CHAPTER 4 FRONTIERS OF EMPIRE

Bernardo Bohorquez

Key Figures

Benjamin Franklin

Nuff’ said

Key Figures

Not really; Ben actually achieved a great deal more achievements

He was the cream of the crop when it came to the American Enlightenment

He got his humble start in his brother’s printing press in Boston in 1721

Left in 1723 to the best state, Pennsylvania, to pursue more intellectual discussions with the right people

Famous discoverer of Electricity, he actually didn’t like electricity until he found something useful for it.

Key Figures

George Whitefield Pretty much the most influential speaker

during the Great Awakening Gathered crowds of thousands of

people(don’t try to disprove this, his bro Ben[yea the Ben on the last slide] proved it mathematically)

Good use of the media, reporters followed him around everywhere just to write his tale

Spread the word in general but he himself was Calvinist

Fun Fa

ct: H

e was c

ross-eyed

Movements

Growth & Diversity The population of the colonies grew from

250,000 in 1700 to 2,150,000 in 1770, a 3% growth rate every year.

Due to severe disadvantages to the Scot-Irish, 150,000 immigrated to the colonies

Mennonites immigrated to the colonies in search for religious freedom(Protestants), then German Lutherans began to migrate there.

Movements

Movements

American Enlightenment Counterpart to the European version but

not quite as lively but still successful Americans had different viewpoint, Practical

over Theoretical, usefulness was more emphasized

Ideals concerning religion were largely denied and excluded

EOTD(Enlightener of the Decade): Benjamin Franklin

Movements

The Great Awakening Started in 1730’s with John Edwards, had

the info but not the charisma[tough luck] to sustain the movement

George Whitefield brought it back in the 1750’s where it made a much larger impact.

So great was the enthusiasm for their preaching's, in order to preserve them many “New Light” groups founded Universities of that purpose i.e; Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth, Rutgers.

Movements

Evangelicalism was on the rise due to Methodist and Calvinist preaching's at the hand of many revivalists

Even took root with African Americans as Expressive Evangelicalism

Gave optimism to those in America, thinking that God would light the way

Movements

Quite reminiscent of the 60’s

Imperial Wars

King William’s War New king of England, William III, declared

war on France Pretty much a useless war, since there was

no benefit for the colonists, just 2 bigwigs waving their flags around.

Ended with Treaty of Ryswick in 1697

Imperial Wars

Queen Anne’s War Started over a squabble of who succeeded

who (classic) Fought on three separate fronts in the

colonies A slightly useful war but mostly to Britain,

gained Hudson Bay, Acadia, & Newfoundland and except to consolidate power in the area

Ended in 1713 with Treaty of Utrecht

Imperial Wars

Aftermath of Queen Anne’s War

Imperial Wars

King George’s War For the first time Americans actually got a

sense of pride, since they took Louisburg Another war but with a twist, also was

started by an ear(a real human ear) showed to the world that colonists could stand

effectively militarily Britain angered everyone when their treaty

gave back Louisburg to the French

Imperial Wars

This war finally brings up the big question: Why are we fighting so many damn times!

Answer: Because we told you to. Even though the colonists were proud to be

British subjects, they didn’t understand why their concerns were so blatantly ignored.

Imperial Wars

The only memorable thing of the war

Imperial Wars

Albany plan of Congress It was Benjamin Franklin’s grand idea to

unite all of the colonies against one threat: I R O Q U I S ! ! ! & France

It would have been accepted by colonists at first if it was not for one word [spoiler]TAXATION[/spoiler]

Either it was destined to doom because Parliament would never allow for fiscal authority it would grant them

Surprise Fact: Took place in Albany

Imperial Wars

Seven Year’s War The infamous French & Indian war, due to

Washington’s earlier expedition which fueled the flames

Would have been just another imperial war had it not been for William Pitt, the new head of the ministry.

His bold new strategies called for the war to be decided in North America, due to raw materials and mercantile logistics

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The oh-so great William Pitt the Elder

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To succeed Pitt took command of the army and navy himself, while promoting the young and ambitious in the army to ranks higher than their former superiors(good choice)

Jeffery Amherst and James Wolfe were appointed to take over NA operations, proved successful after French fort after fort fell, even Louisburg fell back into colonial hands

Climax was the Battle of Quebec, when Major Gen. Wolfe [heroically] took Quebec while dying, died when he heard that French retreated[melodrama]

Imperial Wars

War finally ended once the French army surrendered in Montreal to Amherst.

The Treaty of Paris that was signed on February 10, 1763 pretty much gave Britain a worldwide empire. They gained French Canada, Florida, and any land east of the Mississippi River. France was left with Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Caribbean sugar islands.

Finally colonists felt they had participated in a war worth winning, only because they got a lot of land.

Imperial Wars

Result of French & Indian War