof

PestsandVectorBorn

eDiseases

ThedeclineinAsia'sv

ulturesattributedtoD

iclofenac

sodium,adrugalsousedint

reatinglivestock,hasn

ot

onlyresultedinthelos

sofseveralcriticallyim

portant

ecosystemservices,b

utalsoanincreaseof

feraldogs

inIndia.Findoutwhy?

Thishasshotupthec

ostof

treatmentduetorabiesand

alsothehumandeaths.

Forinstance,a2008s

tudyestimatedanincreaseof

feraldogsby5.5million,38.5

millionadditionaldog

bites,andmorethan4

7,300humandeathsf

rom

rabiesandtreatmentcostof

overUSD34billion

(Rupeestwotrillion).

WaterBalanceRe

gulation

Over15,000househ

oldslivinginand

aroundKanwarJhe

elinBiharharvest

Þsh,fodder,mollusksan

darangeof

vegetablesfordom

esticpurposes.

CitieslikeBhopal(M

adhyaPradesh),NewDelhi

andKollam(Kerala)

dependonbiodive

rsityrich

wetlandsfortheirw

atersupplies.

SustainedSupplyofWater WaterResourcesProtecti

on

Thepesticidalpropertiesofplantslikeneem,onceusedextensivelybythefarmersforcontrollingpests,areregainingtheirvalueduetothemajorboostgiventoorganicfarming.

FoodSecurityFoodSecurityFoodSecurity

FoodSupply:

Grains,Fruitsand

Vegetable,Milketc.

LivelihoodLivelihoodLivelihood

Nearly20%ofInd

ia'spopulation

isdirectlydepend

entonforests

forsubsistencea

ndlivelihoods.

Forestsarethefo

calpointof

survivaltonearly

halfofIndia's

89milliontribalpopula

tion

dwellinginforest

soronthe

forestfringes.Th

eydrawhalfof

theirfoodfromtheinnu

merable

forestproductss

uchasseeds,

grains,roots,leave

sandfruits.

SoilFertilityandWaterRetention

Pollinationan

d

PestControl

Greenmanurecropscontribute30to60kilogramsnitrogenperhectareannuallybesidesprovidingsoilorganicmatterandmicroelements.Indianfarmersarehighlydependentonbiodiversityforgreenmanureaswellasfodderfortheirlivestock.

ShapingSustainableIndia

PovertyReduction

DirectandIndir

ectOpportunity

WaterConservat

ion

WaterConservat

ion

WaterConservat

ion

BeliefSystemsandTraditionalPractices

SourceofTraditionalandModernMedicines

ChilikabrackishwaterlagooninOdishalendslivelihood

securitytomorethan2,00,000Þshersand4,00,000farmers

livinginandaroundthewetlandanditsadjoiningc

atchments.

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