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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
2nd International Planning Workshop on GPMEric A. Smith; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
[tel: 301-286-5770; fax: 301-286-1626; [email protected]; http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov]
May 20-22, 2002; Shinagawa Prince Hotel, Tokyo, Japan
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission
An International Partnership &Precipitation Satellite Constellation
for Researchon Global Water & Energy Cycle
Overview of NASA’sScience Agenda for GPM Mission
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Reservoir
• Water and climateWater and climate
• Water and foodWater and food
• Water quality and human healthWater quality and human health
• Water and environmentWater and environment
• Water and conflictWater and conflict
Reservoir
ENSO-Precipitation Links
Hydrologic Management
Water and Life
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
GPM Reference ConceptGPM Reference Concept
Core Satellite• TRMM-Like S/C, NASA• H2-A Launch, NASDA• Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit ~ 65° Inclination ~450 km Altitude• Dual Frequency Radar, NASDA Ku & Ka Bands ~ 4 km Horizontal Resolution ~250 m Vertical Resolution• Multifrequency Radiometer, NASA 10.7, 19, 22, 37, 85, 150 GHz V&H
Constellation Satellites
• Dedicated Small or Pre-existing Experimental & Operational Satellites with PMW Radiometers
• Revisit Time 3-Hour goal• Sun- & Non-Sun- Synch
Polar Orbits ~600 km Altitude
OBJECTIVES Understand Horizontal &
Vertical Structure of Rainfall, its Microphysical Nature, & Associated Latent Heating
Train & Calibrate Algorithms for Constellation Radiometers
OBJECTIVES Provide Sufficient Global
Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-Term Rainfall Accumulations
Extend Scientific and Societal Applications
Global Precipitation Processing Center
• Produces Global Precipitation Data Product Streams Defined by GPM Partners
Precipitation Validation Sites • Selected & Globally Distributed Ground- Based
Supersites (Multiparameter radar, up looking radiometer/radar/profiler, raingages, & disdrometers)
• Dense Regional Raingage Networks
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Improved Climate Predictions: through progress in quantifying trends & space-time variations of rainfall & associated error bars in conjunction with improvements in achieving water budget closure from low to high latitudes -- plus focused GCM research on advanced understanding of relationship between rain microphysics/latent heating/DSD properties & climate variations as mediated by accompanying accelerations of both atmospheric & surface branches of global water cycle.
Improved Weather Predictions: through accurate, precise, frequent & globally distributed measurements of instantaneous rainrate & latent heat release -- plus focused research on more advanced NWP techniques in satellite precipitation assimilation & error characterization of precipitation retrievals.
Improved Hydrological Predictions: through frequent sampling & complete continental coverage of high resolution precipitation measurements including snowfall -- plus focused research on more innovative designs in hydrometeorological modeling emphasizing hazardous flood forecasting, seasonal draught-flood outlooks, & fresh water resources prediction.
GPM Mission is Being Formulated within Context of Global Water & Energy Cycle
with Foremost Science Goals Focusing On
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Status of Working Group Workshops & Preparation of Chapters for GPM Draft Science Implementation Plan
Name of Group Leads WS Chap1. Water Cycle E. Wood TBD yes2. Climate Diagnostics P. Robertson yes yes3. Modeling & Data Assimilation A. Hou yes yes4. Hydrometeorology H. Cooper yes (vir) yes5. Ocean Fluxes & Marine ABL V. Mehta yes (vir) yes6. Coupled Cloud-Radiation Modeling G. Tripoli / W. Tao Jul '02 yes7a. Core Satellite Reference Algorithm Z. Haddad yes yes7b. Rain Radiometer Parametric Algorithm C. Kummerow yes yes7c. Cross Calibration & Blended Algorithms E. Smith yes yes8. Ground Validation & Field Experiments S. Yuter / R. Houze yes yes9. Forecast Apps, TV, Education, & Outreach M. Shepherd yes yes
10. Boiler Plate A. Mehta / M. Shepherd / E. Smith N/A 90%
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Document Status[http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov]
