comma conundrums
Friday, May 13, 2011
comma conundrums
7 easy step
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the comma
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the comma
2 main functions for the reader:
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the comma
2 main functions for the reader:
words that go together
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the comma
2 main functions for the reader:
words that go together
which part most important
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1
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Introductory bits 1
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Introductory bits
setting off
main subject
main verb
1
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1
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3 types of introductory bits1
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3 types of introductory bits
small1
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3 types of introductory bits
small
medium
1
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3 types of introductory bits
small
medium
large
1
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3 types of introductory bits
small
medium
largenever stand alone as complete thought
1
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3 types of introductory bits
small
medium
largenever stand alone as complete thought
introduce main subject and verb
1
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1
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e.g. small1
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e.g. small
Generally, research has been inconclusive.
1
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e.g. small
Generally, research has been inconclusive.
Moreover, they have been conducted without much thought.
1
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1
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e.g. medium1
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e.g. medium
In fact, our research was inconclusive
1
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e.g. medium
In fact, our research was inconclusive
Throughout his early life, he investigated the relation between trees and roots
1
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e.g. medium
In fact, our research was inconclusive
Throughout his early life, he investigated the relation between trees and roots
Frankly speaking, I completely disagree with his statement
1
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1
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e.g. large1
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e.g. largeIf you discover that you feel nauseated, then you know you’ve tried my Clam Surprise.
1
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e.g. largeIf you discover that you feel nauseated, then you know you’ve tried my Clam Surprise.
As far as I am concerned, all research that has come before this has been a waste of time
1
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FANBOYS2
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FANBOYSFor
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
Nor
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
Nor
But
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
Nor
But
Or
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
2
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FANBOYSFor
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
2
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2 FANBOYS
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ForAndNorButOrYetSo
2 FANBOYS
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2
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Function = connectors2
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Function = connectors
They connect
2
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Function = connectors
They connect
words
2
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Function = connectors
They connect
words
phrases
2
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Function = connectors
They connect
words
phrases
and clauses
2
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Function = connectors
They connect
words
phrases
and clauses
like this:
2
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2
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Words: I am almost dressed and ready.2
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Words: I am almost dressed and ready.
Phrases: My socks are in the living room or under my bed.
2
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Words: I am almost dressed and ready.
Phrases: My socks are in the living room or under my bed.
Clauses: They smell really bad, so they will be easy to find.
2
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Words: I am almost dressed and ready.
Phrases: My socks are in the living room or under my bed.
Clauses: They smell really bad, so they will be easy to find.
2
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2
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Look carefully!
2
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Look carefully!
Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments, but he didn’t do anything else.
2
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2
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
,
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
but FANBOYS
,
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
but
he didn’t do anything else
FANBOYS
,
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in comparison
2
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2
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
but FANBOYS
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2Johnson (1982) carried out numerous experiments
but
didn’t do anything else
FANBOYS
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Test
if the second grouping of words isn’t a complete thought, don’t use a comma
Try reading the words after FANBOYS all by themselves.
Do they make a complete thought?
2
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The dreaded comma splice3
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The dreaded comma splice
No FANBOYS but COMMA causes
3
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The dreaded comma splice
No FANBOYS but COMMA causes
a comma splice or run-on sentence
3
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The dreaded comma splice
No FANBOYS but COMMA causes
a comma splice or run-on sentence
3
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3
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e.g.3
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e.g.
Johnson (1982) conducted research, it was well organized
3
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e.g.
Johnson (1982) conducted research, it was well organized
BAD
3
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e.g.
Johnson (1982) conducted research, it was well organized
BAD
Extremely bad
3
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e.g.
Johnson (1982) conducted research, it was well organized
BAD
Extremely bad
One of those things Editors love to seek out!
3
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e.g.
Johnson (1982) conducted research, it was well organized
BAD
Extremely bad
One of those things Editors love to seek out!
Don’t do it!!!!!
3
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3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
Make each clause a separate sentence
3
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
Make each clause a separate sentence
3Johnson (1982) conducted research, and it was well organized
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1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
Make each clause a separate sentence
3Johnson (1982) conducted research, and it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research; it was well organized
Friday, May 13, 2011
1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
Make each clause a separate sentence
3Johnson (1982) conducted research, and it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research; it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research because it was well organized
Friday, May 13, 2011
1-2-3-4 Fix it!
