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Those who fail to read the history are destined to suffer the
repetition of mistakes
The History of Medicine
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Primitive Medicine
It is truly said Medicine was conceived in sympathy
and born out of necessity. Due to limited Knowledge Primitive men attributed the
disease to wrath of gods or invasion of body byevil spirits- supernatural theory of disease.
As a logical sequence, the medicine they practicedconsisted of appeasing the gods by prayers, rituals etc
e.g. treatment of snake bite by mantras. Primitive medicine is timeless and rudiments are seen
in many parts of world like Asia, South America
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Indian Medicine
5000 BC Dhanvantari Hindu god of medicine is said to be born
out of churning of ocean in a tug of war between godsand demons.
Some believe that Atharvaveda gradually developedinto Ayurveda.
Ayurveda=Knowledge of life
Believed in Tridosha theory of disease.
Vata(wind), Pitta (Gall) and Kapha (Mucous).
Celebrated Authorities are Atreya, Charaka,Sushruta
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Charaka - Charake samhita- Mentioned about 500 drugs
Sushruta - Father of Indian Surgery
-Sushruta Samhita-Midwifery, Ophthalmology
Other medicine of Indian origin- Siddha.
Other medicines not of Indian originUnani, Homeopathy etc
Arabic-Drug, alcohol, syrup, sugar
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Chinese Medicine
2700 BC First organized body of medical knowledge
Based on yang and yin
Pioneers of immunization
Bare foot doctors
To Chinese The great doctor is the one who
treats not some one ill but some one not yet ill.
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Egyptian Medicine
2000 BC Imhotop considered as both Doctor and
divine Believed in Pulse-speech of heart.
God of health is Horus. Ebers Papyrus- mentioned 700 drugs. Specializations prevailed. Treatment with enema, Blood letting.
Oldest treatise of Surgery, Mentionedabout paralysis following cerebralfractures.
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Mesopotamian Medicine
2000 BC Religion Based concepts.
Herb doctors, Knife doctors and
Spell doctors roughly equal tointerns, surgeons and psychiatristsrespectively.
Hammurabi- King formulated Code ofHammurabi for Physicians.
Oldest medical prescription wastraced.
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Greek Medicine
460-136 BC Taught men to think in terms of why
and How
Leader of Greek Medicine is Aesculapius(staff
entwined by serpent is symbol of medicine)
Hygiea Panacea
Preventive
Medicine
Curative
Medicine
Fashion
among
Intellectuals
Gets the
cash
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Hippocrates
Father of Medicine Hippocratic oath
Clinician and Epidemiologist
Airs, water and places-Book is considered as
treatise to Social Medicine and Hygiene.Roman Medicine
136 AD
Borrowed from Greek
Keen sense of sanitation Galen physician, contributed to Comparative
Anatomy, Experimental physiology. Disease due to Predisposing ,Exciting and
Environmental factors.
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Middle Ages
Period of Lull i.e. Pause The practice of medicine reverted back to
primitive medicine dominated by superstitionsdue to dominance of religion.
Revival of Medicine Paracelsus-First to Attack superstitious beliefs
Fracastorious-Theory of contagion
Andreus Vesalius-1st
Man of Modern Medicine. Ambriose Pare-Father of Surgery.
William Harvey-Blood circulation
Thomas Sydenham-Classification of Fever.
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LeeuwenhoekMicroscope Edward Jenner-Vaccination-1796
1800sanitary awakening.
1854 Florence Nightingale; beginning ofmodern nursing.
Rise of Public Health
John Snow- NATURAL EXPERIMENT ON LONDONCHOLERA-1849
Chadwick-sanitary reforms.
Louis Pasteur-1860-germ theory of disease
1864- International Red Cross
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1882-Koch; Anthrax, Tuberculosis andstudy of bacteria
1898- Sir Ronold RossMalaria transmittedby Anopheles
1900- Multifactorial cause of disease
1st Blood transfusion. 1921-Banting & Best- isolated hormone
Insulin 1940- Fleming -penicillin 1948-
World Health Organization
Modern hard contact lens were introduced
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1953-Watson and Crick; DNA 1954-Salk; polio vaccine
1956-Kidney dialysis 1967-1st Heart transplant.
1977-1st coronary BalloonAngioplasty was done.
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Health care revolution
Primary health care -1978 Health for all-1981
Millennium Development goals-2000
NRHM- April 12th2005
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Primitive Medicine
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Egyptian Medicine
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Sushruta
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Hammurabi
Hammurabi- King formulated Code of
Hammurabi for Physicians.
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Rhazes
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Galen
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A. Vesalius
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Thomas Sydenham
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James Lind -Scurvy
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Robert Koch
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Lennec
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SemmelWeiss
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Edward Jenner
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Rudolph Virchow
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L. Pasteur
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Hopkins
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Roentgen
Th k
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Thank you