HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN
FOOD-RELATED AREA IN MALAYSIA
PROF. DR. ABDUL SHUKOR JURAIMI
DEAN
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
21-22 JANUARY 2014 JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Presentation Outline
Background of Agriculture Sector in Malaysia
Higher Learning In Food Related Area
Research and Development In Food Related Area
Issues/Problems
UPM’s role in spearheading Malaysian agriculture
Conclusion
Background
• Agriculture contributes about 10% of country’s GDP.
•12% of population are engaged in agriculture.
•About 24% of Malaysia's land area (7,605,000 ha) for
agriculture (arable and permanent cropland).
•Only 5% cropland is actually irrigated.
•Huge plantations viz. rubber were planted since 1876, Palm
oil (1917), and Cocoa (1950).
• Other crops grown are rice, maize, vegetable and fruits.
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Malaysia - returns to agriculture remains low, with the exception of large scale enterprises, palm oil and
agro-based industries
• Supply sector constraints limit growth – Small scale farms
– The strong pull of the industrial and services sector
– Limited government and private sector investment
– Resource constraints and lack of appropriate technology
– All the above lead to LOW productivity
• Demand sector is bright – Income increase
– Population increase
– The retail revolution
– Growing concern of food security and safety
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THE ISSUE at hand: Agriculture is back on the agenda, BUT return to agriculture remains low
6
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FOOD-RELATED AREA
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FOOD-RELATED AREA
1 No of Univ. Related to Food and Agriculture in Malaysia
19
2 No of Institutes/Colleges Related to Food and Agriculture
9
3 No of Academic Programs 59
4 No of Enrolments Per Year 11,000-12,000 students (~2000 students intake Per year)
5 No of Graduates Per Year 1,900-2,200 graduates
Major Universities (6) Other Universities (10) Private Universities (3) Uni. Putra Malaysia (UPM) Uni. Malaya (UM) Uni. Selangor (UNISEL)
Uni. Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Uni. Utara Malaysia (UUM) Uni. Nottingham Kampus Malaysia (NOTTG)
Uni. Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
Uni. Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Uni. Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)
Uni. Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
Uni. Sains Malaysia (USM)
Uni. Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Uni. Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Uni. Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
Uni. Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Uni. Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Uni. Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Uni. Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Uni. Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
List of Universities in Malaysia – related to Agriculture/Food Production
Institutes / Colleges (9)
Poly-technical Institutes
MARA Professional College
RISDA College
National Agriculture Training College-NATC (MOA)
MOA (Department of Agriculture)
MOA (Department of Veterinary Services)
College of Agriculture Malaysia
Skill-Tech Institute
International Institute of Plantation Management
List of Colleges and Training Institutes in Malaysia – related to Agriculture/Food Production (Non-degree Programs)
List of Programs in University
University Program
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21
Bachelor-15 Bachelor of Agriculture (Aquaculture)
Bachelor of Agriculture (Animal Science)
Bachelor of Science (Agribusiness)
Bachelor of Science (Bioindustry)
Bachelor of Horticultural Science
Bachelor of Agricultural Science
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science)
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Bachelor of Engineering (Agriculture and Biosystem)
Bachelor of Science (Food Education
Bachelor of Science Food Technology
Bachelor Engineering (Process and Food)
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Sciences)
Bachelor of Science (Food Services )
Bachelor of Science Bioindustry
List of Programs in University
University Program
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)-21
Diploma-6 Diploma in Animal Health and Production
Diploma in Food Plantation Management
Diploma in Agriculture
Diploma in Fisheries
Diploma in Agribusiness
Diploma in Agricultural Engineering
Diploma in Fisheries
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)-4
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Crop Production)
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Horticulture and Landscape)
Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Livestock Production)
Bachelor of Aquacultural Science
List of Programs in University
University Program
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)-6
Bachelor
Bachelor Agrotechnology (Post-Harvest Technology)
Bachelor of Applied (Fisheries)
Bachelor of Agrotechnoloy (Aquaculture)
