Environmental Satellite Processing Center (ESPC) Update
Vincent TaborOffice of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)/
Mission Operations Division (MOD)NOAA/NESDISAugust 5, 2014
Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)
• Manage and direct NOAA’s 24x7 environmental satellite operations, the distribution of environmental data and derived products to domestic and foreign users, and associated services.
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NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) Key Roles
NSOF
Ground System Command & Control, Ingest, Product Generation and Distribution for the nation’s 14 environmental satellites– 3 Geostationary (GOES) by NOAA– 3 Polar-Orbiting (POES) by NOAA– 6 Defense Meteorological Satellite
Program (DMSP) operated by NOAA– 1 OSTM Jason-2 (Ocean Surface
Topography Mission) Joint NOAA, NASA, CNES, EUMETSAT effort
– 1 Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) by NOAA & NASA
• Pre-Launch and Post-Launch Testing
• Operational Testing, Validation, Verification, and Transition
• Product Generation and Distribution
• User Readiness• Long-Term Continuity of Products
and ServicesNOAA Satellite and Infor Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
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NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)
• Locations at four facilities housing:• NOAA Satellite Operations Facility
(NSOF) in Suitland• NOAA Center for Weather & Climate
Prediction (NCWCP) in College Park, MD• Wallops Command and Data Acquisition
Station (CDA) Wallops, VA• Fairbanks Command and Data
Acquisition Station (CDA) Fairbanks, AK
Wallops CDA
Fairbanks CDA
NCWCP
NOAA Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
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Satellite Constellations
5NOAA Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
NOAA Geostationary Satellite (GOES)
Weather sentinel – constant monitoring of:
HurricanesSevere storms
NOAA Polar Satellite (POES)Global data necessary for medium and long range weather forecasting
Air Force Polar Satellite (DMSP)
•U.S. Air Force program operated by NOAA
Similar to the POES satellites
GOES-15135° West
GOES-1375° West
On-orbitSpare
GOES-1260° West
2 p.m. Orbit
10 a.m. Orbit
Satellite Information Flow
National Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, & Information Service (NESDIS)
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Fairbanks GroundStation - POES
Wallops GroundStation - GOES
Customers
Environmental Satellite Processing Center
Process and Distribute
Non-NOAA (Jason, DMSP, Meteosat, MTSAT,
EOS, COSMIC, others)
Command and Control
Satellite Operations Control Center
Office of Systems Development (OSD)
Ground SystemsIT Enterprise Architecture
Archive and Access(CLASS)
NESDIS Data Centers
DataProducts
Product DevelopmentAlgorithm Development
Science Maintenance
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)
Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)METOP-B (AM)
POES NOAA-19 (PM)
GOES-15 (West) GOES-13 (East)
Also:GOES-14 (Standby)POES-18/15S-NPP (Now Prime)
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GOES On-Orbit ConfigurationCurrent as of July 2014
GOES-15 GOES-14 GOES-13
Launched: 3/2010
Located: 135W
GOES-WEST
Launched: 6/2009
Located: 105°W
On-Orbit Storage
Launched: 5/2006
Located: 75°W
GOES-EAST
GOES-14
GOES-15
GOES-13
GOES-12
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Payload Instrument
GOES-13(East)
Launch: May 06Activation: Apr 10
GOES-14(Storage)
Launch: Jun 09Activation:
GOES-15(West)
Launch: Mar 10Activation: Dec 11
Imager G G G
Sounder Y (6) G Y (9)
Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) G G G
Magnetometers G G G
High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector (HEPAD) G G G
X-Ray Sensor (XRS) R (7) G G
Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) Y (8) G G
Spacecraft Subsystems
Telemetry, Command & Control G G G
Attitude and Orbit Control G G G
Inclination Control G G G
Propulsion G G G
Mechanisms G G G
Electrical Power G G G
Thermal Control G G G
Communications Payloads G G G
Key Operational
Operational with limitations
Non-operational
G
R
Y
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Performance Status
July 2, 2013
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S-NPP Declared Prime
S-NPP declared as the primary afternoon satellite on May 1st, 2014NOAA-19 assumed a Primary Services Mission Role (ADCS, SARSAT
and SEM)Metop-B primary morning
Metop-A data also processing and distributed near real time
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Decision Criteria – based on Key Performance Parameters
Data Maturity- reached a mature stage- validated for operational use
User Readiness- ready to use within the end user’s systems
Information System Readiness- ground systems are operational and covered under an ATO.- Includes JPSS CGS and ESPC (NDE – eventually NDE 2.0 /
PDA)
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Mission Systems Status
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Operational (or capable of)
Operational with limitations (or standby)
Operational with degraded performance
Not functional
Spacecraft S-NPP
Launch Date Oct 28, 2011
Mission Category LTAN 1330 (PM)
Payload Instruments Status
ATMS G
CERES G
CrIS G
OMPS – Nadir G
OMPS – Limb G
VIIRS G
Spacecraft Subsystem Status
TLM, Command & Control G
ADCS G
EPS G
Thermal Control G
Communications G
CDP G
SCC G
GPS G
1553 G
1394 G
S-NPP Data Exploitation (NDE) Mission
The NDE Project’s primary mission is to provide near real time products derived from S-NPP observations to NOAA’s operational and climate communities and other civilian and U.S. government users.
