7/17/2019 Chapt-01
1/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
2/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 2
The History of Mobile Radio Communication (1!"
1##$% Hert& ' Initial demonstration of practical radio communication 1#)% Marconi ' Radio transmission to a tu*boat o+er an 1# mi path 1,1% Detroit -olice Department% .. -olice car radio dispatch (, MH&
fre/uency band" 1!!% 0CC (0ederal Communications Commission" ' uthori&ed four
channels in the !$ to 2$ MH& ran*e
1!#% 0CC ' Ruled for re*ular ser+ice 123% 4ell Telephone 5aboratories ' 16, MH& (7imple8" 163% 0CC ' 26$ MH& (7imple8" 16% 4ell Telephone 5aboratories ' 7u**ested !, MH& band for hi*h
capacity mobile radio communication 132% 0CC ' 16, MH& (0ull Duple8" 132% 4ell Telephone 5aboratories ' cti+e research at #$$ MH& 13% 0CC ' 26$ MH& (0ull Duple8" 1)2% 0CC ' 2$ MH& band9idth allocation in the #$$ to $$ MH& ran*e 1#1% 0CC ' Release of cellular land mobile phone ser+ice in the 2$ MH&
band9idth in the #$$ to $$ MH& ran*e for commercial operation
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
3/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 3
The History of Mobile Radio Communication (,!"
1#1% T:T and RCC (Radio Common Carrier" reach an a*reement to
split 2$ MH& spectrum into t9o ,$ MH& bands; 4and belon*s to
non9ireline operators (RCC"< and 4and 4 belon*s to 9ireline
operators (telephone companies"; =ach mar>et has t9o operators;
1#,% T:T is di+ested< and se+en R4OCs (Re*ional 4ell Operatin*
Companies" are formed to mana*e the cellular operations
1#,% M0? (Modified 0inal ?ud*ment" is issued by the *o+ernment DO?;ll the operators 9ere prohibited to (1" operate lon*.distance
business< (," pro+ide information ser+ices< and (!" do
manufacturin* business
1#!% meritech system in operation in Chica*o
1#2% Most R4OC mar>ets in operation
1#3% 0CC allocates 6 MH& in e8tended band
1#)% 0CC ma>es lottery on the small M7 and all R7 licenses
1##% TDM (Time Di+ision Multiple ccess" +oted as a di*ital cellular
standard in North merica
1,% @7M (@roupe 7peciale Mobile" operable in @ermany D, system
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
4/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 4
The History of Mobile Radio Communication (!!"
1!% CDM (Code Di+ision Multiple ccess" +oted as another di*italcellular standard in North merica
12% merican TDM operable in 7eattle< Aashin*ton 12% -DC (-ersonal Di*ital Cellular" operable in To>yo< ?apan 12% T9o of si8 broadband -C7 (-ersonal Communication 7er+ice" license
bands in auction 16% CDM operable in Hon* Bon* 13% U7 Con*ress passes Telecommunication Reform ct 4ill 13% The auction money for si8 broadband -C7 licensed bands (1,$ MH&"
almost reaches ,$ billion U7 dollars 1)% 4roadband CDM considered as one of the third *eneration mobile
communication technolo*ies for UMT7 (Uni+ersal MobileTelecommunication 7ystems" durin* the UMT7 9or>shop conferenceheld in Borea
1% ITU (International Telecommunication Union" decides the ne8t*eneration mobile communication systems
(e;*;< A.CDM< cdma,$$$< etc"
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
5/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 55
Uni+ersal Cell -hone Co+era*e
Maintainin* the telephone number across
*eo*raphical areas in a 9ireless and mobile system
Microwave
Tower
Cell
Cincinnati
Aashin*ton< DC
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
6/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 6
0irst @eneration Cellular 7ystems and 7er+ices
1)$s De+elopments of radio and computer technolo*ies for
#$$$$ MH& mobile communications
1)3 ARC (Aorld dministrati+e Radio Conference" allocates
spectrum for cellular radio
1) NTT (Nippon Telephone : Tele*raph" introduces the firstcellular system in ?apan
1#1 NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone" $$ system introduced by
=ricsson Radio 7ystem 4 and deployed in 7candina+ia
1#2 M-7 (d+anced Mobile -hone 7er+ice" introduced by
T:T in North merica
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
7/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 7
7econd @eneration Cellular 7ystems and 7er+ices
1#, C=-T (Conference =uropeenne des -ost et Telecommunications" established @7Mto define future -an.=uropean cellular Radio 7tandards
1$ Interim 7tandard I7.62 (U7DC" adopted by TI (Telecommunications Industryssociation"
1$ Interim 7tandard I7.14 (NM-7" adopted by TI
