Dyslexia Scotland RoadshowAngus
22 May 2012
What is dyslexia?
What is dyslexia?
• Mr Krook, the eccentric marine store dealer, has a wall pasted with hand-written alphabets to try and teach himself to read. The law clerk, Jobling says: ‘read, he’ll never read. He can make out all the letters separately but he cannot put them together.’
What is dyslexia?Dyslexia can be described as a continuum of difficulties in learning to read, write and/or spell, which persist despite the provision of appropriate learning opportunities. These difficulties often do not reflect an individual’s cognitive abilities and may not be typical of performance in other areas.
What is dyslexia?
The impact of dyslexia as a barrier to learning varies in degree according to the learning and teaching environment, as there are often associated difficulties such as:
What is dyslexia?• auditory and/or visual processing of
language-based information• phonological awareness• oral language skills and reading
fluency• short-term and working memory• sequencing and directionality• number skills• organisational ability
What is dyslexia?Dyslexia exists in all cultures and across the range of abilities and socio-economic backgrounds. It is a hereditary, life-long, neurodevelopmental condition. Unidentified, dyslexia is likely to result in low self esteem, high stress, atypical behaviour, and low achievement.
What is dyslexia?Learners with dyslexia will benefit from early identification, appropriate intervention and targeted effective teaching, enabling them to become successful learners, confident individuals, effective contributors and responsible citizens.
Scottish Government/Dyslexia Scotland/Cross party Group on Dyslexia
What is dyslexia?
• Dyslexia is a processing difference experienced by people of all ages, often characterised by difficulties in literacy.
Gavin Reid
Some key facts
Some key facts
• One person in ten (over 500,000 people in Scotland) is thought to be dyslexic and of these one in four could be severely dyslexic.
Some key facts
• Difficulties can range from mild to severe and individual profiles can be very different, each with strengths and weaknesses.
Some key facts
• Dyslexic people often have natural talents, creative abilities and vision.
Some key facts
• Dyslexia can occur at any level of intellectual ability.
Some key facts
• Dyslexic people can face difficulties in both education and employment
Some key facts
• Early recognition, appropriate timely intervention, good structured multi-sensory teaching and additional support for learning contribute to success.
General Checklist
• Family history
General Checklist
• Family history of difficulties• Good orally but difficulty in
writing the answer
General Checklist
• Family history• Good orally but difficulty in
writing the answer• Difficulty with reading/spelling
General Checklist
• Family history• Good orally but difficulty in
writing the answer• Difficulty with reading/spelling• Letters/numbers the wrong way
round, for example b/d or 15/51
General Checklist
• Reads a word correctly but fails to recognise it further down the page
General Checklist
• Reads a word correctly but fails to recognise it further down the page
• Spells a word in different ways
General Checklist
• Reads a word correctly but fails to recognise it further down the page
• Spells a word in different ways• Confusion of left/right
General Checklist
• Reads a word correctly but fails to recognise it further down the page
• Spells a word in different ways• Confusion of left/right• Clumsy
General Checklist
• Reads a word correctly but fails to recognise it further down the page
• Spells a word in different ways• Confusion of left/right• Clumsy• Poor sense of rhythm/rhyme
General Checklist
• Poor concentration
General Checklist
• Poor concentration• Badly organised
General Checklist
• Poor concentration• Badly organised• Difficulty planning stories/essays
General Checklist
• Poor concentration• Badly organised• Difficulty planning stories/essays• Difficulty taking notes
General Checklist
• Poor concentration• Badly organised• Difficulty planning stories/essays• Difficulty taking notes• Difficulty with time/tenses
General Checklist
• Poor concentration• Badly organised• Difficulty planning stories/essays• Difficulty taking notes• Difficulty with time/tenses• Can’t follow a series of
instructions
Screening
Dyslexia Scotland:
Assessing Dyslexia Toolkit
www.frameworkforinclusion.org/AssessingDyslexia/
Areas to look at
• Nutrition
• Visual
• Auditory
• Exercise
Nutrition
• A good diet
• Additives?
• Essential fatty acids
Visual
Visual• The letters go all blurry• The letters move around so I
can’t tell which is which• The letters seem to float over the
page• The letters move in and out of
the page• The letters split and go double
Visual• The ‘c’ moved over the ‘r’ so it
looked like another ‘c’• ‘d’s and ‘b’s sort of get the
wrong way round• The ‘p’ joined up with the ‘c’• The words go all glary• I keep losing my place• Blurring of print
Common visual symptoms• Difficulty moving from one line
to the other• Movement of words or letters• Short visual concentration span• ‘guessing’ words• Rubbing of eyes• Headaches/migraines• Seeing non-existent blotches or
diamonds
The rivers effectReading by the Colours: Overcoming Dyslexia and Other Reading
Disabilities Helen Irlen
The Seesaw effectReading by the Colours: Overcoming Dyslexia and Other Reading Disabilities
Helen Irlen
The Swirl EffectReading by the Colours: Overcoming Dyslexia and Other Reading Disabilities
Helen Irlen
Visual
Coloured overlays, coloured lensesand coloured paper can help.
