GIFTS / IOMI Overview GIFTS / IOMI Overview W. L. Smith (NASA Langley Research Center)W. L. Smith (NASA Langley Research Center)
UW MURI Workshop – Madison Wisconsin (May 14-15, 2002)UW MURI Workshop – Madison Wisconsin (May 14-15, 2002)
GIFTSGIFTS
4-d Digital Camera:4-d Digital Camera:
•
A revolutionary weather A revolutionary weather forecasting tool forecasting tool
Horizontal:Horizontal: Large area format Focal Plane detector Arrays
Vertical:Vertical: Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Time: Time: Geostationary Satellite
New Technology for Atmospheric Temperature, Moisture, & Winds
• Two 128x 128 Infrared focal plane detector arrays with 4 km footprint size
• One 512 x 512 Visible focal plane detector array with 1 km footprint size
• Field of Regard512 km x 512 km at satellite sub-point
• 11 second full spectral resolution integration time per Field of Regard
GIFTS Sampling CharacteristicsGIFTS Sampling Characteristics
High Spectral Resolution SoundingHigh Spectral Resolution Sounding
Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Provides Simultaneous Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Provides Simultaneous Measurement of the Vertical DimensionMeasurement of the Vertical Dimension
Michelson Interferometer (FTS) Interferogram
Radiance SpectrumVertical Sounding
Source
Fixed Mirror
MovingMirror
BeamSplitter
Detector
Fourier Transformation
Numerical Inversion
d1
d2
(d2-d1)
Shortwave IR Focal Plane: (4.4 to 6.1 microns)
• Water vapor sounding
• Carbon Monoxide profiling
• Boundary layer temperature sounding
• Surface temperature
• Stratus cloud detection
GIFTS IR MeasurementsGIFTS IR Measurements
Wavenumber(cm-1)
Wavelength (m)
Wavenumber(cm-1)
Wavelength (m)
Longwave IR Focal Plane:
(8.8 to 14.6 microns)• Temperature sounding
• Ozone profiling
• Cloud altitude
• Surface temperature
• “Invisible” cirrus cloud detection
High Resolution (1km) Visible Imagery:
– cloud and surface features
– land-mark navigation
GIFTS Visible MeasurementsGIFTS Visible Measurements
Rapid Full Disk &
Regional Views
Roadmap to Next GenerationRoadmap to Next Generation
Studies Laboratory Demonstration
Future Geo-Sats
Aircraft
Water Vapor Tracer Wind Demonstration
GIFTS-IOMI
NASA Technology Transfer & Measurement Concept
Validation
NavyImage Product Utility
to the Fleet
NOAANext Generation
Geo-SatelliteApplications Readiness
Revolutionary Weather Observationsby Next Generation Operational
Meteorological Satellite Systems
Science & Technology Infusion
GIFTS-IOMI BenefitsGIFTS-IOMI Benefits
NASA NASA GIFTS Instrument &
Supporting Technologies(~105 M)
NavyNavySpacecraft &
Instrument Lifetime Enhancements
(~70 M)
NOAANOAAUS Ground System, Algorithms, Data
Processing & Archive(~40 M)
ContributionsContributions
Air Force (STP) Air Force (STP) Launch Vehicle &Launch Services
(~65 M)
Australia (BoM)Australia (BoM)IO Ground System, Data Processing & Archive
(~20 M)
Revolutionary Weather Observations Validation of Next Revolutionary Weather Observations Validation of Next Generation Geostationary Meteorological Satellite SystemGeneration Geostationary Meteorological Satellite System
(~300 M)
GIFTS-IOMI Project ConceptGIFTS-IOMI Project Concept
Imaging InterferometerCryogenic Michelson Interferometer
Laser Metrology System
On-Board Calibration
LFPA and Cryogenic Cooling128 x 128 Infrared Detector Arrays
Redundant Cryo-Coolers
High Speed Signal ProcessingRad-Hard Analog to Digital Converters
PowerPC Rad750
Data Compression Rad-Hard Processors
Pointing and ControlStar Tracker
512 x 512 Visible Detector Array
Lightweight Optics
SiC Telescope
TECHNOLOGY
VALIDATION
Indian Ocean Ops
NASA - Demonstrate Wind Sounding Measurement Concept & Validate the Technologies
NOAA - Demonstrate Operational Utility & Infuses Technology into NOAA instruments
Navy - Provides Advanced Imaging/Sounding Data Products for Fleet Operations
INFUSION
NOAA Product Assessment Plan
WallopsJCSDA
CIMSS
HPC
SPCAWCWFO
AFO
HFO
(Archive)
GIFTS-IOMI Mission SummaryGIFTS-IOMI Mission Summary E. Pacific, W. Atlantic, Indian Ocean – MC Validation - Impact on prediction of NA Winter Storms.
