Human Trafficking:A Different Kind of Victim

DCC Iain Livingstone,

Crime and Operational Support

Introduction

• Police Scotland – a new National Force• Combating Human Trafficking. What's changed?• A different kind of victim• Case studies• Conclusion

Policing Scotland

• Area of 28,168 square miles

• Population of 5.4 million people

• 17,300 Police Officers, 6500 Police Staff, 1,300 Special Constables

• Annual budget of £1.1 billion

• Estate of 850 police buildings

• Second largest force in UK

• Purpose – Improve the safety and wellbeing of people, places and communities

in Scotland

• Focus – Keeping people safe

Legacy Structure

Need for Change

• Driven by…

• Inefficiencies;

• Duplication;

• Bureaucracy;

• Austerity;

• Accountability.

Programme Stages

Objectives of Reform

• To protect and improve local services despite financial cuts;

• To create more equal access to specialist support and national capacity;

• To strengthen the connection between services and communities.

ACC Local Policing

NorthACC C Thomson

ACC Local Policing

EastACC M McCormick

ACCLocal Policing

WestACC W Mawson

ACCOperational

Support DivisionACC B Higgins

ACC Org. Crime CT &

Safer Comm.ACC R Nicolson

ACCMajor Crime and Public Protection

ACC M Graham

Chief ConstableSir Stephen House

DCCLocal Policing

DCC R Fitzpatrick

DCCCrime andOperational

SupportDCC I Livingstone

DCCDesignate

DCC N Richardson

DCCCommonwealth

Games and Major Events

DCC S Allen

Director Finance

Mrs J Murray

Director ICT

Mr M Leven

Director HR

Mr J Gillies

Director Corp’ Services

Mrs S Mitchellll

14 Divisions

Key:

Division 1 Aberdeen CityDivision 2 Aberdeenshire and MorayDivision 3 TaysideDivision 4 Highland and IslandsDivision 5 Forth ValleyDivision 6 Edinburgh CityDivision 7 The Lothians and Scottish BordersDivision 8 FifeDivision 9 GlasgowDivision 10 AyrshireDivision 11 LanarkshireDivision 12 Argyll and Bute & West DunbartonshireDivision 13 Renfrewshire and InverclydeDivision 14 Dumfries and Galloway

4

4

2 1

3

12 5 8

13 9 117

6

10

14

Specialist Crime Division Governance

Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone

Crime & Operational Support

Assistant Chief Constable Malcolm Graham

Major Crime & Public Protection

Assistant Chief Constable Ruaraidh Nicolson

Organised Crime, Counter Terrorism &Safer Communities

Public Protection &

Divisional Crime

Major CrimeIntelligence

Support

Support, Co-ordination & Safer

Communities

Organised Crime&

Counter Terrorism

Legacy Structure - Trafficking

• ACPO(S) Lead – Serious and Organised Crime

• Strathclyde Vice and Trafficking Unit• SCDEA – Human Trafficking Co-ordination Unit

• ACPO(S) Strategic & Tactical Groups

• Eight different force priorities

Human Trafficking – what's changed?

• Police Scotland Strategic Group• Police Scotland Tactical Group• Police Scotland Partners Group• National Human Trafficking Unit

• 14 Divisional Human Trafficking Champions

National Human Trafficking Unit

• Public Protection Unit

• Scottish Crime Campus, Gartcosh

• Specialist Crime Departments

• Partner Law Enforcement Agencies

Resources

• Victim Care Strategy

• e-learning package

• Standard Operating Procedure

• Human Trafficking Handbook

• Interview Strategies

Commonwealth Games 2014

• Action Plan

• Intelligence Requirement

• No increase in trafficking

• Increase in enquiries

Human Trafficking

• April 2014 – NHTU Statistics

• 73 Incidents

• 17 Crimes (some outwith Scotland)

• 6 Reports submitted (Police Scotland)

Different Kind of Victim

Difficulties include:

•Language•Geography•Vulnerability•Fear•Traumatisation

Victims encountered

• Don’t want to enter the NRM

• Don’t wish support services assistance

• Don’t see themselves as victims of trafficking

• Legally in UK

• BUT - They are a victim of a crime

Victim Vulnerability

• Debt Bonded• Alcohol or drug dependent• Mental health issues• Vulnerable due to age

• Homeless• Jobless• Legal or illegal migrant• Can’t speak english

EU Directive 2011/36

Article 8 –

“member states shall take all necessary steps to ensure that they are entitled not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims of trafficking”

Romanian Female victim

• Engaged as prostitute• Working in flat• Police attend, due to complaints

• Male has paid for flights, adverts and rented flat

• The female is a victim

Op Zelezny

• Vulnerable males recruited

• Poor pay• No health & safety equipment• Living on site• No access to medical assistance

• Did not see themselves as victims

Cannabis Cultivation

• Premises discovered• Vietnamese nationals detained• No identity documents• Reports to be under 18 • No social work age assessment • Police Report submitted to COPFS• Appropriate remarks in Report• NRM forms completed

Conclusion

• Legal and moral duty• Identify and support victims• Partnership Working• International Engagement • New approach in Police Scotland, focused, victim centered