Add FANBOYS
Change comma for semicolon
Add subordinate (because, while, although, if, when, since)
Make each clause a separate sentence
3Johnson (1982) conducted research, and it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research; it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research because it was well organized
Johnson (1982) conducted research. It was well organized
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FANBOYS fakers4
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FANBOYS fakers
However, therefore, moreover, and other words like them are not FANBOYS
4
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FANBOYS fakers
However, therefore, moreover, and other words like them are not FANBOYS
(conjunctive adverbs)
4
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FANBOYS fakers
However, therefore, moreover, and other words like them are not FANBOYS
(conjunctive adverbs)
They ACT as FANBOYS (between 2 thoughts)
4
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FANBOYS fakers
However, therefore, moreover, and other words like them are not FANBOYS
(conjunctive adverbs)
They ACT as FANBOYS (between 2 thoughts)
Punctuation is different
4
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Why?
4
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4
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Doesn’t matter!4
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Doesn’t matter!
(Adverbs don’t join independent clauses into one sentence)
4
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Doesn’t matter!
(Adverbs don’t join independent clauses into one sentence)
4
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Doesn’t matter!
(Adverbs don’t join independent clauses into one sentence)
recognize
4
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Doesn’t matter!
(Adverbs don’t join independent clauses into one sentence)
recognize
and make the right choice
4
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4
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2 good choices4
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2 good choices
Check 2 complete thoughts on both sides
4
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2 good choices
Check 2 complete thoughts on both sides
if yes
4
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2 good choices
Check 2 complete thoughts on both sides
if yes
4
Make 2 sentences
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2 good choices
Check 2 complete thoughts on both sides
if yes
4
Make 2 sentences Semicolon after 1st thought
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See the difference: BAD4
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See the difference: BAD4Evidence was found, however it was not useful in
our experiments A, B, and C.
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See the difference: BAD4Evidence was found, however it was not useful in
our experiments A, B, and C.
Evidence was found, however, it was not useful in our experiments A, B, and C.
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See the difference: GOOD4
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See the difference: GOOD4Evidence was found; however, it was not useful in
our experiments A, B, and C.
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See the difference: GOOD4Evidence was found; however, it was not useful in
our experiments A, B, and C.
Evidence was found. However, it was not useful in our experiments A, B, and C.
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X,Y, and Z5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
short list of things
5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
short list of things
last comma before and or or
5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
short list of things
last comma before and or or
is never wrong!
5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
short list of things
last comma before and or or
is never wrong!
When the list is long and complicated
5
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X,Y, and Z
Comma between items in a list
short list of things
last comma before and or or
is never wrong!
When the list is long and complicated
always a comma
5
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5
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EITHER: 5
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EITHER:
You can buy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.5
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EITHER:
You can buy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
OR:
5
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EITHER:
You can buy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
OR:
You can buy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
5
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EITHER:
You can buy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
OR:
You can buy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
BUT ALWAYS:
5
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EITHER:
You can buy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
OR:
You can buy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness in Los Angeles.
BUT ALWAYS:
A good student listens to his teachers without yawning, reads once in a while, and writes papers before they are due.
5
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Describers6
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Describers
If you have two or more adjectives
6
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Describers
If you have two or more adjectives
(words that describe)
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Describers
If you have two or more adjectives
(words that describe)
and not joined by and
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6
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e.g.
Johnson was a careless, intelligent, nutty professor.
6
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Interrupters7
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Interrupters
Two commas can be used to set off additional information that appears within the sentence but is separate from the primary subject and verb of the sentence.
7
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7
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Separate the main point7
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Separate the main point
text between commas not necessary to understand rest of the sentence
7
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Separate the main point
text between commas not necessary to understand rest of the sentence
thus....
7
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Separate the main point
text between commas not necessary to understand rest of the sentence
thus....
you could do without
7
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7
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e.g.
Bob Mills, a sophomore from Raleigh, was the only North Carolina native at the Japanese food festival in Cary.
or.
There was, however, still a lot to be done in the way of setting up the experiment.
7
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7
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compare:7
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compare:7Evidence was found, however, it was not useful.
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compare:7Evidence was found, however, it was not useful.
There was, however, still a lot to be done in the way of setting up the experiment.
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compare:7Evidence was found, however, it was not useful.
There was, however, still a lot to be done in the way of setting up the experiment.
Friday, May 13, 2011