EUKARYOTIC Heterotrophic:
• saprobes• parasites• symbiotic • Decomposers
most are multicellular CW: CHITIN
extracellular digestion • secrete enzymes
STRUCTURES:• hyphae
cell wall made of chitin septa/cross walls
incomplete or perforated
• Mycelium
reproduce asexually• spores• hyphae fragmentation
reproduce sexually • spores (sporangiophores)• Hyphae (- and +)
BASED on:• modes of reproduction• basic structure
PHYLUM Oomycota(FUNGUS-LIKE) PHYLUM Zygomycota PHYLUM Ascomycota PHYLUM Basidiomycota PHYLUM Deuteromycota
Zygomycetes /conjugation fungi zygosporangia 1,050 spp. Saprobic Parasitic many are important symbionts of
vascular plants
hyphae aseptate asexual reproduction: spore
formation sexual reproduction: conjugation
(+/- mating strains) zygospore e.g. molds:Rhizopus (black bread
mold)
ascomycetes/sac fungi largest group of fungi (30,000 spp.) produces two kinds of spores:
• sexual spores ascospores (inside the ascus)
• asexual spores conidia (naked)
STRUCTURES:• asci • ascocarp
hyphae septate• multinucleate (perforated)
most saprobic some pathogens of plants (Dutch elm
disease, chestnut blight, ergot)
e.g. yeasts (unicellular) cup fungi powdery mildews blue and green molds Ophiostoma ulmi (causes Dutch elm
disease) Microsphaera (powdery mildew)
basidiomycetes/club fungi 25,000 spp. sexual reproduction basidiospores
formed on club-shaped basidia
some produce asexual spores conidia
hyphae septate fruiting body basidiocarp diverse in shape/structure e.g. mushrooms
earthstar (Geastrum) stinkhorns rusts (parasites of wheat, barley, oats
& other crop plants) smuts (attack corn, wheat, oats,
barley and rye)
imperfect fungi sexual reproductive phase e.g. Penicillium (produces the
antibiotic penicillin) ringworm athletes foot