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THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO:
A Graphic Products Library Resource
Pipe Marking
1-800-788-5572 | www.DuraLabel.com | www.GraphicProducts.com
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Pipe Grabber™ SleevesPipe Grabber™ Sleeves provide a
clean surface for labeling dirty, oily,
or rusty pipes. Just print a label,
apply it to the sleeve, then place
the sleeve around the pipe.
Call Today for your pipemarking, valve tag and safety labeling needs!
We have the printers, supplies and tools
needed to effectively bring your facility up to
code with today’s standards.
DuraTag™ (Tag Stock)This heavy-duty UV-stabilized material
is resistant to tears, moisture,
chemicals, and extreme cold, makingit ideal for indoor and outdoor use.
Assorted colors and sizes available.
Valve TagsInexpensive custom valve tagsare fast and easy to create. Our
valve tags are extremely durable
and long-lasting for a uniform
and professional appearance
throughout your entire facility.
Pipe MarkersPremium Vinyl Tapes available in
1/2" to 9" widths in over 30 colors
and 100s of specialty order colors
making it ideal for color-coding.
www.DuraLabel.com
1-800-788-5572
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The information presented in this guide was obtained from sources whom we deem reliable and the best available sources; Graphic Products,
Inc. has made every effort to ensure this information is correct. However, we do not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products,
Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied. Information in this guide is subject to change without notice.
Except as expressly provided for in writing, the liability of Graphic Products, Inc. arising from the use of this guide is specically excluded and
Graphic Products, Inc. disclaims all warranties and any liability for damages of any kind and any liability whether in contract, tort under statute
or otherwise for any injury, damage or loss whatsoever. No reliance should be placed on information contained or to be implied or inferred in
this guide, and users of this guide should verify all information with ANSI and OSHA sources directly.
1 INTRODUCTION
An overview of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking.
2 TOOLSWhat labeling tools are available to efciently label an
entire facility indoors and outdoors?
3 EVALUATION OF FACILITY
What to look for when evaluating a facility.
– Evaluation Tip
– What to Look For
– Standard Abbreviations
9 LABEL CREATION
See what resources there are for customizing pipemarkers within a facility.
– Equipment and Supplies
– Label Creation Steps
11 LABEL PLACEMENT
Proper placement of pipe labels will increase worker
safety and improve overall workflow.
– Pipe Markers Should Be Placed
– Removing Old Labels
13 LABEL MAINTENANCE
What may be used to clean and maintain pipe labels.
14 APPENDIX A - EVALUATION CHECKLIST
Use this checklist to help label a facility.
15 APPENDIX B - PIPE MARKING GUIDES
Various industries need to comply with specic standards
and should be followed accordingly.
– ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Pipe Marking Guide
– Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide
– NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Pipe Marking Guide
– ISO/DIS 14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide– Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide
What DuraLabel supplies are available for pipe
marking for various surfaces and environments?10
What are the different pipe marking standards?15
CONTENTSContents of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking by Graphic Products, Inc.
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INTRODUCTION The following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing and placement. These recommended practices will help
improve facility efciency and increase safety through visual communication.
1 The words pipe marker, pipe marking and label are used interchangeably throughout this guide.
Proper pipe marking1 plays a critical role in protecting the
safety of workers, visitors and emergency responders who
must enter a facility. The following pages are designed to
help your facility comply with widely accepted standards
for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure
pipe content, ow direction and additional pipe information
are easily seen and understood by all.
Pipe marker design and color-code compliance is best
achieved with the use of an industrial label printer. Pipemarking software, included with DuraLabel printers, makes
it easy to accurately print for compliance using custom
information. The goal is to reduce confusion, dangerous
situations, injuries and even deaths.
Keep this guide handy in your facility to help you, your
staff and contractors understand and print compliant pipe
markers. DuraLabel printers come bundled with pipe
marking software to make compliance simple. DuraLabel
also offers a wide selection of industrial labeling supplies
for making pipe markers, valve tags and other types of
labels and signs.
DuraLabel offers over 50 application-specic supplies to
choose from so you’ll always have the right supply formaking durable labels and signs for nearly any surface
or setting. Having the right supply for your specic
application ensures long-term performance - even in the
harshest industrial environments.
PIPE LABELS: Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers.
For further assistance please contact one of our knowledgeable
customer service representatives at 1-800-788-5572.
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2 Although other industrial quality printers may be used, the DuraLabel PRO 300 is a popular thermal transfer printer proven to
make effective, long-lasting pipe markers. The descriptions given in this guide use the DuraLabel PRO 300.
DURALABEL PIPE MARKING SUPPLIES: DuraLabel provides many labeling supplies and tools to properly color-code pipes within a facility.
TOOLS Various items are needed when evaluating your facility for marking pipes appropriately.
The recommended tools and equipment needed for making pipe markers includes:
• Schematic of the facility’s pipe system
• Computer with Windows 2000 Operating System or above
▫ DuraLabel Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL or a laptop if
portability is needed
▫ Word processing software or DuraLabel DuraSuite™ software
▫ DuraLabel library of symbols, templates and examples
• DuraLabel PRO series printer2 (www.duralabel.com)
▫ DuraLabel DuraPak™ battery (optional, for portability)
▫ DuraLabel premium vinyl tapes in yellow, green, blue, red, brown and orange
(tape size depends on the size of the pipe)
▫ DuraLabel premium and/or petroleum ribbon in white and black
▫ Additional supplies for special purpose applications
• Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves for putting pipe markers on dirty, oily or rusty pipes
• Low temperature vinyl for labeling pipes in cold storage areas
• Reective vinyl for labeling pipes that need to be seen under low-light conditions
• Extended-Life Vinyl is ideal for outdoor labeling
• Supplies and equipment to clean and prepare pipes for labeling
▫ Putty knife, isopropyl alcohol, WD-40 or heat gun Check out the DuraLabel 9000
and print on 4” - 9” Tape Widths!
