Hydrogen as fuel:
Zero emission mobility,
available today
Linde, Hydrogen mobility solutions
Munich, June 2018
Topics.
01 H2 molecule – a game changer in the mobility market
02 H2 value chain & technologies by Linde
03 H2 mobility - Linde activities & project approach
Mass suitability of electric driving thanks to hydrogen.
The hydrogen molecule will be a game changer in the mobility market.
The hydrogen molecule The potential of hydrogen mobility
Benefits of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV)
Zero emission tank–to-wheel
Current ranges: 500 - 600 km
Refuelling time: 3 – 4 min
Silent driving like battery electric vehicles (BEV)
With renewable hydrogen: near zero emission well-to-wheel
Emission targets in major markets* Hyundai ix35 FCEV
Start of production: Feb. 2013
Toyota „Mirai“ FCEV
Start of production: Dec. 2014
Honda FCEV “Clarity”
Start of production: 2016
In H2 mobility, two utilization profiles emerging.
Back-to-base applications with potential for attractive business case already today.
Back-to-base Network
Buses, urban delivery trucks, intralogistics vehicles, taxis, car
fleets with regular routes & H2 refueling at a fix depot (base)
+ Upfront investment in infrastructure
limited to one (few) H2 station(s) at
central depot
+ High utilization and predictable H2
demand allowing for economically
attractive business cases
+ Strongly positive impact on urban
environment (local emission free,
noise reduction) already with first
project
Vehicle availability and costs
Network of H2 refueling stations for seamless mobility for
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) passenger cars
+ In case of technology break-through
(successful customer value proposition),
high growth potential
High upfront investment in
infrastructure necessary, with low
utilization rates initially (business
case challenge)
Strong & continuous buy-in from
multiple players required (OEMs,
infrastructure & utility providers,
authorities)
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Topics.
01 H2 molecule – a game changer in the mobility market
02 H2 value chain & technologies by Linde
03 H2 mobility - Linde activities & project approach
Highest competence and experience by Linde.
Linde is pioneer for H2 as fuel along the whole H2 supply chain.
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Pioneering activities Linde’s as leading H2 as fuel and energy carrier
Efficient & reliable supply of H2 for emission free mobility applications
Broad portfolio of effective & easy-to-use technology solutions for H2 production,
distribution and fueling; fitting to specific customer needs and local requirements
Linde with three decades of experience
and strong commitment for the future
• 1989: First H2 fueling station (for R&D
activities of automakers); strong R&D
partnering w. passenger cars and bus OEMs
(standards, tank systems, etc.)
• 2002: Founding member of CEP, a
consortium for deployment and roll-out of H2
based mobility
• 2004: Opening of 1st public H2 fueling
station (700bar) in Germany; H2 bus
fueling station in 2006; steady buildup
globally
• 2015: Foundation of H2 Mobility JV
• 2017: Consortium w. Alstom for 1st H2
fueled train operations globally
Linde covers the full hydrogen value chain.
From production to fuelling operations and infrastructure.
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H2 Production &
Storage
Treatment &
Distribution
H2 Fuelling
Stations
Conventional
(e.g. Steam
Methane Reformer)
Renewable
(e.g. central
electrolysis
systems) On-site Electrolysis
(decentral)
Ionic compressor
Cryopump
LH2
Liquid Hydrogen
CGH2
Compressed Gaseous
Hydrogen
Linde committed to
Increase efficiency along
the overall H2 value chain
Provide options for
utmost CO2 footprint
reduction
Provide the optimal
solution well-to-wheel
for H2 supply, based on
customer requirements
and local circumstances
H2 Operations
Out of one hand
Reliable
operations of H2
supply and fuelling
equipment to a
range of mobility
applications
Topics.
01 H2 molecule – a game changer in the mobility market
02 H2 value chain & technologies by Linde
03 H2 mobility - Linde activities & project approach
Linde with expertise based on a multitude of different H2 mobility projects.
H2 supply, H2 equipment and related services as core offerings.