NASA GPM Report Series (Smith & Adams, eds) Summary of 1st GPM Partners Planning Workshop Shepherd, Mehta, Smith printed Benefits to Partnering with GPM Mission Stocker printed Scientific Assessment of High-Frequency Liu & Flaming in press
Radiometer Channels on GPM Core Satellitefor Warm and Light Rain plus Snow Measurement
Scientific Assessment of Cross-Track STAR Wilheit & Everett in pressRadiometer Flown Bore-Sighted with Dual-FrequencyRadar on GPM Core Satellite
Potential Tropical Open Ocean Precipitation Adkins & Yuter printedValidation Sites
6 Description of Global Precipitation Measurement Smith, Mehta, Shepherd in review(GPM) Mission
7 Bridging from TRMM to GPM to 3-Hourly Shepherd & Smith printedPrecipitation Estimates
8 Description of GPM Project Adams et al in review9 GPM Core Satellite Trade Space Analysis Everett et al draft
formAdditional Publications1. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Smith et al Plinius 32. Potential Applications of LRR-STAR Technology Smith et al ESTC-2
for GPM Mission3 Draft GPM Science Implementation Plan (SIP) Smith (editor) very rough
draft
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
TBD
b
(GMI / DPR)
GPM Core
DMSP-F18/20
DMSP-F19
GCOM-B1
(SSMIS)
(SSMIS)
(AMSR-FO)
N-GPM
E-GPM
FY-3
(EPMR / NPR)
Reference
Co-O
p D
ron
e P
art
ners
NPOESS-1
NPOESS-2
NPOESS-3
(CMIS)
(CMIS)
(CMIS)
MEGHATROPIQUES
(MADRAS)
Pote
ntia
l New
Dro
nes/P
artn
ers
Currently Conceived Constellation Architecture
NPOESS-Lite
(CMIS)
(CPMR)
(NPMR)
TRMM
AQUA
ADEOS-IIDMSP-F17
DMSP-F16
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
GPM: Constellation Mission of Opportunity& Good Citizenship
Satellite Main Purpose Value to GPM Mission1. GPM Core GPM rain reference calibration, rain physics,
[NASA/NASDA] system tropical-midlatitude sampling2 & 3. DMSP US: NOAA/DOD met-ops & res global sampling
[IPO]4. NPOESS-Lite US: NOAA/DOD met-ops & res global sampling
[IPO]5. GCOM-B1 Japan: environ/hydro res global sampling
[NASDA] & JMA met-ops6. E-GPM EU: cold seasons/flash flood/data-assim res rain physics, frozen[ESA (ASI/CNES/EC)] & EU met-ops precip, global sampling7. N-GPM US: MW radiometer technology testbed global sampling
[NASA]8. Megha Tropiques India/France: IO monsoon res tropical sampling
[ISRO/CNES] & IMD met-ops9. FY-3 China: CMA met-ops & res global sampling
[CSM]
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Improving Precipitation RetrievalsCloud Macrophysical &
Microphysical Fundamentals
Determination of:drop size distribution [DSD(r)],mass mixing ratio [q(z)hydro(r)],
rain mass flux [Fr(z)],fall velocity [w(z)hydro(r) ],& latent heating [LH(z) ]
q(z)hydro(r) = w (4/3r3) DSD(r)
w(z)hydro(r) = GFO [q(z)hydro(r)]
Fr(z) = ∫ q(z)hydro(r) w(z)hydro(r) dr
LH(z) = C [∂ Fr(z)/∂z]RR (z) = Fr(z) / w
RFsur = RR(zsur) ∑ t
Implementation of Fully Modular OPEN ACCESS Facility AlgorithmsAccompanied by COMPREHENSIVE TESTING Capability within WPDC
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
TRMM & GPM Rainrate Retrieval Simulations UnderVarying Mean Adj Drop Diameter Profiles
[ simulations based on Monte Carlo proliferation of Hurricane Bonnie observations ]
TRMM Single-Frequency Algorithm(bias due to unretrievable DSD variability)
exact variability depends on
DSD variabilityin altitude
Standard Deviation of R (%) as Function of R in mm hr-1)
with R approximately
log-normal thenR
proportional to R
GPM Dual-Frequency Algorithm(near-zero bias & reduced scatter in mid-range)
Actual R (mm hr-1)
Retrieved
R(mm hr-1)
Per
cen
t
Actual R (mm hr-1)
GPM
TRMM
~12.5 mm hr-1~1.5 mm hr-1
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
x-z cross-section of Snowat 89.0 & 157.0 GHz
157 GHz
89 GHz
Precipitating Snow
x-axis (km)
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
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6
4
2
0
z-ax
is (
km
)
8
6
4
2
0
z-ax
is (
km
)
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Validation should be treated as important as retrieval because improved prediction depends on it.
Error characterization of satellite precipitation retrievals is needed to support:
(a) Algorithm Improvement -- for reducing bias & precision errors in retrieved precipitation estimates;
(b) Climate Diagnostic Analysis -- for assessing physical significance of trends/variations in observed precipitation time series;
(c) Data Assimilation -- for improving climate reanalyses, numerical weather prediction, & hydrometeorological forecasting.
(d) Validation Research -- for advancing validation techniques, validation measuring systems, & space instrumentation.
