Grammar Review
Unit 1 - 2
PHRASES
•Group of words
•Sing [1 word]
•Singing in the rain
•NOT a complete sentence
ADD SOME WORDS TO FORM A PHRASE
Cat - a cat on a hot tin roof
Bookstore - bookstore around the corner
Candies - a bag of delicious pink candies
CLAUSES [DETAILS IN COMPLEX SENTENCE]
•Subject + verb
•Two [2] types
•Main [Independent] clause
•Can stand alone
•Subordinate clause
•FRAGMENT if stands alone
SENTENCES
•Simple sentence
•Compound sentence
•Complex sentence
SIMPLE SENTENCE
•Minimum of a subject & a verb
•Independent clause = can stand alone
•A cat sat on a mat
•The cat was sleeping
COMPOUND SENTENCE
•Two [2] simple sentences joined together with
•Coordinating conjunction
•FANBOYS
•Comma [,] between clauses
EXAMPLE
•Odie is about to have a hotdog, and Garfield is standing behind him.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
•For - because || Yet - but
•I will love the light, for it shows me the way, yet I will love the darkness because it shows me the stars.
•Nor - and [in negative]
•A gem is not polished without rubbing, nor is a man perfect without trials.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
•Main clause & subordinate clause
•Main clause can stand alone
•Subordinate clause CANNOT
EXAMPLE
•I don’t like to go out when it rains.
•I don’t like to go out - main clause as it makes sense when standing alone
•when it rains - subordinate clause since it causes FRAGMENT when standing alone
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
•Adverb clause
•Relative clause
•Noun clause
ADVERB CLAUSE
•Used as modifier to the main clause
•Time: before, after, when
•Condition: if, unless, provided that
•Reason: because, as, since
•Concession: although
EXAMPLE
•Although time seems to fly, it never travels faster than one day at a time. -- Steve Malabori
•I will search for you through a thousand worlds and ten thousand lifetimes until I find you. -- 47 Ronin
RELATIVE CLAUSE
•Function as an adjective to the noun that precedes
•The company is hiring a new programmer who has experience in Java program.
•The girl whose cat is missing is very sad.
RELATIVE PRONOUN
•Who/whom
•Which
•Where
•When
•Why
•That
NOUN CLAUSE
•Function as a noun in a sentence
•Do you know where we are?
•I can’t believe that you are so mean.
•What she said is totally wrong.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
•2+ independent clauses AND
•1+ dependent clause[s]
•While Jane is waiting for her friend, Jill, who is always late, she has a good time watching people walking by, and she quite likes this time to herself.