Auditory
Some of the problems• Difficulty following sequential
directions• Difficulty with dictated information• Difficulty with background noise• Slow to respond to questions or
directions• Gives inappropriate answers to
simple questions• Has or has had a speech problem
Auditory
Right temporal lobe
Left temporal lobe
Corpus callosum
Auditory
Left hemisphere responsible for sequential, detailed part of language:
formants > phonemes > words > sentences
Auditory
Right hemisphere mainly responsible
for
intonation, pitch, stress pattern
Auditory
• The sounds don’t always meet up
• The sounds cross
• Background noise gets in the way
Sound therapy
• It is designed to stimulate the nerve pathways into and within the brain - in particular the areas dealing with language - and thus improve language processing abilities.
Exercise
Exercise
Exercises for co-ordination:
What does it feel like to be dyslexic?
Reading
Spelling
Spelling
• ovious
Spelling
• ovious
• probaly
Spelling
• ovious
• probaly
• permant
Spelling
• ovious
• probaly
• permant
• competive
Spelling
• ovious
• probaly
• permant
• competive
• sporting
Spelling
• obedions
Spelling
• obedions
• herowins
Spelling
• obedions
• herowins
• orthority
Spelling
• obedions
• herowins
• orthority
• lugsureus
Spelling
• obedions
• herowins
• orthority
• lugsureus
• nshore
Spelling
• perchsin
Spelling
• perchsin
• sjest
Spelling
• perchsin
• sjest
• spishus
Spelling
• perchsin
• sjest
• spishus
• enkuriged
Spelling
• perchsin
• sjest
• spishus
• enkuriged
• inagsptabal
Spelling Test
Spelling Test
•ohot
Spelling Test
•ohot•wilf
Spelling Test
•ohot•wilf•veresece
Spelling Test
•ohot•wilf•veresece•noinsions
Spelling Test
•ohot•wilf•veresece•noinsions•neurij
Spelling Test
•cloeshon
Spelling Test
•cloeshon•cachataball
Spelling Test
•cloeshon•cachataball•expnash
Spelling Test
•cloeshon•cachataball•expnash•theacher
Spelling Test
•cloeshon•cachataball•expnash•theacher•oriadanlaty
Spelling Test
•incored
Spelling Test
•incored•obdunses
Spelling Test
•incored•obdunses•eriginaligy
Spelling Test
•incored•obdunses•eriginaligy•extrusurher
Spelling Test
•incored•obdunses•eriginaligy•extrusurher•awkuging
Spelling Test
•expurpation
Spelling Test
•expurpation•yun
Spelling Test
•expurpation•yun•trininalagy
Spelling Test
•expurpation•yun•trininalagy•arecinatatey
Spelling Test
•expurpation•yun•trininalagy•arecinatatey•xx
Spelling Test
•ohot
Spelling Test
•ohot what
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresece
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresece various
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresece various•noinsions
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresece various•noinsions nonsense
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresece various•noinsions nonsense•neurij
Spelling Test
•ohot what•wilf wealth•veresy various•nosins nonsense•neurij encouraged
Spelling Test
•cloeshon
Spelling Test
•cloeshoncollection
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection
•cachatball
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable
•expnash
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher feature
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher feature•oriadanlaty
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher feature•oriadanlaty originality
Spelling Test
•incored
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged
•obdunses obedience
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience
•eriginaligy
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality•extrusurher
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality•extrusurher extinguisher
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality•extrusurher extinguisher
•awkuging
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality•extrusurher extinguisher
•awkuging arguing
Spelling Test
•expurpation
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation
•yun young
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young
•trininalagy
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young•trininalagy originality
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young•trininalagy originality•arecinatatey
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young•trininalagy originality•arecinatatey originality
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young•trininalagy originality•arecinatatey originality•xx
Spelling Test
•expurpation explanation•yun young•trininalagy originality•arecinatatey originality
•xx excess
Spelling Test•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher feature•oridanlaty originality
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality •extrusurher extinguisher
•arecinataty originality
Spelling Test
Spelling Test
•cloeshon collection•cachatball charitable•expnash explanation•theacher feature•oridanlaty originality
Spelling Test
•incored encouraged•obdunses obedience•eriginaligy originality•extrusurher extinguisher
•oriadanlaty originality
Writing
Writing
•I am trying very hard to copy this down quickly and correctly but it is very difficult.
Writing
•I keep losing my place and sometimes the words seem to be in a different order.
Writing
•Everyone else seems to do it far more quickly than I can.
Writing
Reading and understanding the
question….
If there are five apples on a plate and you take three away, how many apples do you have?
A farmer has sixteen sheep and all but nine die. How many sheep does he have left?
Is it legal for a man to marry his widow’s sister?
How many two-pence stamps are there in a dozen?
James has two British coins which together add up to 55 pence. One is not a 50 pence piece. What are the coins?
Make one word out of the letters NEW DOOR. (You must use all the letters.)
Remember …….
Dyslexia-friendly teaching is good for
all pupils!
And finally …….
You don’t have to be a specialist to make a
difference.
And finally …….
YOU can make a difference!!
www.dyslexiascotland.org.uk