Research data sets during THORpex - Impact on nowcasting and numerical prediction of severe convective storm development and hurricane formation, track, and landfall position forecasts - Impact on support of Navy fleet and other DoD tactical operations - Impact on Australian region mesoscale predictions - Asian Monsoon life cycle research data sets - Impact on global numerical weather prediction - Geostationary satellite support of EOS science missions (i.e., Aqua Train Cloud/Aerosol Radiation Feedback Mission and Aura CHEM mission).
Data to Naval Centers/Fleet Demo
Data to Naval Centers/Fleet Demo
CONUS “1”CONUS “1” Indian Ocean “3”Indian Ocean “3”
Naval Shipboard and Shore AssetsNaval Shipboard
and Shore Assets
DOE ARMDOE ARMValidation SiteValidation Site
DOE ARMDOE ARMValidation SiteValidation Site
CONUS “2”CONUS “2”
NOAA/NASAData CentersNOAA/NASAData Centers
AustralianAustralian Data CenterData Center
“1” “2” “3”
GIFTS at IOMI Position (75 E)GIFTS at IOMI Position (75 E)
Horizon
Comm limit, 5 degrees above horizon
First doubling(Sounding limit)
Comm limit, 11 degrees above horizon
GIFTS Fills Important Data Void
GIFTS-IOMI(USA)75º E
Global Sounding-Imagery: 422 Steps
Spe
ctra
l Res
olut
ion:
16c
m-1
Hi Res. Sounding Regional: 144 Steps
Spe
ctra
l Res
olut
ion:
0.6
cm-1
Hi Res. Mesoscale Sounding: 36 Steps
Spe
ctra
l Res
olut
ion:
0.6
cm
-1
“Global” Hi Res. Sounding: 300 Steps
Spe
ctra
l Res
olut
ion:
0.6
cm
-1
GIFTS Example Modes of Operation Assumes 0.83cm/11sec Michelson mirror scan velocity plus 1sec scene mirror step time
1 Hr 1/2 Hr(Sounding-Imagery < 5 min)
7 min(Sounding-Imagery < 1 min)
10 Min
Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (1)Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (1)
3 m/s
>50 Channels
(4-6 Levels)
Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (2)Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (2)
Trace Gas Dust/Aerosol Transport Tropospheric
Addressing Operational Navy METOC PrioritiesAddressing Operational Navy METOC Priorities
A. Reliable IO Imagery
B. Active Sensor Program for MBL – (note: GIFTS will provide ocean skin temperature and MBL T &q)
C. High Refresh Imagery
D. Multi-Spectral Hyper-Spectral Imagery – (note: IR sfc emissivity spectrum can be used
to characterize surface conditions)
E. Tropospheric T, q, and V Sounder
Back-UpExperimental Validation of Measurement Capabilities
“ “GIFTS” Capabilities - Aircraft ValidationGIFTS” Capabilities - Aircraft Validation
ER-2Proteus
NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed- Interferometer ( NAST-I ) Spectral Range: 3.5 - 16 Microns
Spectral Resolution: >2000 (0.25cm-1)
NAST-I spectral coverage encompasses that of GIFTS
CrIS
CO2
O3
H2ON2OCO2
CON2OCH4
H2O
GIFTS-SW
GIFTS-LW
H2OCO2
O3
N2O
CH4
CO
N2O
CO2
H2O
H2O
GIFTS
NAST-I
Spectral Coverage ComparisonSpectral Coverage Comparison
Radiosonde ValidationRadiosonde Validation
Alt
itu
de
(km
)
Relative H
um
idity (%
)
Distance (75 km)
3km
Andros Is. Bahamas, Sept 12, 1998
