Human Trafficking:A Different Kind of Victim
DCC Iain Livingstone,
Crime and Operational Support
Introduction
• Police Scotland – a new National Force• Combating Human Trafficking. What's changed?• A different kind of victim• Case studies• Conclusion
Policing Scotland
• Area of 28,168 square miles
• Population of 5.4 million people
• 17,300 Police Officers, 6500 Police Staff, 1,300 Special Constables
• Annual budget of £1.1 billion
• Estate of 850 police buildings
• Second largest force in UK
• Purpose – Improve the safety and wellbeing of people, places and communities
in Scotland
• Focus – Keeping people safe
Legacy Structure
Need for Change
• Driven by…
• Inefficiencies;
• Duplication;
• Bureaucracy;
• Austerity;
• Accountability.
Programme Stages
Objectives of Reform
• To protect and improve local services despite financial cuts;
• To create more equal access to specialist support and national capacity;
• To strengthen the connection between services and communities.
ACC Local Policing
NorthACC C Thomson
ACC Local Policing
EastACC M McCormick
ACCLocal Policing
WestACC W Mawson
ACCOperational
Support DivisionACC B Higgins
ACC Org. Crime CT &
Safer Comm.ACC R Nicolson
ACCMajor Crime and Public Protection
ACC M Graham
Chief ConstableSir Stephen House
DCCLocal Policing
DCC R Fitzpatrick
DCCCrime andOperational
SupportDCC I Livingstone
DCCDesignate
DCC N Richardson
DCCCommonwealth
Games and Major Events
DCC S Allen
Director Finance
Mrs J Murray
Director ICT
Mr M Leven
Director HR
Mr J Gillies
Director Corp’ Services
Mrs S Mitchellll
14 Divisions
Key:
Division 1 Aberdeen CityDivision 2 Aberdeenshire and MorayDivision 3 TaysideDivision 4 Highland and IslandsDivision 5 Forth ValleyDivision 6 Edinburgh CityDivision 7 The Lothians and Scottish BordersDivision 8 FifeDivision 9 GlasgowDivision 10 AyrshireDivision 11 LanarkshireDivision 12 Argyll and Bute & West DunbartonshireDivision 13 Renfrewshire and InverclydeDivision 14 Dumfries and Galloway
4
4
2 1
3
12 5 8
13 9 117
6
10
14
Specialist Crime Division Governance
Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone
Crime & Operational Support
Assistant Chief Constable Malcolm Graham
Major Crime & Public Protection
Assistant Chief Constable Ruaraidh Nicolson
Organised Crime, Counter Terrorism &Safer Communities
Public Protection &
Divisional Crime
Major CrimeIntelligence
Support
Support, Co-ordination & Safer
Communities
Organised Crime&
Counter Terrorism
Legacy Structure - Trafficking
• ACPO(S) Lead – Serious and Organised Crime
• Strathclyde Vice and Trafficking Unit• SCDEA – Human Trafficking Co-ordination Unit
• ACPO(S) Strategic & Tactical Groups
• Eight different force priorities
Human Trafficking – what's changed?
• Police Scotland Strategic Group• Police Scotland Tactical Group• Police Scotland Partners Group• National Human Trafficking Unit
• 14 Divisional Human Trafficking Champions
National Human Trafficking Unit
• Public Protection Unit
• Scottish Crime Campus, Gartcosh
• Specialist Crime Departments
• Partner Law Enforcement Agencies
Resources
• Victim Care Strategy
• e-learning package
• Standard Operating Procedure
• Human Trafficking Handbook
• Interview Strategies
Commonwealth Games 2014
• Action Plan
• Intelligence Requirement
• No increase in trafficking
• Increase in enquiries
Human Trafficking
• April 2014 – NHTU Statistics
• 73 Incidents
• 17 Crimes (some outwith Scotland)
• 6 Reports submitted (Police Scotland)
Different Kind of Victim
Difficulties include:
•Language•Geography•Vulnerability•Fear•Traumatisation
Victims encountered
• Don’t want to enter the NRM
• Don’t wish support services assistance
• Don’t see themselves as victims of trafficking
• Legally in UK
• BUT - They are a victim of a crime
Victim Vulnerability
• Debt Bonded• Alcohol or drug dependent• Mental health issues• Vulnerable due to age
• Homeless• Jobless• Legal or illegal migrant• Can’t speak english
EU Directive 2011/36
Article 8 –
“member states shall take all necessary steps to ensure that they are entitled not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims of trafficking”
Romanian Female victim
• Engaged as prostitute• Working in flat• Police attend, due to complaints
• Male has paid for flights, adverts and rented flat
• The female is a victim
Op Zelezny
• Vulnerable males recruited
• Poor pay• No health & safety equipment• Living on site• No access to medical assistance
• Did not see themselves as victims
Cannabis Cultivation
• Premises discovered• Vietnamese nationals detained• No identity documents• Reports to be under 18 • No social work age assessment • Police Report submitted to COPFS• Appropriate remarks in Report• NRM forms completed
Conclusion
• Legal and moral duty• Identify and support victims• Partnership Working• International Engagement • New approach in Police Scotland, focused, victim centered