Genetic Engineering &Transgenic.
Moses OkelloJr. MSc. (Ag. Biotechnology)Reg No. 0015
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Detailed process of Genetic Engineering & Transgenic formation.
Benefits of Genetic Engineering
•Presentation Summary
Introduction: Definition of G.E and History
Current Status citing Example & Statistics
Future Prospects (R&D Pipeline)
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The term refers to the manipulation of Plant genome to achieve a desired goal.
Our major focusWe must get the DNA: Into the cellIntegrate into the genomeExpress (Everywhere or controlled)
Genetic EngineeringIntroduction
Two main approaches for plant G.E
Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer ( most commonly used method for Engineering crop plants) because of its ability to transfer DNA between itself and Plants
Pioneered by J. Schell (Max Plank Inst., CologneDirect gene transfer
Introduction
• The history of manipulation dates back since man Began planting crops, about 10,000 years! It is even mentioned in the Bible.• Foreign genes were first introduced in plants in the Early 1980’s• 1983-first transgenic plant (Tobacco) Expressing Kanamycin resistance produced • 1986-first field trial for G.E plants established in France & U.S.A• 1994-Flavr Savr tomato approved for public, making it the
first G.M whole plant commercialized
History
• 1995-Bt Potato approved safe by the environmental Protection agency.(first pesticide producing crop approved in the U.S)
• 2009-11 transgenic crops grown commercially in 25 countries
•Cont
• Isolation of gene of interest from a source organism
• Develop functional transgenic construct• Insertion of transgene into ti-plasmid• Introduction of the t-DNA containing plasmid
into Agrobacterium• Mixing of the transformed Agrobacterium
with plant cells to allow transfer of t-DNA into the Plant Chromosome
• Regeneration of the transformed cells into GM Plant
• Testing for trait performance/transgene expression at the Laboratory, Green House, and Field trials
Genetic Engineering ProcessAgrobacterium mediated Plant Transformation
Genetic Engineering Process
Manipulation of Plant Genome
Chart Title
The Gene Gun
Applications
Insect-, pathogen-, and herbicide-resistant plants Stress- and senescence-tolerant plants Genetic manipulation of flower pigmentation Modification of plant nutritional content Modification of plant food taste and appearance Plant as bioreactors (Therapeutic agents,
Antibodies) Edible vaccines Renewable energy crops Plant yield
Chart Title
Current Status of Transgenic Global Area under Cultivation
Future Prospects
Biofuel production will be the next greatest application of G.E for efficient biological production of bio
Thanks
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