Bachelor of Food (Food Technology)
Bachelor of Food (Food Services and Nutrition)
Diploma
Diploma in Fisheries
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)-4
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Entrepreneurship
Bachelor of Bioindustrial Technology
Bachelor of Animal Production
Bachelor of Product Development Technology
Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)-2
Bachelor
Bachelor of Science Technology and Plantation Management
Diploma
Diploma Plantation Industries and Management
Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)-1
Bachelor
Bachelor of Agribusiness
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)-1
Bachelor
Bachelor of Education (Agricultural Science) with Honoured
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)-1
Bachelor
Bachelor (Agriculture)
List of Programs in Institutes and College Institutes / Colleges Program Polytechnical Institutes-4
Diploma Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture) Diploma in Agrotechnology Diploma in Aquaculture Diploma in Landscape Horticulture Certificate Certificate of Mechanical Engineering (Agriculture)
MARA Professional College-1
Diploma Diploma In Agro-Business (DAB)
RISDA College-2
Diploma Diploma in Agriculture Diploma in Platation Management Certificate Certificate of Agricultural Science
National Agriculture Training College (MOA)-1
Diploma Diploma in Malaysian Skill Certificate Certificate of Malaysian Skill
MOA (Department of Agriculture)-1
Certificate Certificate of Agriculture Malaysia
MOA (Department of Veterinary Services)-1
Certificate Certificate of Veterinary Malaysia
College of Agriculture Malaysia-1
Certificate Certificate of Agriculture of Peninsular Malaysia Agriculture Institute (IPSM)
Skill-Tech Institute-9
Certificate Certificate of Aquaculture Certificate of Fruits Certificate of Plantation Certificate of Landscape Certificate of Vegetable Certificate of Marketing Certificate of Processing Certificate of Ruminant Certificate of Biotechnology
Number of enrolment, 2003-2012
Undergraduate Enrolment Trend, 2003-2012
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Average
Enrolment / Year
Number of enrolment
3,448 4,023 5,701 6,549 6,867 7,192 10,097 11,263 11,205 12,597 7,894
% Growth 16.7 41.7 14.9 4.9 4.7 40.4 11.5 -0.5 12.4 16.3
Enrolment
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Un
der
grad
uat
e En
rolm
ent
Year
Total
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Average Graduates
/ Year
Number of Graduates
390 423 735 791 1,122 1,579 3,055 2,028 2,237 1,909 1,427
% Growth 8.5 73.8 7.6 41.8 40.7 93.5 -33.6 10.3 -14.7 25
Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture from 2003 - 2012
Graduates in Agriculture
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Un
der
grad
uat
e G
rad
uat
ed
Year
Total
Number of Graduates, 2003-2012
Trend of Number of Graduates in Agriculture (different categories), 2003-2012
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nu
mb
er o
f G
rad
uat
es
Year
多項式 (Bachelor)
多項式 (Diploma )
多項式 (Certificate)
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Nu
mb
er
of
Gra
du
ate
s
Universities
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Number of Graduates by Universities Related to Agriculture in Malaysia, 2003-2012
Number of Graduate Employed (Different Field) 2003 - 2013
Research and Innovation
( 2517)
Plantation (4518)
Planning and Economic (76)
Agricultural Extension (7433)
Veterinary (1169)
Marketing (2471)
Food Crop (62)
Total: 18,246
Graduate Employed
Level of Education
UPM UMT UMS UUM POLY KPMARA RISDA IST IIPM KPM Total %
Bachelor 355 346 93 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 839 32
Diploma 194 102 0 0 84 115 231 0 0 0 726 27
Certificate 0 0 0 0 87 0 11 695 251 46 1090 41
Total 549 448 93 45 171 115 242 695 251 46 2655 100
Number of Graduates in Agriculture in Different Level of Education, 2012
20
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Number and Average Annual Growth Rate of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and Agricultural Products For All Higher Education Institutions, 2006 - 2012
174
284
190
245
241
313 327
312
256
496
746
741
1048
942
10 15
15
16
47 62
44 10
6 9
18
19 22
35
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nu
mb
er
Year
RESEARCHGRANT
PUBLICATION
PATENT
PRODUCT
26.1 %
31.7 %
42.2 %
15.3 %
Growth Rate / Year
Area Research Grants Publication Patent Product
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Food Crops 439 24.7 1315 29.0 39 18.7 46 38.7
Commodity crops 273 15.4 804 17.7 43 20.6 13 10.9
Livestock 199 11.2 335 7.4 29 13.9 15 12.6
Marine Fisheries 40 2.3 87 1.9 1 0.5 0 0.0
Aquaculture Fisheries 156 8.8 320 7.0 9 4.3 0 0.0
Agricultural Engineering 214 12.1 275 6.1 50 23.9 6 5.0
Agricultural Economics 65 3.7 131 2.9 0 0.0 0 0.0
Agricultural Extension 50 2.8 61 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0
Food Science & Technology
137 7.7 627 13.8 16 7.7 14 11.8
Herb 163 9.2 378 8.3 21 10.0 20 16.8
Floriculture 38 2.1 208 4.6 1 0.5 5 4.2
Total 1774 100 4541 100 209 100 119 100