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NDE
NDEJPSS Ground Systems
Command and Control
Operational User
Community
Archive and Access
NDE EnhancedProducts
Quality Control
Real-time Delivery
GenericNPPData
NDE will be a critical link to achieve return on the NPP and JPSS investment
NOAAScience Center
(operated in ESPC)
Process
Ingest
NPP
JPSS 1
NDE 1.0 system consists of 3 hardware (HW) environmentsOperations Environment (PE-1)
17 Sep 2013: Handed over to OSPO
Test Environment (PE-2) 20 June 2014: Handed over to OSPO
Development (DEV) Environment NDE environment and shared with OSPO and STAR
System Description Overview
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NDE 1.0 (PE-1)Operational
System
External UsersNWS (AWIPS)
NWS/NCEPSupercomputer
EUMETSAT
EUMETcast
GTS
RMDCN
150+ Sub
scribers
JMA
Other GTS Users
India CMC
NDE Data Distribution at ORR (09/17/13)
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3 Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) operational
NDEOperational
System
Internal
NIC Servers
CoastWatch Servers
GCOM Server
Okeanos OPS Server
POLAR ServerNWS (AWIPS)
EUMETSAT
NWS/NCEPSupercomputer
STAR
EUMETcast
GTS
RMDCN
150+ Sub
scribers
GTS Users
RMDCN
Users
NUCAPS VM Server
VIIRSDIST Server
SST1 VM Server
Prodmon Server
Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC)
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
India NCMRWF
AFWA (DAPE)
NASA (GSFC)
NWS/NCEP Processing and Dissemination Services (NPDS)
System
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA)
NASA (JPL)
ExternalNational Weather Service
Telecommunications Gateway (NWSTG)
NDE Data Distribution (May 2014)
20 Observational Parameters operational
Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue
NOAA Near-Real Time Priorities: JPSS
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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRs
CrIS ATMS AMSR-2/3 VIIRS
EDRs
VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature Green Vegetation FractionPolar WindsOcean Color/Chlorophyll
AMSR-2Sea Surface Temperature
ATMSLand Surface Emissivity
Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs
OMPS-L OMPS-NP CERES
EDRs
CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile
ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water
CrISOutgoing Longwave RadiationInfrared Ozone Profile
OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total ColumnOzone Limb Profile
CERESReflected Solar Radiation
VIIRSSea Ice CharacterizationSnow CoverActive FiresSuspended MatterCloud Cover/LayersCloud MaskCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Top HeightCloud Effective Particle Size
AMSR-2Sea Surface Wind SpeedSea Ice CharacterizationCloud Liquid WaterPrecipitable WaterSoil MoisturePrecipitation Type/RateSnow Cover/DepthSnow Water Equivalent
Supplemental Low
EDRs
ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile
CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)
VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness Aerosol Particle SizeVegetation IndexLand Surface TypeLand Surface TemperatureSurface AlbedoCloud Top TemperatureCloud Top PressureCloud Base HeightIce Surface TemperatureQuarterly Surface TypeVegetation Health Product Suite
AMSR-2Surface Type
NOAA Near-Real Time NOAA-19
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RDRs, TDRs, and SDRs
HIRS/4 AMSU-A MHS AVHRR/3
EDRs
AVHRRImagerySea Surface Temperature Green Vegetation FractionPolar WindsOcean Color/Chlorophyll
AMSU-A and MHSLand Surface Emissivity
Additional Capabilities:ADCS DataSARSAT Data
RDRs, TDRs, and SDRs
SBUV/2
EDRs
CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile
AMSU-A, MHSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water
CrISInfrared Ozone Profile
SBUVNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total ColumnOMPS Limb Profile
AVHRRSea Ice CharacterizationSnow CoverActive FiresSuspended MatterCloud Cover/LayersCloud MaskCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Top HeightCloud Effective Particle Size
EDRs
AMSU-A and MHSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile
CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)
AVHRRAerosol Optical Thickness Vegetation IndexSurface AlbedoCloud Top TemperatureCloud Top PressureVegetation Health Product Suite
Aerosol Particle SizeLand Surface TypeLand Surface TemperatureCloud Base HeightIce Surface TemperatureQuarterly Surface Type
AVHRR and HIRS
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Additional Capabilities:SEM-2 DataAVHRR Absorbed Solar Energy AVHRR Available Solar Energy
