Cellular Parts
S7L2bRelate cell structure (cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.
Basic Cell Structure• Cell membrane• The thin flexible
boundary surrounding the cell
• Cytoplasm– The watery, jelly-like part
of the cell that contains salts, minerals and the cell organelles
• Genetic material (nucleus of most cells)– the area of the cell
where the DNA is stored– It regulates all the
cellular activities
Organelles
• Little organs• Small, specialized cellular subunits• Helps a cell to move molecules, create and
store energy, store information and perform many other functions
• Different kinds of cells have different organelles
Plant Cells Only in Plant Cells• Cell wall-rigid membrane
around plant cell; made of cellulose and provides shape and support.
• Plastids (chloroplasts, leukoplasts, chromoplasts) -used in photosynthesis and product storage; have double membrane and provide color and cellular energy
Bacteria CellsBacteria Cells Only
• Cilia- short, hair-like extensions on the surface of some cells used for movement and food gathering
• Flagella- long, whip-like extension on the surface of some cells used for movement
• No nucleus-genetic material found in the cytoplasm.
Basic Cell Organelles for Plants & Animals
• Vacuoles – Spherical storage sac for food and water• Cell membrane – membrane surrounding the cell that allows
some molecules to pass through• Golgi bodies- flattened membrane sacs for synthesis,
packaging and distribution • Mitochondria- rod-shaped double membranous structures
where cellular respiration takes place (energy is produced)• Endoplasmic Reticulum- folded membranes having areas with
and without ribosomes used for transport of RNA and proteins
• Nucleus- control center of the cell; location of hereditary information (DNA); surrounded by nuclear envelope
• Ribosomes- Structures that make proteins; found on ER in the cytoplasm
• Lysosomes- Spherical sac containing enzymes for digestive functions (breaks down old cell parts and waste)