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Mob
ilit
yIn
du
stry
& E
nerg
y
Backup power Advanced applications
BussesPassenger cars Maritime & AviationTrains
Material handling
100+ H2 stations delivered, more than 80,000 fueling cycles achieved
10+ H2 stations delivered, more than 25,000 fueling cycles achieved
10+ H2 stations delivered, more than 1,000,000 fuelingcycles achieved
More than 10 units
delivered
2 stations to ferry and submarines
Supply of pilotprojects
Multiple projectsimplemented
Portable power
Early market intro-duction
Economic advantages
Tendering for six projects ongoing (in Germany)
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Bus projects: Feasibility studies & pilot projects.
Linde is proud to be partner and technology supplier in important projects.
• Large scale infrastructure feasbibility/
engineering studies
• 13 locations with 40–260 FCBuses each
• FCBus and refuelling station demo
project at 9 locations
• 56 FCBuses and 9 refuelling stations
• Large public combined
FCEV/FCBus station
• Cryopump technology
• Combined FCEV/FCBus
station & on-site production
• Ionic compressor system
• UK‘s largest H2 production
and bus refuelling station
• Ionic compressor system
• Combined FCEV/FCBus
station & on-site production
• Ionic compressor system
Shell, Berlin
AC Transit, SFO Bay
Vattenfall, Hamburg
BOC/Linde, Aberdeen
Reference project: H2 mobility, busses and passenger cars.
Shell, Berlin, Germany.
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— Start of operation: Q2/2011
— Dispensing lines: 1x 70 MPa PV 1x 35 MPa Bus
— Technology: 2x Cryo Pump
— Main user: BVG and CEP fleet
— Capacity of 1,000 PV per day1
— Matches conventional fueling station requirements
— Largest FCEV fueling station in the world
Key features
1 Capacity of 120 kg/hr. per pump and 5 kg per vehicle
Reference project: H2 mobility, busses.
ACHES, Aberdeen, Scotland.
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— Start of operation: Q1/2015
— Dispensing lines: 2x 35 MPa Bus
— Technology: 2x Ionic Compressor IC90
— Main user: First Group and Stagecoach (UK’s two largest
bus operators)
— Integration of renewable H2 production (production
capacity of up to 360 kg/day)
— Europe’s largest demonstration of hydrogen fuel cell buses
Key features
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Linde Technology for Future Fleet Applications.
Aberdeen: Full scale FCBus depot with on-site production.
Station technology
General Information
• Result of NewBusFuel engineering study.
• Combined hydrogen production and bus refuelling
station, designed to supply hydrogen to 120 FCBuses
from ~2025.
• Linde‘s ionic compressor technology (IC90).
• New 55 MPa constant pressure storage with significant
footprint reduction compared to cascade filling system.
• On-site H2 production via Linde‘s Hydroprime SMR.
Reference project: Power-to-gas.
Energiepark Mainz, Germany (1/2).
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Key Facts:
Connected to a wind-farm (8 MW)
6.3 MW peak electrolyser stacks (each 2.1 MW)
800 kg storage (25 MWh)
200 tons target annual output from 2017 onwards
Injection in local gas grid and multi-use trailer-filling
Budget: total 17 m€, funding: ~50% (BMWi)
Objectives:
Local grid integration by storing fluctuating renewable power
Provision of ancillary services in the electricity grid (including
negative control reserve)
Testing and further development of megawatt class PEM
electrolysis
Intelligent and efficient hydrogen conditioning, storage and
handling, smart management structure
Research of effects of the increased hydrogen concentrations
in the gas grid and end devices
Public relations and public acceptance
FCEV network infrastructure roll-out initiatives in realization.
Upfront infrastructure investment necessary; further roll-out in case of car ramp-up.
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~ 50 fuel stations ~ 100 fuel stations ~ 400 fuel stations
2016:
R&D
2018:
Market preparation
2023:
Market readiness
= ++ + + ++
Example Germany: Action plan for the construction of a hydrogen refueling network in Germany by 2023
Thank you for your attention.