S-NPPObservable Parameters Operational within NESDIS Today
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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRsCrIS ATMS
EDRs
VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature
Polar Winds
AMSR-2
ATMSLand Surface Emissivity
Additional Capabilities:
Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs
EDRs
CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile
ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water
CrIS
OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total Column
CERES
Supplemental Low
EDRs
ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile
CrIS
VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness
AMSR-2
VIIRS
AMSR-2
Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue
NOAA Near-Real Time Priorities: JPSSObservable Parameters Operational within NESDIS in FY14
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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRsCrIS ATMS AMSR-2 VIIRS
EDRs
VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature
Green Vegetation FractionPolar Winds
AMSR-2Sea Surface Temperature
ATMSLand Surface Emissivity
Additional Capabilities:
Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs
EDRs
CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile
ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water
CrIS
Infrared Ozone Profile
OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total Column
CERES
VIIRSSea Ice CharacterizationSnow Cover
AMSR-2Sea Surface Wind Speed
Cloud Liquid WaterPrecipitable Water
Precipitation Type/Rate
Supplemental Low
EDRs
ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile
CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)
VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness
Vegetation Index
AMSR-2
Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue
ATMS and CrIS SDRs provided in near real-time to NWP Centers: NCEP, EUMETSAT/ECMWF, CMC – data are re-broadcast via GTS and EUMETcast.
Select VIIRS imager (375m resolution) channels sent to NWS Alaska Region via AWIPS Satellite Broadcast Network (SBN) – used in analysis for aviation, marine and public forecasts above 600 North and for sea ice analysis. Plans in the near future are to add the Near Constant Contrast that will cover the
entire US, Alaska, Puerto Rico and Hawaiian region
S-NPP imagery (moderate channels and DNB) from direct readout used by NWS Alaska Region Forecast Offices (Anchorage & Fairbanks).
(SNPP) Operational Applications
Volcanic ash plume (Kamchatka Peninsula)
Ash plume
Image of Alaska (day-night band)
NOAA Partnered Update:Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) W-1
The GCOM-W1 launched May 18, 2012 and is the first satellite for the GCOM-W series
The AMSR2 continues Aqua/AMSR-E observations The NOAA JPSS Office (NJO) is providing funding to operationally generate and
make available AMSR2 SDR and EDR products to support NOAA’s needs APID Sorted Data Files delivered via sFTP from Svalbard to NSOF- July 2012
RDRs generated in IDPS and delivered to CLASS Delivery of RDRs to OSPO ESPC (i.e., NDE)- March 2013
Pre-operational - OSPO ESPC performs generation of SDRs and EDRs New products expected to go operational later this year
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GCOM W1 is 15-195 seconds ahead AQUA, and 370 seconds ahead CloudSat
Product Distribution SegmentCurrently NDE, DDS & SATEPSDIST PDA will replace all near real-time distribution except
McIDAS/ADDEReduction of Stovepipes:
First foundational wall of a modern, sustainable distribution enterprise
Build for tomorrow:A “Private Cloud” with processing speed of modular
architectures; loosely-coupled and abstracted services; high bandwidth
Align with real user-access and data use paradigms of other 21st century data systems. (Secure; standards-based; intuitive; intelligent product servicing)
Product Distribution and Access (PDA)
Integration & Test (I&T) System at NSOF/CBUCurrently in placeLimited functionality primarily data transfer and securityCurrently integrating users and data providers
Operational SystemsFull functionalityPrimary system at NSOF – COOP site at CBU in Fairmont WVOperational Readiness Review (ORR) planned for August of
2015Operations with S-NPP data will commence with JPSS Block 2.0
Operations date targeted for November 2015 – January 2016
PDA Implementation Schedule
PDA Context & Architecture: CI ViewESPCPDA
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Product Data