NASTRaob
ARM CART-Site Sounding Validation
CD
A
BSpace & Time
Variability
Spatial (~22km) & Temporal (~2-3hr) Temperature Variation Over Purcell
Sfc Temp (21Z)
Sfc Temp (19Z)
P
P
VERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONSVERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONS
NOV 30 NOV 30NOV 30
DEC 05DEC 05 DEC 05
Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)
This flight demonstrates the ability to observe the spatial moisture structure below a scattered
and semi-transparent Cirrus cloud cover
14.9
13.816.0 UTC
Effects of Opaque Cloud on RetrievalEffects of Opaque Cloud on Retrieval
11µm ()
Flight Track
Cloud () Spectral Minimization
Cloud () Spectral Minimization
() = (Ic-Im)/ dBpp
sfccld
Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)
CLOUDS
CLOUDSCLOUDS
Clouds
CloudsClouds
IR Window Image Along Track
If Clouds Are Included in EOF Regression Training then Cloud EffectsOn Clear Air Sounding Above the Clouds are Alleviated
Proteus Flight Track (July 10, 2001)Proteus Flight Track (July 10, 2001)
Surface T
emperature
Horizontal Resolution and Precision Characteristics of NAST-I
Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-sectionProteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section(CLAMS 7/10/01)
IR Window Image Along Track
Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)
296.52º K ( = 0.54º K) NAST-I retrieved (within 0.1 Lat. and Lon.)
297.45º K NOAA buoy site CHLV2 measured bulk SST
The cool “skin”, observed by NAST-I, relative to the sub-surface water, observed by the buoy, is expected as a result of evaporative cooling.
Chesapeake Lighthouse
Surface Skin Temperature °K
EOF Surface Emissivity Retrieval* EOF Surface Emissivity Retrieval* (July 14, 2001)(July 14, 2001)
Seawater Emissivity
)( / )( AssBAAobsR Retrieved
Lab
11 µm8.6 µm
*Based on 5 EOF Representation of Salsbury Laboratory Measurement Emissivity Data Set
NAST-I track
Dust
dust causes a negative Tb slopeacross “Window” region
Clear Slope via Brightness Temperature (at 890 cm-1)
(about 2000 NAST-I spectra)
Dust
10m12m
0
+
-
Tb
Slo
pe
Br i
g htn
e ss
Te m
per
a tu
r e
Wavelength
Asian Dust Event on 3/12/2001 (Sokolik,2001)Sokolik,2001)
Can GIFTS Observe the Optical Depth of Dust Plumes ? Can GIFTS Observe the Optical Depth of Dust Plumes ?
SummarySummary• The NAST provides high spatial resolution radiance measurements which can be used to validate the radiometric accuracy and retrieval products of GIFTS
• High spatial resolution features of atmospheric temperature, moisture, and clouds will be retrieved from high spectral resolution GIFTS radiances
•GIFTS will be able to profile above an opaque overcast cloud cover and above and below thin and/or broken clouds
•Surface skin temperature and emissivity can be retrieved simultaneously from the GIFTS spectral radiance measurements and this is important for the retrieval of accurate lower tropospheric moisture, trace gas, and aerosol profiles