11 ?apanese -DC (-ersonal Di*ital Cellular" system standardi&ed by the M-T
(Ministry of -osts and Telecommunications"
1, -hase I @7M system is operational
1! Interim 7tandard I7.6 (CDM" adopted by TI
12 Interim 7tandard I7.1!3 adopted by TI
16 -C7 5icenses issued in North merica
13 -hase II @7M operational
1) North merican -C7 deploys @7M< I7.62< I7.6
1 I7.62% North merica
I7.6% North merica< Hon* Bon*< Israel< ?apan< China< etc
@7M% 11$ countries
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
8/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 8
Third @eneration Cellular 7ystemsand 7er+ices (1,"
IMT.,$$$ (International Mobile Telecommunications.,$$$"%. 0ulfill ones dream of any9here< anytime communications
a reality;
Bey 0eatures of IMT.,$$$ include%
. Hi*h de*ree of commonality of desi*n 9orld9ide
. Compatibility of ser+ices 9ithin IMT.,$$$ and 9ith the
fi8ed net9or>s
. Hi*h /uality
. 7mall terminal for 9orld9ide use
. Aorld9ide roamin* capability
. Capability for multimedia applications< and a 9ide
ran*e of ser+ices and terminals;
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
9/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 9
Third @eneration Cellular 7ystemsand 7er+ices (,,"
Important Component of IMT.,$$$ is ability topro+ide hi*h bearer rate capabilities%
. , Mbps for fi8ed en+ironment
. !#2 Bbps for indooroutdoor and pedestrianen+ironment
. 122 >bps for +ehicular en+ironment; 7tandardi&ation Aor>%
. In processin* 7cheduled 7er+ice%
. 7tarted in October ,$$1 in ?apan (A.
CDM"
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
10/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 10
7ubscriber @ro9th
!@ 7ubscribers
,@ Di*ital only 7ubscribers
1@ nalo*ue only 7ubscribers
7ubs
cribers
1(($
1((1
1((,
1((!
1((2
1((6
1((3
1(()
1((#
1(((
,$$$
,$$1
,$$,
,$$!
,$$2
,$$6
,$$3
,$$)
,$$#
,$$(
,$1$
Eear
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
11/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 11
Macrocell
7uburban
Co+era*e spect of Ne8t @eneration Mobile
Communication 7ystems
Microcell
Urban
7atellite
@lobal
@lobal
-icocell
In.buildin*
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
12/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 12
Transmission Capacity
road!andradio
"lo!al#ystem$or%
o!ileComm&ni'ations
$;$1 $;1 1 1$ 1$$
Transmission capacity as a function of mobility in some radio access systems
Mob
ility
(niversal
%o!ile
)ele'omm&ni'at
ions #ystem
%o!ile road!and #ystem
road!and #atellite %<imedia
*o'al %<ipoint Distri!&tion #ystem
#atellite (niversal %o!ile)ele'omm&ni'ations#ystem
Data rate (Mbs"
7tationary
-edestrian
Fehicular
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
13/37Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 13
Aireless Technolo*y and ssociatedCharacteristics
Cellular
Aireless 5N-N
@-77atellite 4ased @-7
Home Net9or>in*
d Hoc Net9or>s7ensor Net9or>s
4luetooth
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
14/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 14
Medical and Healthcare Applications
TM
4ac>bone
Net9or>
TM
4ac>bone
Net9or>
-ossibility for Remote consultin*
(includin* udio Fisual communication"
TM 79itch
Aireless Remote
consultation from
mbulance
TM 79itch
RemoteDatabases
In Hospital
-hysician
7ensors on body
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
15/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 15
0undamentals of Cellular 7ystems
Illustration of a cell 9ith a mobile station and a base station
47
M7
CellM7
lternati+e
shape of a cell
Ideal cell area
(,.1$ >m radius"
He8a*onal cell area
used in most models
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
16/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 16
0DM (0re/uency Di+isionMultiple ccess"
User 1
User ,
User nG
Time
0re/uency
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
17/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 17
0DM 4and9idth 7tructure
1 , !G
n 0re/uency
Total band9idth
2
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
18/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 18
0DMChannel llocation
0re/uency 1User 1
0re/uency ,
User ,
4ase 7tation
0re/uency nUser n
G G
Mobile 7tations
TDM (Ti Di i i M l i l
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
19/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 19
TDM (Time Di+ision Multipleccess"
User1
User,
Usern
G
Time
0re/uency
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
