Cellular Parts

S7L2bRelate cell structure (cell membrane,

nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.

Basic Cell Structure• Cell membrane• The thin flexible

boundary surrounding the cell

• Cytoplasm– The watery, jelly-like part

of the cell that contains salts, minerals and the cell organelles

• Genetic material (nucleus of most cells)– the area of the cell

where the DNA is stored– It regulates all the

cellular activities

Organelles

• Little organs• Small, specialized cellular subunits• Helps a cell to move molecules, create and

store energy, store information and perform many other functions

• Different kinds of cells have different organelles

Plant Cells Only in Plant Cells• Cell wall-rigid membrane

around plant cell; made of cellulose and provides shape and support.

• Plastids (chloroplasts, leukoplasts, chromoplasts) -used in photosynthesis and product storage; have double membrane and provide color and cellular energy

Bacteria CellsBacteria Cells Only

• Cilia- short, hair-like extensions on the surface of some cells used for movement and food gathering

• Flagella- long, whip-like extension on the surface of some cells used for movement

• No nucleus-genetic material found in the cytoplasm.

Basic Cell Organelles for Plants & Animals

• Vacuoles – Spherical storage sac for food and water• Cell membrane – membrane surrounding the cell that allows

some molecules to pass through• Golgi bodies- flattened membrane sacs for synthesis,

packaging and distribution • Mitochondria- rod-shaped double membranous structures

where cellular respiration takes place (energy is produced)• Endoplasmic Reticulum- folded membranes having areas with

and without ribosomes used for transport of RNA and proteins

• Nucleus- control center of the cell; location of hereditary information (DNA); surrounded by nuclear envelope

• Ribosomes- Structures that make proteins; found on ER in the cytoplasm

• Lysosomes- Spherical sac containing enzymes for digestive functions (breaks down old cell parts and waste)