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EVALUATION OF FACILITY Now that you have the tools needed for pipe marking, the next step is an evaluation of the pipe systems in your facility. This requires
walking through the facility to visually evaluate and document each piping system. Carry a pen, a pad of paper and a camera with you.
Use drawings of your facility’s piping systems to aid you in documenting any problems that are identied. An easy-to-use inspection
form is available in Appendix A of this guide.
EVALUATE FACILITY: Evaluate piping systems indoors and outdoors. DuraLabel provides supplies which will endure many environments.
What to Look For
When evaluating your facility, look for and pay attention to:
• Existing pipe markers
▫ Are they physically damaged, deteriorated, dirty,
discolored or in a location or condition likely to result in
future physical damage or failure?
▫ Are they accurate? (Name, ow direction, label color)
• Pipes with missing pipe markers
• New equipment
• New pipes that redirect contents to/from new equipment
• Areas where maintenance has been performed
• Trafc areas
Evaluation Tip
During your pipe evaluation, make sure to document
all current pipe markers. Consider how existing
marking could be improved to better visually
communicate pipe information to workers.
Denition of Pipe
A pipe is a conduit used to convey, distribute, mix,
separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub uid
ows. A pipe system includes the pipes, plus ttings,
anges, valves and pipe coverings. (ASME/ANSI
A13.1 (2007) standard)
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Color Scheme
The contents of a pipe
determines the color scheme
of the pipe marker. See
Table 1 to ensure existing
pipe markers are standard-
compliant. If not, they
should be replaced.
Pipe Label Size
The size of the pipe marker
is also an important factor.
Properly sized labels will
allow personnel to read
the labels at a reasonable
distance. See Table 2 to
ensure existing pipe markers
are standard-compliant. Ifnot, they should be replaced.
Although the ASME/ANSI standard suggests labeling
all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled in the
following situations:
• the contents of pipes could affect procedures during
emergency situations
• the contents of pipes are hazardous
• the ow direction is unknown• the destination of the contents is unknown
• the ow needs to be redirected for maintenance
• one or more valves need to be shut off for maintenance
In conducting your inspection, use a pipe schematic and
piping drawings to plan your inspection. Consult your
facility’s pipe schematics to ensure accurate labeling of
contents and direction of ow.
NOTE: Pipes too small for labels should be marked with a hanging tag
IDENTIFY ALL PIPES, VALVES & CONTAINERS: Properly identifying
pipes, valves and containers will aid in safety.
HANGING TAG: Use a hanging pipe tag as
pictured above for pipes which are too small.
T A B L E 1 – C o l o r s
Fluid ServiceBackground
ColorLetter Color
Fire Quenching Fluids Red White
Toxic & Corrosive Fluids Orange Black
Flammable Fluids Yellow Black
Combustible Fluids Brown White
Potable, Cooling, Boiler Feed & Other Water Green White
Compressed Air Blue White
Use the Appendix A at the end of this
guide to help determine the color, size,
and quantity of labels needed.
EVALUATION OF FACI
T A B L E 2 – S i z e s
Outside Pipe Diameter
Including Covering
Minimum Length of
Label Field Color
Minimum Height
of Letters
0.75" - 1.25" 19 - 32 mm 8" 203 mm 0.5" 13 mm
1.5" - 2" 38 - 51 mm 8" 203 mm 0.75" 19 mm
2.5" - 6" 64 - 152 mm 12" 305 mm 1.25" 32 mm
8" - 10" 203 - 254 mm 24" 610 mm 2.5" 64 mm
Over 10" Over 254 mm 32" 813 mm 3.5" 89 mm
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CMPT Computed
CNMT Containment
COM Common
COMP Component
CONC Concentration
COND Condenser/Condensate
CONDTY Conductivity
CONT Controller
CONT ROD Control Rod
CONTR Control
COR Correction
CORR Correlation
COUNT Count
CPM Counts Per Minute
CPU Central Processing Unit
CPUS Central Processing Units
CR Control Room
CRB Chemical Recovery Boiler
CROM Control Rod Drive Mechanism
CS Containment Spray
CSR Cable Spreading Room
CST Condensate Storage Tank
CW Circulating Water
CWP Circulating Water PumpCYL Cylinder
D/G Diesel Generator
DEG Degrees
DEMIN Demineralizer
DET Detector
DEV Deviation
DIV Division
DO Diesel Fuel Oil
DOT Dirty Oil Tank
DSCH Discharge
DT Delta Temperature
ECCS Emergency Core Cooling System
EDT Equipment Drain Tank
EFCT Effect
EFLNT Efuent
EHC Electro Hydraulic Control
ELEC Electrical
EQ Equipment
EQUIP Equipment
ES Extraction Steam
ABED Aux. Building Equipment Drains
ABEDT Aux. Building Equipment Drain Tank
ABFD Aux. Building Floor Drain
ABFDT Aux. Building Floor Drain Train
ACB Air Circuit Breaker
ACK Acknowledge
ACT Actuate
ADJ Adjust
AFW Auxiliary Feedwater
ALM Alarm
AMB Ambient
ANAL Analyzer
AO(V) Air Operated (Valve)
AVG Average
BA Boric Acid
BAR Bar Graph
BAT Boric Acid Tank / Battery
BD Blow Down
BIST Bistable
BIT Boron Injection Tank
BKR Breaker
BL Black Liquid
BOP Balance of Plant
BTM BottomBTU British Thermal Unit
BUP Backup
C Centigrade (aka. Celsius)
C/CB Condensate/Cond. Booster
C1M Cumulative One Minute
CAB Cabinet
CAL Calibration/Calorie
CAUS Cause
CCW Component Cooling Water/Closed Cooling Water
CD Condensate
CDB Condensate Booster
CDT Chemical Drain Tank
CHAM Chamber
CHAN Channel
CHNG Change
CHRG Charging
CJB Cold Junction Box
CKT Circuit
CL Cold Leg
CLNG Cooling
EVALUATION OF FACILITY
Standard Abbreviations
The following table provides a list of standard abbreviations that may be used on pipe markers. Abbreviations should only
be used to make the message easier to read and when it is impractical to write out the entire word or phrase.