20/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 20
TDM 0rame 7tructure
G
Time
0rame
1 , ! n2
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
21/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 21
TDM 0rame Illustration forMultiple Users
Time 1
Time ,
Time n
GG
4ase 7tation
User 1
User ,
User n
G
Mobile 7tations
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
22/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 22
CDM (Code Di+isionMultiple ccess"
Time
0re/uency
U
sern
Code
User1
User,
;;;
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
23/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 23
Transmitted and Recei+ed 7i*nals in a
CDM 7ystem
Information bits
Code at
transmittin* end
Transmitted si*nal
Recei+ed si*nal
Code at
recei+in* end
Decoded si*nal
at the recei+er
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
24/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 24
O0DM (Ortho*onal 0re/uencyDi+ision Multiple8in*"
Con+entional multicarrier modulation used in 0DM
Ortho*onal multicarrier modulation used in O0DM
0re/uency
0re/uency
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
25/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 25
0re/uency Hoppin*
0re/uency
f6
f2
f!
f,
f1
0rame 7lot
Time
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
26/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 26
Cellular 7ystem Infrastructure
47
7er+ice area (one"
=arly 9ireless system%Large zone
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
27/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 27
Cellular 7ystem% 7mall one
47 47
47 47 47
47 47
7er+ice area
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
28/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 28
-7TN
Home phone
47C
G
G G47C
G
47C
G
47C
G
47 M7 47 M7 47 M7 47 M7 47 M7 47M7 47M7 47 M7
M7C G M7C
M7< 47< 47C< M7C< and -7TN
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
29/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 29
Control and Traffic Channels
ase #tation +#
Forw
ard(d
ownlink)
contro
lcha
nnel
%o!ile #tation
+%#
Reve
rse(u
plink)
controlc
hann
el
Forw
ard(d
ownlink)
traffic
chan
nel
Reve
rse(u
plink)
traffic
chan
nel
Call 7etup from M7
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
30/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 30
Call 7etup from M7(Cell -hone" to 47
47 M7
1; Need to establish path
,; 0re/uencytime slotcode assi*ned
(0DMTDMCDM"
!; Control Information
c>no9led*ement
2; 7tart communication
7t f C ll 7 t f
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
31/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 31
7teps for Call 7etup from47 to M7
47 M7
,; Ready to establish a path
!; Use fre/uencytime slotcode
(0DMTDMCDM"
2; Ready for communication
6; 7tart communication
1; Call for M7 J pendin*
7i lifi d Ai l C i ti
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
32/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 32
7implified Aireless Communications7ystem Representation
Informationrecei+ed
(FoiceData"
Information
to be
transmitted(FoiceData"
Codin* Modulator Transmitter
Decodin* Demodulator Recei+er
ntenna
ntennaCarrier
Carrier
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
33/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 33
7atellite 7ystems
Traditional pplications
Aeather satellite
Radio and TF broadcastin*
Military satellites
Telecommunication pplications
@lobal telephone connections
4ac>bone for *lobal net9or> @-7
N t > hit t
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
34/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 34
Net9or> rchitecturesand -rotocols
7ystematic 7i*nalin* 7teps for Information
=8chan*e
Open 7ystems Interconnections (O7I"
Transmission Control -rotocol (TC-"
Internet -rotocol (I-"
Internet -rotocol Fersion 2 (I-+2"
Internet -rotocol Fersion 3 (I-+3" ' Aor> in
pro*ress
Mobile I-
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
35/37
Copyright 2011, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 35
d Hoc Net9or>
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
36/37
Copyright 2010, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved 36
Aireless 7ensor Net9or>s
7/17/2019 Chapt-01
37/37
Aireless 5N and -N
Aireless 5ocal rea Net9or> (5N" usin* the
I=== #$,;11
Hiper5N is a =uropean 7tandard Aireless -ersonal rea Net9or> (-N"
4luetooth
HomeR0
Recommended