Providers
PDA
Ancillary Data Providers
Gateway (GW)
Data Distribution & Access (DDA)
Common Infrastructure
Management (CIM)
ESPC
GOES-R GS PG
Hardware (HW)
EUMETSAT
NCEP NWS/FOS
FSL/FOS FNMOC
NCOF (UK) USNO
NPP/IDPS NESDIS-IMS
NSIDC NHC
Product Data Providers
GOES-R
GOES
POES
MSG
MTSAT
SNPP/JPSS
Status & Events
Product Data Consumers
NWS NMFS
NOS NESDIS
NIC DoD
CLASS Others
Ancillary Data Consumers
GOES-R GS PG
Legacy GOES PG
Legacy POES PG NDE PG
Satellite Data and Products
Ancillary Data
Ancillary
Data
Satellite Data
and Product
s
Subscriptions & Ad-Hoc
Requests
NIC
CSG/IDPS JPSS
Direct Readout Comparisons
GOES I-P GOES-R
Full Disk Image 30 minutes 5 minutes
Imager bands 5 16
Visible 1 kilometer 0.5 kilometer
Near Infrared N/A 1 kilometer
Infrared 4 kilometer 2 kilometer
Bit Depth 10 bits 12 bits – Visible, 14 bits Infrared
Raw Instrument Data 2.62 Mbps ~ 100 Mbps (ABI: ~60Mbps)
Space Weather ~100 kbps 3.5 - 4Mbps
Geostationary Lightning Mapper N/A 7.5 Mbps
Telemetry 4 kbps 1, 4 & 32 kbps
Planned Data Outage >300 hrs/yr <2 hrs/year
GRB/GVAR 2 Mbps 31 Mbps
HRIT/EMWIN LRIT: 128 kbpsEMWIN: 19.2 kbps
400 kbps
DCS 233 simultaneous downlinks 466 simultaneous downlinks
SARSAT 36 dBm uplink power 32 dBm uplink power (will be able to detect emergency beacons with weaker signals)
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Acronyms• ABBA Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm• ABC American Broadcasting Company (news media)• ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy• ADA Anartica Data Acquisition• A-DCS, ADCS Advanced Data Collection System (EUMETSAT)• ADM Atmospheric Dynamics Mission• ADT Advanced Dvorak Technique• AFWA Air Force Weather Agency (located at Offutt AFB Nebraska)• A-HRPT Advanced Hight Resolution Picture Transmission• AM Ante Meridian (Morning)• AMSR-E Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (NASA) • AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit (AMSU-A and AMSU-B)• AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-A Temperature Sounder• AMSU-B Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-B Moisture Profiler• APT/LRPT Automatic Picture Transmission Low Resolution Direct Readout • AQUA NASA EOS satellite• ARGOS DCSARGOS Data Collection System• ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer (MetOp satellite instrument producing marine surface wind data)• ATCF Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecast• ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder• ATO Authorization To Operate• ATOVS Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (NOAA/NESDIS)• AVHRR Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometer• BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data
(WMO) (data product file format)• C2 COSMIC-2
Acronyms
• CDA Command and Data Acquisition (NOAA stations)• CDC Center for Disease Control (U.S.)• CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection (NOAA/NESDIS, ESPC back-up site Wallops Island,
VA)• CLAVR-X Clouds from AVHRR Extended• CNES Centre National D’etudes Spatiales (France)• CONOPS Concept of Operations• COMS Communications• COPC Committee for Operational Processing Centers• COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere & Climate• CrIS Cross Track Infrared Sounder • CY Calendar Year• DAPE Data Acquisition, Processing, Exchange • DB APT Direct Broadcast Automatic Picture Transmission• DB HRPT Direct Broadcast High Resolution Picture Transmission • DCS Data Collection System• DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program• DOC/GC Department of Commerce/General Counsel• DoD Department of Defense• DSCOVR NASA satellite – Solar Wind Mission• EOS Earth Observing System (NASA)• EPS Energetic Particle Sensor• ESA European Space Agency• ESPC Environmental Satellite Processing Center (NOAA Suitland, MD)
Acronyms• eTRaP Ensemble Tropical Rainfall Potential• EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (located in Darmstadt,