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K Kilo
LNG Long/Liquied Natural Gas
LO FLW Low Flow
M/G Motor Generator Sets
MAINT Maintenance
MAX Maximum
MCR Main Control Room
MFP Main Feed Pump
MIN Minutes/Minimum
MOIST Moisture
MPH Miles Per Hour
MPS Miles Per Second
MS Main Steam/Moisture Separator
MSIV Main Steam Isolation Valve
MSR Moisture Separator Reheater
MTR Motor
MU Makeup
MVBL Moveable
NAOH Sodium Hydroxide
NAR Narrow
NAR RNG Narrow Range
NBL Noble
NEG Negative
NEUT Neutron
NIS Nuclear Instrumentation System
NR Narrow Range
NUC Nuclear
OG Off-GasOOS Out of Service
OP Over Pressure
OPER Operator/Operating
OT Over Temperature
OT-OP Over Temp-Over Pressure
OUT Output
OUTBD Outboard
OUTLT Outlet
OVERLD Overload
OVERTEMP Over Temperature
OVRPWR Overpower
PART Partial
PARTIC Particulate
PCT Percent
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PENET Penetration
PMG Permanent Magnet Generator
PNEU Pneumatic
PORV Power Operated Relief Valve
POS Positive
ESS Essential Service
ESF Engineered Safety Feature
EXH Exhaust/Exhauster
EXPANS Expansion
EXTR Extracted Extractor/Extraction
F Fahrenheit
FCV Flow Control Valve
FD Forced Draft
FH Fuel Handling
FLW Flow
FO Fuel Oil
FREQ Frequency
FRNT Front
FW Feed Water
GOV Governor
GPM Gallons Per Minute
GRP Group
GSC Gland Steam Condenser
GV Governor Valve
HG(A) Mercury (absolute)
HGHT Height
HIDP High Differential Pressure
HL Hot Leg
HOV Hydraulic Operated Valve
HP High Pressure
HR(S) Hour
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator
HT RT Heat RateHTNG Heating
HU/CD Heatup/Cooldown
HUT Hold up Tank
HYD Hydraulic
I/P Current to Pressure
I/V Current to Voltage
IA Instrument Air
ID Identication/Inside Diameter
INBO Inboard
INC Increase
INF Inuent
INIT Initial
INL Inlet
INSERTIN Insertion
INST Instrument/Instantaneous
INT Internal
INTERM Intermediate
IOD Iodine
ISOL Isolation
JUNCT Junction
EVALUATION OF FACI
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SEC Second
SEL Select
SEP Separator
SERV Service
SFP Service Fuel Pump
SGTR Steam Generator Tube Rupture
SI Safety Injection
SPEC Specication
STDY Steady
STNBY Standby
STOR Storage
SUPPR Suppressed
SUPRESS Suppression
SW Service Water/Switch
SWST Secondary Water Storage Tank
T/C Thermocouples
TAMB Temperature Ambient
TAVG Average Temperature
TB Turbine Building/Terminal Box/Block
TC Cold Leg Temperature
TCV Temperature Control Valve
TD Turbine Drain
TG Turbine Generator
THER Thermal
THRT Throttle
THST Thrust
TREP Reference Temperature
TRNA Train A (B, C, etc.)
TRNSNT Transient
TRP Trip
TTD Terminal Temp. Difference
TURBS Turbines
UNCONT Uncontrolled
VAC Vacuum
VALS Values
VAP Vapor
VAR VarianceVCT Volume Control Tank
VIB Vibration
VNT Vent
VOL Volume
WR Wide Range
XFR Transfer
XMTR Transmitter
POT Potentiometer
PPB Parts per Billion
PPM Parts per Million
PR58 Process Radiation Monitor 58
PREAMP Preampliers
PRG Purge
PRI Primary
PROC Process
PRT Pressurizer Relief Tank
PS Power Supply
PSI Lbs Per Square Inch
PSIA Lbs Per Square Inch Absolute
PSIG Lbs Per Inch Gauge
PSIO Lbs Per Square Inch Differential
PT Point
PTL Pull-To-Lock
PUL Pulverizer
PW Primary Water
PWR RNG Power Range
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PZR Pressurizer Relief Tank
RC Reactor Coolant
RCDT Reactor Coolant Drain Tank
RCFC Reactor Containment Fan Cooler
RCL Reactor Coolant Loop
RCS Reactor Coolant System
RDT Reheater Drain Tank
RECOMB Recombiner
REGEN Regenerative
REL Relative
RESID Residual
RH Residual Heat
RHR Residual Heat Removal
RHT Reheat
RLY Relay
RNG Range/Running
ROC Rate of ChangeRTD Resistance Temp. Detector
RTN Return
RVLIS Reactor Vessel Level Indication System
RW Radwaste
RWST Refueling Water Storage Tank
S/G Steam Generator
SA Service Air
SB Service Building
Standard Abbreviations (cont.)
