Key Figures
Not really; Ben actually achieved a great deal more achievements
He was the cream of the crop when it came to the American Enlightenment
He got his humble start in his brother’s printing press in Boston in 1721
Left in 1723 to the best state, Pennsylvania, to pursue more intellectual discussions with the right people
Famous discoverer of Electricity, he actually didn’t like electricity until he found something useful for it.
Key Figures
George Whitefield Pretty much the most influential speaker
during the Great Awakening Gathered crowds of thousands of
people(don’t try to disprove this, his bro Ben[yea the Ben on the last slide] proved it mathematically)
Good use of the media, reporters followed him around everywhere just to write his tale
Spread the word in general but he himself was Calvinist
Fun Fa
ct: H
e was c
ross-eyed
Movements
Growth & Diversity The population of the colonies grew from
250,000 in 1700 to 2,150,000 in 1770, a 3% growth rate every year.
Due to severe disadvantages to the Scot-Irish, 150,000 immigrated to the colonies
Mennonites immigrated to the colonies in search for religious freedom(Protestants), then German Lutherans began to migrate there.
Movements
American Enlightenment Counterpart to the European version but
not quite as lively but still successful Americans had different viewpoint, Practical
over Theoretical, usefulness was more emphasized
Ideals concerning religion were largely denied and excluded
EOTD(Enlightener of the Decade): Benjamin Franklin
Movements
The Great Awakening Started in 1730’s with John Edwards, had
the info but not the charisma[tough luck] to sustain the movement
George Whitefield brought it back in the 1750’s where it made a much larger impact.
So great was the enthusiasm for their preaching's, in order to preserve them many “New Light” groups founded Universities of that purpose i.e; Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth, Rutgers.
Movements
Evangelicalism was on the rise due to Methodist and Calvinist preaching's at the hand of many revivalists
Even took root with African Americans as Expressive Evangelicalism
Gave optimism to those in America, thinking that God would light the way
Imperial Wars
King William’s War New king of England, William III, declared
war on France Pretty much a useless war, since there was
no benefit for the colonists, just 2 bigwigs waving their flags around.
Ended with Treaty of Ryswick in 1697
Imperial Wars
Queen Anne’s War Started over a squabble of who succeeded
who (classic) Fought on three separate fronts in the
colonies A slightly useful war but mostly to Britain,
gained Hudson Bay, Acadia, & Newfoundland and except to consolidate power in the area
Ended in 1713 with Treaty of Utrecht
Imperial Wars
King George’s War For the first time Americans actually got a
sense of pride, since they took Louisburg Another war but with a twist, also was
started by an ear(a real human ear) showed to the world that colonists could stand
effectively militarily Britain angered everyone when their treaty
gave back Louisburg to the French
Imperial Wars
This war finally brings up the big question: Why are we fighting so many damn times!
Answer: Because we told you to. Even though the colonists were proud to be
British subjects, they didn’t understand why their concerns were so blatantly ignored.
Imperial Wars
Albany plan of Congress It was Benjamin Franklin’s grand idea to
unite all of the colonies against one threat: I R O Q U I S ! ! ! & France
It would have been accepted by colonists at first if it was not for one word [spoiler]TAXATION[/spoiler]
Either it was destined to doom because Parliament would never allow for fiscal authority it would grant them
Surprise Fact: Took place in Albany
Imperial Wars
Seven Year’s War The infamous French & Indian war, due to
Washington’s earlier expedition which fueled the flames
Would have been just another imperial war had it not been for William Pitt, the new head of the ministry.
His bold new strategies called for the war to be decided in North America, due to raw materials and mercantile logistics
Imperial Wars
To succeed Pitt took command of the army and navy himself, while promoting the young and ambitious in the army to ranks higher than their former superiors(good choice)
Jeffery Amherst and James Wolfe were appointed to take over NA operations, proved successful after French fort after fort fell, even Louisburg fell back into colonial hands
Climax was the Battle of Quebec, when Major Gen. Wolfe [heroically] took Quebec while dying, died when he heard that French retreated[melodrama]
Imperial Wars
War finally ended once the French army surrendered in Montreal to Amherst.
The Treaty of Paris that was signed on February 10, 1763 pretty much gave Britain a worldwide empire. They gained French Canada, Florida, and any land east of the Mississippi River. France was left with Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Caribbean sugar islands.
Finally colonists felt they had participated in a war worth winning, only because they got a lot of land.