Validation Expectations fromResearch &Operations End Users
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
GPM Validation StrategyTropical Continental
Confidencesanity checks
GPMSatellite
DataStreams
ContinuousSynthesis
error variances precip trends
Calibration
Mid-Lat Continental
Tropical Oceanic
Extratropical Baroclinic
High Latitude Snow
ResearchQuality
Data
Algorith
mIm
provem
ents
Research cloud macrophysics cloud microphysics cloud-radiation modeling
FC Data
Supersite Products
II. GPM Supersites Basic Rainfall Validationhi-lo res gauge/disdrometer networkspolarametric Radar system
Accurate Physical Validationscientists & technicians staffdata acquisition & computer facilitymeteorological sensor systemupfacing multifreq radiometer systemDo/DSD variability/vertical structureconvective/stratiform partitioning
III. GPM Field Campaigns GPM Supersitescloud/ precip/radiation/dynamics processes GPM Alg Problem/Bias Regionstargeted to specific problems
I. Basic Rainfall Validation Raingauges/Radars new/existing gauge networks new/existing radar networks
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
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GPM
January 28 , 2002Eric A. Smith
Long term precipitation trendsobserved during 1900-1988
Is Water Cycle Accelerating?Is Water Cycle Accelerating?
Changes in globaltemperatures may imply
change in rate of water cycle.
Global Average Precip Index
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GPM
January 28 , 2002Eric A. Smith
Weather-resolvingDynamic Core
PhysicalParameterizationTRANSIENT FLUX FTRANSIENTWEATHERVARIABLES u
OBSERVED DATAASSIMILATION
COMPARE TOFIELD DATA
Dynamic Core
PhysicalParameterizationCLIMATE VARIABLES < u >MEAN FLUX < F >
State of Art Climate Model (CCM-3)
Next Generation Climate Model
Precipitation Prediction: Key Objective of Water Cycle Resear ch
NOW
GOAL
Is Water Cycle Accelerating?Is Water Cycle Accelerating?
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Horizontal & Vertical Winds in Tropical Cyclone Bonnie
Impact of TMI Rain Assimilationon Tropical Cyclone Dynamics
J.-F. MahfoufECMWF
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Example for Weather PredictionCloud Resolving Model Simulations from UW-NMS for
Establishing Cloud-Radiation Relationships
Middle-Latitude Cyclone
Supercell Thunderstorm
Alps Orographic-Convective Storm
Explicit Convection in Hurricane Bonnie
Lake-Effects Roll Convection
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
QuickTime™ and aMicrosoft Video 1 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Piemonte - 2000
Simulation ofLow-Level Flows
within Tyrrhenian, Ligurian, Ionian, &
Adriatic Seaswhite (surface) -- orange (1.5 km)
Friuli - 1998
Amplifying Mesoscale StormsArising within Mobile Westerly
Disturbances under Control of Fixed Geography & Orography
35/50 m s-1 jet cores; 5 km MSL isobars (2 mb); surface temperature
QuickTime™ and aMicrosoft Video 1 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Inflow Cross-Section Surface e (shaded)Stable Brunt-Vaisalla Frequency (dark shading)
Genova - 1992
QuickTime™ and aMicrosoft Video 1 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aMicrosoft Video 1 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Barrier Convergence Zone∑ surface flow convergence set up off-shore∑ due to flow normal to high alps terrain∑ flow surge lifted over convergence zone off-shore
(335 e surface)
SurgingEML ==>
Elevated Mixed Layer3 km MSL Brunt Vaisala Frequency
Better Flood Predictions:
CRM Simulation & Microphysical
Analysis of Three (3)Late Season
Mediterranean Floods
brown trajectories: > 2.0 km precipitation feed
green trajectories: < 1.5 km precipitation feed
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.427 mm
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
[ , QD, QD ]
Anomaly[ Satellite ] [ NCEP ]
Comparison of Satellite [QD] Anomalies to SST AnomaliesMean SST and Anomalies
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
Towards a GPM Community Towards a GPM Community Ground Validation ProjectGround Validation Project
1. Black dot on globe represents 1. Black dot on globe represents "Anywhere" -- U.S. or World."Anywhere" -- U.S. or World.
GPM constellation members provide:
** Rainfall amount (time, lat, lon) **
Community rain gauge networks, i.e., CRGNs (e.g., GLOBE, Farming, TV, School networks) or backyard recreational gauges) provide:
** Rainfall amount (time, lat, lon) **
CRGNs-potential independent validator of GPM-retrieved pixel values.
22. . CRGN validation procedureCRGN validation procedure
Members of CRGNs can access World Precipitation Data System (WPDS) via password protected internet portal and enter independent rain gauge measurements.
3. Then question is, does:3. Then question is, does: GPM rainfall (time, lat, lon) = GPM rainfall (time, lat, lon) =
CRGN rainfall (time, lat, lon) ?CRGN rainfall (time, lat, lon) ?
Project Enables:Project Enables:
• broader science validation • public involvement in meaningful
science research• formal & informal education
activities & resources
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GPM
May 21, 2002Eric A. Smith [email protected] http://gpmscience.gsfc.nasa.gov
SSM/I Era
TRMM Era
EOS or GPM Precursor Era
GPM Era