EVALUATION OF FACI
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This is the standard Pipe Marking kit. This kit can be customized!Call 1-800-788-5572 for details.
LABEL CREATIONNeed pipe markers? Evaluate what your facility’s needs are rst. If your facility is medium-to-large in size, it may be more cost-effective
and efcient to have an industrial label printer in-house. Pipe markers, and many other industrial labels, can be custom designed and
easily printed on demand when employees have access to the right printer and supplies in their work area.
Equipment and Supplies
Preprinted pipe marker labels aren’t cheap. Facilities relying on these generic labels to mark pipes often pay more in
replacement costs due to the marker’s short life span. Because preprinted labels are generic, they may not always visually
communicate pipe information accurately. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer is an excellent option for most facility pipe
marking projects. Quality 300 dpi resolution provides crisp and clear legibility for pipe marking projects.
The DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking Kit includes:
• DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer
• DuraSuite Labeling Software (FREE)
• 2" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Orange Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Red Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Orange Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Red Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Brown Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4.3" White Resin Ribbon
• 4.3" Black Resin Ribbon
PIPE LABELS: Take the guess work out by using DuraLabel printers, supplies and software to quickly create and print the pipe labels you need.
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Label Creation Steps (with the DuraLabel PRO 300)
Use the DuraSuite™ labeling software included with all DuraLabel PRO printers or design the required pipe labels with a
familiar word processor, such as Microsoft® Word or OpenOfce.org. The Software CD included with DuraLabel desktop
printers comes with pre-made MS Word templates and examples. The DuraLabel PRO 300 printer can print on supplies up
to 4" wide.
Using Pre-Existing Software
1. See Table 2 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the size of label and letters and adjust the page format
accordingly.
2. Type out text in capital letters, using a sans-serif font.
3. From the DuraLabel PRO 300 symbols library, insert an arrow to indicate the direction of ow of the pipe contents.
4. See Table 1 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the appropriate color of the labeling tape and ribbon. Load
the DuraLabel PRO 300 printer accordingly.
5. Print the label(s).
Some of the special supplies that are available include:
• Cold Storage Vinyl Tape – Adhesive will stick on cold surfaces
• High-Tack Tapes – For surfaces that are not smooth
• Sign Blanks – For hot-pipe labeling where vinyl adhesive
won’t function
• Reective Tape – For low-light settings
• Oily Surface Labels – Sticks to oily or greasy surfaces
• Marine Label Tapes – Resistant to salt water spray
• RTK Labels – To identify hazardous pipe contents
• Valve Tags - To identify pipes whose labels would be too smal
for readability
DuraSuite™: Easily print pipe labels in automatic or
manual mode using DuraSuite. Choose from single
or wrap-around label layouts to comply with codes.
Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel PRO 300,
DuraPak™ battery & Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL for a complete portable option!
Using DuraSuite Automatic Pipe Marker Design1. Open the DuraSuite™ Labeling Software.
2. Select the Pipe Marking module.
3. Select the pipe’s contents from one of the menus or
enter appropriate text & select appropriate arrows.
4. Select the pipe’s outside diameter dimension.
5. Load the printer with appropriate supplies determined by
Tables 1 & 2 in the “Facility Evaluation” section.
6. Select the number of labels & print the label(s).
LABEL CREAT
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LABEL PLACEMENTPipe marker location plays a critical role in the safety and efciency of every facility. In many facilities, pipe systems generally have
a number of bends, penetrations, valves and possibly distribution headers. Factor these visual obstacles into your nal placement
decision. Every pipe must have pipe markers that are visible from any location from which the pipe can be seen.
Labels must always be applied to clean and dry surfaces to provide lasting performance. Visually appropriate locations
often need to be cleaned of debris to create an acceptable pipe marker surface. At locations where cleaning is not an
option, DuraLabel Pipe Grabber™ sleeves may be an appropriate alternative.
Pipe markers should be placed:
• To indicate direction of ow by labeling with arrows at one
or both ends of the label
• To be visible from the point of normal approach
• At any line entry or re-entry point
• Near valves, anges, and changes in pipe direction
• At both sides of ceiling, wall, or oor penetrations
• At least once every 50 feet on straight pipe runs
PIPE LABEL VISIBILITY: Pipe labels should be visible from all angles when standing in a facility.
LABEL PLACEMENT: Placement of labels will vary facility to facility
and should be applied accordingly to comply with codes.
Special Conditions for placement:
• If pipeline is located above the normal line of vision,
the label shall be placed below the horizontal center
line of the pipe to maximize visibility
• If pipeline is located below the normal line of vision,
the label shall be placed above the horizontal center
line of the pipe to maximize visibility
• Use Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves when:
▫ Pipe is very dirty and cannot be cleaned
▫ Labels won’t adhere because the pipe is covered
with rust, scale, un-lagged insulation, etc.