Share (%) and Number of Research Grants, Publications, Patents and Agricultural Products by Area, 2006-2012
University 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total % UPM 130 224 152 200 165 226 238 1335 75.25 UMS 2 12 8 3 11 18 13 67 3.78 UMT 0 0 0 9 14 19 12 54 3.04 UniSZA 0 0 1 1 8 3 5 18 1.01 UiTM 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 0.45 UMK 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0.39 UM 21 15 6 2 0 1 2 47 2.65 USM 8 18 4 5 13 7 6 61 3.44 UTM 1 2 0 2 1 4 7 17 0.96 UUM 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 0.17 UNIMAS 1 2 5 0 0 0 2 10 0.56 UPSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.06 USIM 1 2 0 1 1 5 1 11 0.62 UniMAP 8 6 9 14 18 15 12 82 4.62 UNISEL 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0.23 NOTTG 1 2 3 0 4 3 3 16 0.90 UTAR 0 0 2 8 5 12 6 33 1.86
Total 174 284 190 245 241 313 327 1774 100.00
Total of Number of Research Grant by University, 2006-2012
Area UPM UMS UMT UniSZA UiTM UMK
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Food Crops 313 23.4 26 38.8 12 22.2 9 50.0 5 62.5 2 28.6
Commodity Crops 230 17.2 13 19.4 0 0.0 1 5.6 3 37.5 0 0.0
Livestock 166 12.4 2 3.0 7 13.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Marine Fisheries 19 1.4 3 4.5 4 7.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Aquaculture Fisheries
91 6.8 2 3.0 18 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3
Agricultural Engineering
173 13.0 5 7.5 2 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3
Agricultural Economics
56 4.2 3 4.5 1 1.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Agricultural Extension
47 3.5 1 1.5 0 0.0 2 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0
Food Science & Technology
96 7.2 8 11.9 9 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3
Herb 115 8.6 3 4.5 1 1.9 4 22.2 0 0.0 2 28.6
Floriculture 29 2.2 1 1.5 0 0.0 2 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0
Jumlah 1335 100 67 100 54 100 18 100 8 100 7 100
Number and percentage (%) Research Grant by Higher Education Institutions, 2006-2012
• Lack of interest among school leavers to apply for studies in agriculture/food production
• Lack of infrastructure/equipment among new universities to provide practical knowledge to students
• Opportunities for industrial training in food related activities are limited. 75% of agriculture devoted to oil palm and rubber plantations
• Upstream food production activities dominated by small farmers e.g. rice, fruit and vegetable production. Limited opportunity for students to develop practical skills.
Issues/Problems
Expectation Future Cooperation HRD
• International internship for students to learn new technology in food production with countries that are advanced in food production.
• Research activities with food producing countries to develop Malaysian expertise in food production technology especially rice and ruminant production.
• Cooperative research in seed production studies to overcome problem of local seed production in Malaysia.
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What can UPM do to spearhead Malaysian agriculture? Bridging the technological gap..
UPM could spearhead agriculture through bridging the technological gap between the university labs and the farms and university labs and industry to improve productivity, efficiency and towards sustainable development. Areas of contributions are:
• Human resource development – UPM is the leading IHL that produce agricultural leaders and highly trained agricultural personnel in
the country and will continue to do so
• Technological transfer – UPM has a number of technologies to be transferred that will help improve productivity and
efficiency
• Building entrepreneurship – UPM has the capacity to train agro-entrepreneurs who are competent in technology and business
• Policy labs – Malaysian government embarks on transformation plan through their policy labs. UPM is capable
to mobilise their policy labs to analyse agricultural policies.
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UPM’s role in spearheading Malaysian agriculture: Mobilising our core competencies, academic, research and professional services
UPM has the institutional capacity to churn out knowledge, technology and innovation to advance agriculture through academic programmes, research and professional services.
• Academic programmes – Provide programmes that are complete encompassing “farm to table” and whole value chain
(production, post-harvest, processing, biotecnology, veterinary, environment, agribusiness, engineering and forestry)
– Strong graduate programmes
• Research – Research are current addressing issues such as production, processing, biotechnology, green
technology, sustainable resource management, port-harvest losses, food safety and traceability
– Received high research grants in agriculture
– Strong in research publication in the international arena
• Professional service – Training, extension and outreach programmes
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TerimaTerima KasihKasih
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