EARTHQUAKEQENGINEERING

1.1. Introduction

1.1. Definitions

1.2. Earthquake Hazards

Earthquake Engineering 1.1.Definitions

Earthquake Engineering■ q g g• can be defined as the branch of engineering devoted to mitigating

earthquake hazards. In this broad sense, earthquake engineeringcovers the investigation and solution of the problems created bycovers the investigation and solution of the problems created bydamaging earthquakes, and consequently the work involved in thepractical application of these solutions, i.e. in planning, designing,constructing and managing earthquake-resistant structures andconstructing and managing earthquake resistant structures andfacilities.

■ Scope• Seismicity ,Nature, Measures and Recording of earthquakes.• Planning for Seismic Risk Assessment & Mitigation• Analysis, Design and Construction of Earthquake Resistant

Structures• Evaluation of Buildings for Earthquake Resistance• Retrofitting of Earthquake damaged Structuresg q g• Earthquake Management and Security

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■ An Earthquake

Earthquake Engineering 1.1.Definitions

• is the motion or vibration, sometimes violent, of the earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in the earth’s crust. This energy can be

d b dd di l i f f h b

■ An Earthquake

generated by a sudden dislocation of segments of the crust, by a volcanic eruption, or even by manmade explosions.

■ Sources of Ground Movements• Tectonic Earthquakes• Volcanoes• Explosions• Collapse of Mines & Large Reservoirs• Tsunami

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Failure of Slopes■ Failure of Slopes

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Occurrence of Fire■ Occurrence of Fire

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Building Collapse■ Building Collapse

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Bridge Collapse■ Bridge Collapse

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Land Slide■ Land Slide

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■ DisturbanceEarthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

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■ Specific Failures

Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

■ Specific Failures

Collapse of the first storey and damageCollapse of the first storey and damage due to pounding between adjacent buildings during the Kocaeli earthquake, Turkey, August 17, 1999, Magnitude 7 4

Collapse of a high-rise building because of failure of the columns at the first storey d i th Chi Chi th k T i Magnitude 7.4 during the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, September 20, 1999, Magnitude 7.6

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May 2008 China EarthquakeEarthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

y qDate : May 12, 2008, 14:28

Magnitude : 8 0 Richter Scale Earthquake

Location : Sichuan, China

Magnitude : 8.0 Richter Scale Earthquake

Death : 69,016

Missing :18,627

Displaced :15 006 341

Injured : 373,573

Displaced :15,006,341

School Destroyed : 6,898

Rescue workers : 130,000

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

4.5M homes destroyed

Some counties completely wiped off the map

More than 11M people Displaced At this momentAt this moment

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Earthquake Engineering 1.2.Seismic Hazards

Thousands of tents are needed

Food and water are neede

M di l li d dMedical supplies are needed

Dr.Tharwat Sakr