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Removing Old Labels
Many labels can be removed by scraping them off with
a putty knife. However, with strong labels such as labels
made using DuraLabel vinyl tapes, this can be a labor
intensive process. Heating the label with a heat gun will
speed this process.
For some applications a powered wire brush can be used
to quickly remove labels. The use of this type of tool must
take into consideration the type of surface the label is
applied to and whether that surface will be damaged.
Another alternative is to use WD-40. After peeling up
the corner or edge of the label, spraying a generous
amount of WD-40, or any oil-based lubricant, around
the label will accelerate the separation between the
label and the application surface. The oil-based
lubricant reacts with the adhesive weakening the bond between the label and the surface. This allows it to
come off cleanly and quickly. (This technique does
not work with DuraLabel Oily Surface Tapes.)
LABEL PLACEM
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LABEL MAINTENANCELabels should be properly maintained to ensure long-life, legibility and readability. Under normal outdoor conditions labels will typically
last ve to seven years. Environmental conditions can cause either a shorter or longer label life.
DISCLAIMER: This guide is for general purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Labels should be inspected on a periodic basis and replaced
if missing or deteriorated. Accumulation of debris, grease,
oil, or other materials should be cleaned off.
Pipe markers are only useful if they are visible. DuraLabel
PRO supplies are chemical resistant. Solvents and cleaning
agents may be used when necessary to clean off dirt, grime
oil, etc.
If cleaning is not possible and a label is not readable,
replace the existing label with a new one.
Set up a schedule to reevaluate your facility. Refer to the
section “Evaluation of Facility” of this guide for help.
INSPECT LABELS: Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability and for code compliance.
EVALUATE FACILITY: Replace damaged pipe labels on demand
using DuraLabel printers, software & supplies.
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O u t s i d e P i p e
D i a m e t e r
F l a m m a b l e
F l u i d s
D i r e c t i o n o f F l o w
( L / R ) C o m
b u s t i b l e F l u i d s
W a t e r
C o m p r e s s e d
A i r
F i r e Q u e
n c h i n g F l u i d s
T o x i c / C o r r o s i v e F l u i d s
L a b e l C o l o r L a b e l W
i d t h N u m b e r o f
L a b e l s
A P P E N D I x
A –
E V A L U A T I O N C h
E C k L I S T
U s e t h i s c h e c k l i s t t o k e e p t r a c k o f t
h e n u m b e r a n d t y p e o f
l a b e l s n e e d e d d u r i n g t h e e v a l u a t i o n .
N O T E S :
•
U s e T a b l e 1 i n s e c t i o n “ E v a l u a t i o n
o f F a c i l i t y ” t o d e t e r m i n e t h e l a b e l c o l o r b y t h e p i p e c o n t e n t s .
•
U s e T a b l e 2 i n s e c t i o n “ E v a l u a t i o n
o f F a c i l i t y ” t o d e t e r m i n e t h e l a b e l s i z e b y t h e p i p e d i a m e t e r .
•
T h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e o w i s e i t h e r l e f t o r r i g h t r e l a t i v e t o w h e r e t h e l a b e
l w i l l b e a p p l i e d .
•
T o e s t i m a t e t h e n u m b e r o f l a b e l s , d i v i d e t h e t o t a l p i p e l e n g t h b y 5 0 t h e n i n c r e a s e t h e n u m b e r f o r v a l v e s , p
e n e t r a t i o n s , c h a n g e s i n d i r e c t i o n , e t c .
N a m e o f p i p e c o n t e n t
L o c a t i o n
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APPENDIx B – PIPE MARkINg gUIDES This appendix provides pipe marking guides covering a variety of pipe locations. There are ve guides provided in this appendix:
ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking
The ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking Guide provides the pipe labeling requirements that apply
to most facilities. In an industrial, institutional, and commercial building, there will be both
hazardous and non-hazardous materials owing through many miles of pipes. According to theANSI/ASME A13.1 standards, pipe markers must list the contents of the pipe, the hazards it
poses, and any other important information necessary. This guides shows what information must
be on code-compliant labels, what size labels need to be, what color labels must be, and where
labels should be applied.
Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide
Ammonia is corrosive to the skin, eyes, lungs, and can be deadly at higher levels of exposure.
The Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide provides the International Institute of Ammonia
Refrigeration labeling standards for ammonia piping. The IIAR standard requires that thorough
and specic labeling be applied to all pipes that contain ammonia-based refrigerants.
NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide
According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), all pipes carrying medical gasses
in Health Care Facilities must be labeled. The NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide
provides information about the NFPA 99 standards, including what should be on the label and
where the label should be placed. At minimum, medical pipe markers must include the contents,
direction of ow, and pressure. Oxygen, Vacuum, Medical Air, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrogen are
just a few of the gasses the NFPA 99 requires to be labeled.
ISO/DIS-14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide
Ships and other sea vessels use a pipe marking system that is internationally recognized. This
guide provides detailed information about the International ISO/DIS-14726 standards commonly
known as the Marine Pipe Marking Standards. (ISO/DIS 14726-2: species additional color
codes for more detailed identication of substances carried by pipes.)
Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide
The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides detailed information about labeling
the piping systems within facilities. The ANSI/ASME A13.1 code applies to labeling pipesin commercial buildings. However, in some buildings it is desirable to have more detailed
information than is provided by ANSI/ASME pipe markers. For example, there are many
types of water used in a commercial building and identifying what type of water is in a pipe
is important. The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a standard used to label
pipes with the additional information.
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MARKER LOCATIONPipe markers shall be placed:
• to indicate direction of ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• to be visible from the point of normal approach
• near valves, anges and changes in pipe direction
• both sides of ceiling, wall or oor penetrations
• at any line entry or re-entry point
• on straight pipe runs
• every 25 ft to 50 ft
ABOVE: Orientation of labelsABOVE: Label placement in relation
to point of normal approach
NOTE: It is recommended
that pipes less than .75" in
diameter be labeled with a
permanent tag.
ANSI/ASME A13.1 PIPE MARkINg gUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/
ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identication of Pipes.
MATERIAL PROPERTY DEFINITION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY
LETTER COLOR ON
FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE
Flammable
Fluids which are a vapor or produce vapors that can
ignite and continue to burn in air. Black on Yellow
Combustible Fluids that may burn but are not ammable. White on Brown
Toxic &
Corrosive
Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will produce
corrosive or toxic substances.Black on Orange
Fire QuenchingWater and other substances used in sprinkler re
ghting piping systems.White on Red
Other WaterAny other water except for water used in sprinkler &
re ghting piping systems.White on Green
Compressed Air Any vapor or gas under pressure that does not t acategory above.
White on Blue
Defined by User Defined by user. Black on White
Defined by User Defined by user. Black on White
Defined by User Defined by user. White on Purple
Defined by User Defined by user. White on Gray
DEFINED BY USER
DEFINED BY USER
DEFINED BY USER
DEFINED BY USER
BOILER WATER
COMPRESSED AIR
HYDROGEN
NITRIC ACID
ACETIC ACID
HALON
COLOR CODE
This guide is for general informatio
purposes only. It is not a substitute
for review of applicable standards
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc
All Rights Reserved
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHARTLetter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter
Outside Pipe Diameter
Including Covering
Minimum Length of
Label Field Color
Minimum Height
of Letters
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"
(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"
(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)
.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"
(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)
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NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter, be labeled with a permanent tag.
1. ABBREVIATIONSAbbreviations for Ammonia System Components:
Black printed on yellow
2. PHYSICAL STATELIQ – Liquid: Black or white printed on orange
VAP – Vapor: Black or white printed on blue*
LIQ/VAP: Use both if both states exist
4. PRESSURE LEVELHIGH Pressure: +70 psig
Black or white printed on red
LOW Pressure: =/-70 psig
Black or white printed on greenABBREVIATION SYSTEM
BD Booster Discharge VAP LOW
CD Condenser LIQ HIGH
DC Defrost Condensate LIQ HIGH
ES Economizer Suction VAP LOW
EQ Equalizer VAP HIGH
FG Foul Gas VAP LOW
HG Hot Gas VAP HIGH
HGD Hot Gas Defrost VAP HIGH
HPL High Pressure Liquid LIQ HIGH
HSD High Stage Discharge VAP HIGH
HSS High Stage Suction VAP LOW
HTRL High Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOW
HTRS High Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP HIGH
HTS High Temperature Suction VAP LOW
LD Liquid Drain LIQ LOW
LIC Liquid Injection Cooling LIQ HIGH
LSS Low Stage Suction VAP LOW
LT Liquid Transfer LIQ LOW
LTRL Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ/VAP LOWLTRS Low Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ LOW
LTS Low Temperature Suction VAP LOW
MTRL Medium Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOW
MTRS Medium Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP LOW
MTS Medium Temperature Suction VAP LOW
PL Purge Line VAP HIGH
PO Pump Out — —
PU Purge LIQ HIGH
RV Relief Vent VAP HIGH
TSR Thermosyphon Return LIQ/VAP HIGH
TSS Thermosyphon Supply LIQ HIGH
Abbreviations marked with this symbol are popularly used, but non-IIAR approved.
*DuraLabel Sky Blue Premium Vinyl recommended. 3. MARKER BODY “AMMONIA” printed in black on yellow 5. FLOW DIRECTIONDirection of flow of the system contents
is indicated by the arrows. Place arrows
at one or both ends of the label.
AMMONIA PIPE MARkINg gUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the IIAR
(International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration) Standards.
1 2 3 4 5
MARKER LOCATION (IIAR #114 §5.0)
Pipe markers shall be placed:
• before and after a change in piping direction
• before and after piping penetrations (e.g. walls)
• on extended runs of pipe, with a maxspacing of 40 ft between markers
• minimum of one per each area of refrigerationpipe passage (e.g. one per room)
IIAR #114 §7.0 requires the
posting of a reference chart with
pipe marking identification and
abbreviation information in an area
conspicuous to operating personnel.
Make the chart out of a durable
material for continued legibility.
