EARTHQUAKEQENGINEERING
1.1. Introduction
1.1. Definitions
1.2. Earthquake Hazards
Earthquake Engineering 1.1.Definitions
Earthquake Engineering■ q g g• can be defined as the branch of engineering devoted to mitigating
earthquake hazards. In this broad sense, earthquake engineeringcovers the investigation and solution of the problems created bycovers the investigation and solution of the problems created bydamaging earthquakes, and consequently the work involved in thepractical application of these solutions, i.e. in planning, designing,constructing and managing earthquake-resistant structures andconstructing and managing earthquake resistant structures andfacilities.
■ Scope• Seismicity ,Nature, Measures and Recording of earthquakes.• Planning for Seismic Risk Assessment & Mitigation• Analysis, Design and Construction of Earthquake Resistant
Structures• Evaluation of Buildings for Earthquake Resistance• Retrofitting of Earthquake damaged Structuresg q g• Earthquake Management and Security
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■ An Earthquake
Earthquake Engineering 1.1.Definitions
• is the motion or vibration, sometimes violent, of the earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in the earth’s crust. This energy can be
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■ An Earthquake
generated by a sudden dislocation of segments of the crust, by a volcanic eruption, or even by manmade explosions.
■ Sources of Ground Movements• Tectonic Earthquakes• Volcanoes• Explosions• Collapse of Mines & Large Reservoirs• Tsunami
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Failure of Slopes■ Failure of Slopes
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Occurrence of Fire■ Occurrence of Fire
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Building Collapse■ Building Collapse
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Bridge Collapse■ Bridge Collapse
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Land Slide■ Land Slide
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■ DisturbanceEarthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
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■ Specific Failures
Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
■ Specific Failures
Collapse of the first storey and damageCollapse of the first storey and damage due to pounding between adjacent buildings during the Kocaeli earthquake, Turkey, August 17, 1999, Magnitude 7 4
Collapse of a high-rise building because of failure of the columns at the first storey d i th Chi Chi th k T i Magnitude 7.4 during the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, September 20, 1999, Magnitude 7.6
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May 2008 China EarthquakeEarthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
y qDate : May 12, 2008, 14:28
Magnitude : 8 0 Richter Scale Earthquake
Location : Sichuan, China
Magnitude : 8.0 Richter Scale Earthquake
Death : 69,016
Missing :18,627
Displaced :15 006 341
Injured : 373,573
Displaced :15,006,341
School Destroyed : 6,898
Rescue workers : 130,000
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
4.5M homes destroyed
Some counties completely wiped off the map
More than 11M people Displaced At this momentAt this moment
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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards
Thousands of tents are needed
Food and water are neede
M di l li d dMedical supplies are needed
Dr.Tharwat Sakr