Germany)• FAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)• FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)• FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act (U.S.)• FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (Monterey, CA)• FY Fiscal Year • GCOM Global Change Observation Mission• GDR Geophysical Data Records (Jason-2)• GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite• GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment• GPSRO GPS Radio Occultation (COSMIC-related)• GRACE Gravity recovery and Climate Experiment (METOP)• GRAS Global Navigation Satellite System (METOP)• GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA, Greenbelt, MD)• GSIP GOES Surface and Isolation Product• HEPAD High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector• HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (data from POES satellite)• HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission (data from POES satellite)• IASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (NOAA/NESDIS)• IATO Interim Authorization To Operate• ISRO Indian Space Research Organization (India)
Acronyms
• IT Information Technology• IWP Ice Water Path (MIRS product)• JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency• JPSS Joint Polar Satellite System (operates JPSS1 & JPSS2 satellites)• JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA)• km Kilometer• LAC Local Area Coverage (data from POES AVHRR)• M2/A METOP-A satellite• Mbps Megabits per second• MBps Megabytes per second• McIDAS Man-computer Interactive Data Access System• METOP Meteorological Operation (METOP A, B, C series EUMETSAT satellites)• MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder (NOAA/NESDIS)• MIRS Microwave Integrated Retrieval System , Version 5 (NOAA/NESDIS)• MOA Memorandum of Agreement• MODIS Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (NASA data product)• MSPPS Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System• MTSAT-1R & 2 Multi-functional Transport Satellites (1R and 2) (Japan Meteorological Agency)• N/A Not Applicable• NAM North American Model• NASA National Atmospheric and Space Administration• NASA/JPL NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory• NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office (located at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi)• NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA)• NDE NPOESS Development and Exploitation• NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA)• netCDF4 Network Common Data Form, Version 4 (data product file format)
Acronyms
• NGDC National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA)• NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce)• NOAA GS NOAA Government Service• NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System• NPP NPOESS Preparatory Project• NPR Nation Public Radio (news media)• NSOF NOAA Satellite Operations Facility (located in Suitland, MD)• NWP Numerical Weather Prediction• NWS National Weather Service (NOAA)• OceanSAT2 Remote sensing satellite (India)• OIG Office of the Inspector General (Dept of Commerce)• OSD Office of Systems Development• OSPO Office of Satellite Products and Operations• OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission (onboard the JASON-2 Satellite, CNES) • PAC Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction • PEPS Post EUMETSAT Polar System• PGF Product Generation Facility• PM Post Meridiem• POES Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites• PSDI Product Systems Development and Implementation• Qtr, Q Calendar Quarter• RR Rain Rate (MIRS product))• RWP Rain Water Path (MIRS product)• SAC-C RO Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C Radio Occultation (Argentina)• SAN Storage Area Network• SAR Search and Rescue• SARP Search And Rescue Processor• SARR Search And Rescue Repeater
Acronyms• SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (NOAA)• SBUV/2 Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet Radiometer, Version 2 (Ozone instrument on POES satellite)• S/C Spacecraft• SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor• SEM Space Environment Monitor• SEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (METEOSAT-9 satellite)• SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager• SSM/IS Special Sensor Microwave/Imager Sounder (DMSP)• SST Sea Surface Temperature• STAR Center for Satellite Application and Research (NOAA/NESDIS)• SVL Svalbard, Norway• SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center• SXI Solar X-Ray Imager• TBD To be determined• TERRA NASA EOS satellite • TMI TRMM Microwave Imager • TRaP Tropical Rainfall Potential (related to eTRaP)• tVCDUs t Virtual Channel Data Unit• UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research• U.S., USA United States of America\• USAF United States Air Force• UTC Universal Time Coordinated• UV Ultraviolet• VA Virginia• VAAC Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center• VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite• XRS X-Ray Sensor