This guide is for general informatio
purposes only. It is not a substitute
for review of applicable standards
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc
All Rights Reserved
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHARTLetter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter
Outside Pipe Diameter
Including Covering
Minimum Length of
Label Field Color
Minimum Height
of Letters
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"
(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"
(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)
.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"
(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)
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NFPA 99/CgA C-9 PIPE MARkINg gUIDENFPA 99 & CGA C-9 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, Pipelines & Valves for Medical Use ASME/ANSI Pipe
Identication Placement & Orientation Standards
This guide is for general information only
Not intended to be used in place of CGA C-9
NFPA 99 or ASME/ANSI standards
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc
All Rights Reserved
MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:
• to indicate direction of ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• near valves, anges and changes in pipe direction
• to be visible from the point of normal approach
• both sides of ceiling, wall, partitions or oor penetrations
• at least once in or above every room
• on straight pipe runs, at intervals of not more than 20 ft
• at least once in every story height traversed by risers
NOTE: It is
recommended that
pipes less than .75" in
diameter, be labeled
with a permanent tag
MATERIAL PROPERTY LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE
Single Gases –
Oxygen USP† White on Green OXYGEN 50-55 PSI
Carbon Dioxide† White on Gray CARBON DIOXIDE
Nitrous Oxide† White on Blue NITROUS OXIDE
Cyclopropane‡ Black on Orange CYCLOPROPANE
Helium USP† White on Brown HELIUM 50-55 PSI
Nitrogen NF† White on Black NITROGEN 160-200 PSI
Medical Air USP† Black on Yellow MEDICAL AIR
Instrument Air† White on Red INSTRUMENT AIR
Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD)† White on Violet WASTE ANAESTHETIC
Laboratory Air† Black onWhite/Yellow Checkerboard LABORATORY AIR
Laboratory Vacuum† Black on White/BlackCheckerboard 2 LABORATORY VACUUM
Medical-Surgical Vacuum† Black on White MEDICAL VACUUM
Gas Mixtures of Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF –
19.5% to 23.5% Oxygen‡ Black on Yellow 20% OXYGEN80% NITROGEN
All other Oxygen Concentrates1‡Black AND Green 40% OXYGEN
60% NITROGEN
Other Gas Mixtures –
Oxygen USP and Nitrous Oxide USP: 1‡
52.5% Oxygen USP, 47.5% Nitrous Oxide USP
Not Assigned
- Dened By User -52.5% OXYGEN
47.5% NITROUS OXIDE
Oxygen USP and Carbon Dioxide USP: 1‡
≥ 93% Oxygen USP, remainder Carbon Dioxide USP Gray on Green
93% OXYGEN
7% CARBON DIOXIDE
Oxygen USP and Helium USP: 1‡
≥ 20% Oxygen USP, remainder Helium USPGreen on Brown
20% OXYGEN80% HELIUM
1 Use the background colors of the Single Gases. For Other Gas Mixture Pipe Labels, use the major gas for label color and use the minor gas color for text color.2 Use a white box with a black outline behind the text. †Complies to NFPA 99 color marking standards. ‡Complies to CGA C-9 color marking standards.
ABOVE: Orientation of labels
ABOVE: Label placement in relation
to point of normal approach
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHARTLetter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter
Outside Pipe Diameter
Including Covering
Minimum Length of
Label Field Color
Minimum Height
of Letters
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"
(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"
(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)
.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"
(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)
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Additional Color (blue)
Main Color(yellow)
Steam (silver)
Steam for Heating Purposes
Exhaust Steam
Supply Steam
Fresh Water (blue)
Sanitary Fresh Water
Potable Water
Distillate
Gas-Turbine Wash Water
Feed Water
Cooling Fresh Water
Chilled Water
Condensate
Non-Flammable Gases (grey)Oxygen
Inert Gas
Nitrogen
Refrigerant
Compressed Air LP (low pressure)
Compressed Air HP (high pressure)
Control Air/Regulating Air
Breathing Air a
Breathing Gas a
a This marking is used in submarines for distribution
systems of breathing air from cylinders
Oils other than Fuels (orange)
Used Oil (Not Contaminated)
Thermal Fluid
Lubrication Oil for Gas Turbines
Hydraulic Fluid
Lubrication Oil for Steam Turbines
Lubrication Oil for Gears
Lubrication Oil for InternalCombustion Engines
Sea Water (green)
Decontamination Water
Sanitary Sea Water
Ballast Water
Cooling Sea Water
For ships mixed with navigation (sea-river ships) all outside waters
Flammable Gases (yellow)
Hydrogen
Acetylene
Liquid Gas
Air in Ventilation Systems (white)
Discharge Air
Cold Mechanical Supply Air
Natural Exhaust
Atmospheric Air
Mechanical Exhaust Air
Decontaminated Supply Air
Mechanical Recirculated Air
Warm Mechanical Supply Air
Smoke Clearance
Conditioned Supply Air
Natural Supply Air
Fire Fighting/Fire Protection (red)
Fire-Fighting Water
Fire-Fighting Gas
Sprinkler Water
Spray Water
Fire-Fighting Powder
Fire-Fighting Foam
Fuel (brown)
Heavy Fuel (HFO)
Aviation Fuel
Biological Fuel
Gas-Turbine Fuel
Diesel Fuel (MDO)
Air & Sounding Pipes (maroon)
Waste Media
Fresh Water
Fuel
Sea Water
Non-Flammable Gases
Oil other than fuels
Steam
Fire Fighting
Acids, Alkalis
Ventilation System
Flammable Gases
Waste Media (black)
Black Water
Waste Oil/Used Oil
Bilge Water
Exhaust
Grey Water
Sewage, contaminated
Main Colors: for group of similar substance
• applied as an adhesive tape or sign
• painted on to the pipeline in transverse stripes
• painted on the pipeline on the total length
• width is wider than the additional color marking
Additional Colors: for specic substance
• should be surrounded by the main color
• width needs to be less than the main color marking width
Additional color markings may be added adjacent to a main color marking
on a pipe, when necessary, to distinguish between pipes marked with the
same main color listed, but carrying different types of medium.
Example: a pipe carrying diesel fuel oil and a pipe carrying heavy fuel oil.
MARKING OF PIPES• pipes with more than 200 mm outer diameter, label makes up
about half the circumference of the pipe
• pipes with 200 mm outer diameter or less, label makes up
the entire circumference of the pipe
• label bundled pipes individually
• arrows pointing in direction of ow
• pipes with ow in opposite directions at different times may
be marked with arrows pointing in opposite directions
• additional text to signify unambiguously the content and/or
function of the pipe
• color stripes need to be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe
ISO/DIS 14726 SEA VESSEL & MARINE PIPE MARkINg gUIDEIdentication of Colors for the Content of the Piping Systems according to ISO/DIS 14726
Acids, Alkalis (violet)
MARKER LOCATIONPipe markers shall be placed:
• at each penetration point in bulkheads, walls & decks
• every 3-5 meters of pipe length unless more frequent making is
needed due to pipe bends or proximity to other pipe sources.
• around the entire circumference of the pipe for 200 mm
diameter pipes (adhered at their ends by overtaping)
• once in each room
• close to each valveThis guide is for general information purposes only. I
is not a substitute for review of applicable standards
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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ABBR. SERVICE TYPE PIPE LABEL VALVE TAG BAND COLOR BACKGROUND AND LETTERING COLORS
CHWR Chilled Water Return CHWR (BLDG.)-CHV-##BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
CHWS Chilled Water Supply CHWS (BLDG.)-CHV-##
CWR Condenser Water Return CWR (BLDG.)-CWV-##GREEN GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
CWS Condenser Water Supply CWS (BLDG.)-CWV-##
CWGLR Chilled Water Glycol Return CWGLR (BLDG.)-CGLV-##
GOLD GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGCWGLS Chilled Water Glycol Supply CWGLS (BLDG.)-CGLV-##
HWGLR Hot Water Glycol Return HWGLR (BLDG.)-HGLV-##
HWGLS Hot Water Glycol Supply HWGLS (BLDG.)-HGLV-##
CTYW City Water CITY WATER (BLDG.)-CTWV-##
LIGHT BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
DCWR Domestic Cold Water Return DCWR (BLDG.)-DCV-##
DCWS Domestic Cold Water Supply DCWS (BLDG.)-DCV-##
DHWR Domestic Hot Water Return DHWR (BLDG.)-DHV-##
DHWS Domestic Hot Water Supply DHWS (BLDG.)-DHV-##
DRAIN Drains* DRAIN (BLDG.)-DRAIN-## BROWN REFER TO ANSI STANDARDS BELOW
DTR Dual Temp Return DTR (BLDG.)-DTV-##BLACK GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
DTS Dual Temp Supply DTS (BLDG.)-DTV-##
FO Fuel Oil FO (BLDG.)-FOV-## WHITE YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERINGHPR Heat Pump Return HPR (BLDG.)-HPV-##
TEAL GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERINGHPS Heat Pump Supply HPS (BLDG.)-HPV-##
LTHWR Low-Temp Hot Water Return LTHWR (BLDG.)-HWV-## YELLOW GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
LTHWS Low-Temp Hot Water Supply LTHWS (BLDG.)-HWV-##
MTHWR Medium-Temp Hot Water Return MTHWR (BLDG.)-MTV-##ORANGE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
MTHWS Medium-Temp Hot Water Supply MTHWS (BLDG.)-MTV-##
HTHWR High-Temp Hot Water Return HTHWR (BLDG.)-HTV-##RED GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
HTHWS High-Temp Hot Water Supply HTHWS (BLDG.)-HTV-##
STM Steam STEAM (BLDG.)-STV-##PINK YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
COND Condensate COND (BLDG.)-CNDV-##
NG Natural Gas GAS (BLDG.)-GASV-## GRAY YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
CA Compressed Air COMP AIR (BLDG.)-CAV-##
PURPLE BLUE BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING VAC Vacuum VACUUM (BLDG.)-VACV-##NOTE: Valve Tags need to comply with ANSI standards. Pipe Labels should be near valve to identify pipe content.
*There are no standards for Drains. Follow ANSI Standards for background and letter colors; abbreviations may vary by facility.
MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:
• to indicate direction of ow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• to be visible from the point of normal approach
• near valves, anges & changes in pipe direction
• both sides of ceiling, wall or oor penetrations
• at any line entry or re-entry point
• every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical*
• on straight pipe runs in intervals sufcient for identication
• Ammonia Only: minimum of 1 per area through which the refrigeration piping passes
*Every 40 feet for Ammonia pipe marking
RIGHT:
Orientation
of labels
RIGHT: Label
placement in
relation to point of
normal approach
NOTE: It is
recommended that
pipes less than .75" in
diameter, be labeled
with a permanent tag
COMMERCIAL BUILDINg PIPE MARkINg gUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/
ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identication of Pipes. A copy of ANSI/ASME A13.1-2007 Standards is needed.
The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides
a suggested standard used to label pipes with additiona
information. This guide is for general information purposes
only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHARTLetter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter
Outside Pipe Diameter
Including Covering
Minimum Length of
Label Field Color
Minimum Height
of Letters
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"
(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"
(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)
.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"
(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)
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