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IAS OUR DREAM NOTES PART - V

# # who wrote a play Neel Darpan to portray the oppression of indigo farmers.

Ans - Din Bandhu Mitra wrote a play Neel Darpan to portray the oppression of indigo farmers.

# # who was the editor of Hindu patriot who published reports on indigo campaign, organized mass meetings etc.

Ans - Harish Chandra Mukherji,

# # apart frm Annie Besant and Tilak name some Home Rule Movement leaders ?

Ans - prominent Indians like Joseph Baptista G. S. Khaparde , Sir S. Subramania Iyer etc.

# # Faraizis were followers of a Muslim sect founded by ?

Ans - Faraizis ( 1838 to 1857) (East Bengal ) Faraizis were followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur

# # which Governor General launched a military campaign against Sanyasi revolt ?

Ans - Governor General Warren Hastings launched a military campaign against Sansyasis.

# # A farmer named ..............................contacted Gandhi during Congress Session at Lucknow abt Champaran oppression ?

Ans - Raj Kumar Shukla

# # India has been a WTO member since 1 January 1994...T/FAns => False..

# # Chromium has a sling appearance.It does not corrode. true or false

Ans - True

# # A prism is made up of .?

Ans - A prism can be made up of any material that can transfer or refract light. usually the material is Glass, Flourite, Plastic.

# # Modhera is famous for ?

Ans - Sun temple in gujrat, dedicated to the hindu sun god surya built in 1026 AD by king bhimdev of solanki dynasti...

# # what are Floating rate bonds ?

Ans - These are the bonds which interest goes up and down in accordance with market ____It are bonds that have a variable coupon, equal to a money market reference rate..ex- federal funds rate...

# # who organized peasants of Awadh against the landlords, using Ramayana and caste slogans ?

Ans - Baba Ramchandra organized peasants of Awadh against the landlords, using Ramayana and caste slogans .

# # In India, the Chit funds are governed / Regulated by ___?

=> Chit funds in India are governed by the Chit Funds Act, 1982. Under this Act,the chit fund businesses can be registered and regulated only by the respective State Governments.

# # A concave lens diverges the light it is called diverging lens.,,true or false

Ans - true...

# # MBN Rao Committee is setup for ?

=> Bhartiy Mahila Bank

# # Miss universe 2013 ?=> gabriela ..Venezuela, venue was MOSCOW

## What do you understand by the term Money Illusion?=> when decision of economic units r guided by monetary variables n not real variables .. dy suffer frm money illusion

# # Bold Kurukshetra is exercise between India and ?=> singapore

# # Indias permanent representative to UN is => Ashok Mukarji

# # Who is the present High Commissioner to Pakistan ?=> tc raghvan

# # A MiniratnaCategory1 Status holding public sector company in India can incur expenditure on modernization, new projects as well as equipment purchase without the approval of the Government, up to:Ans - B 500 crores[navratna is 1000 crore while mini cat 1 is 500 crore while mini cat 2 is 300 crores]

# # To make recommendations on the devolution of taxes, the 14th Finance Commission has been directed to use the Census figures of __:Ans - A 1971

# # Approximately, what fraction of Indias total exports is contributed by the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector ?Ans - 40 percent

# # Once a Budget has been presented in the Parliament, the government has to get all money bills related to the union budget passed within __?Ans - 75 days\

# # Sankirtana===================** encompasses an array of arts performed to mark religious occasions and various stages in the life of the Vaishnava people of the Manipur plains.*practices centre on the temple, where performers narrate the lives and deeds of Krishna through song and dance.** In a typical performance, two drummers and about ten singer-dancers perform in a hall or domestic courtyard encircled by seated devotees. The dignity and flow of aesthetic and religious energy is unparalleled, moving audience members to tears and frequently to prostrate themselves before the performers. ***Sankirtana has two main social functions: -- it brings people together on festive occasions throughout the year, acting as a cohesive force within Manipurs Vaishnava community; and--it establishes and reinforces relationships between the individual and the community through life-cycle ceremonies.** It is thus regarded as the visible manifestation of God. The Sankirtana of Manipur is a vibrant practice promoting an organic relationship with people: the whole society is involved in its safeguarding, with the specific knowledge and skills traditionally transmitted from mentor to disciple.** Sankirtana works in harmony with the natural world, whose presence is acknowledged through its many rituals.

# # Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur..why is it in news ???

=> Sankirtana: Ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur nominated from India is among the 14 elements inscribed on the Representative List of the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This was announced at the eighth session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee in Baku, Azerbaijan, held from December 2 to 7.

# # Describe Lord Curzons style of administration ?

=> Curzon's seven year rule in India was full of 'missions, omissions and commissions'.=> aimed at efficiency of administrationand the trend of his mind was towards officialization and centralization..=> police reforms : increase in salary of all ranks, increase in strength of all police force , training school set up, direct recruitment in higher ranks, a provincial police service set up, creation of central dept of Criminal Intelligence etc..=> Educational reforms : the Indian Universities Act was passed, affiliation to private colleges were made strict, and periodical inspection by the syndicate made compulsory..=> economic reforms : legislation relating to famines, land revenue, irrigation, agriculture, railways taxation, currency etc passed. A famine commission was set up..=> judicial reforms : increased salary, pension, and number of judges., IPC revised, => army reforms : training college for officers, the kitchners test for every battalian, reorganisation of army..=> Calcutta Corporation Act to reduce the strength of elected members=> Ancient Monument Act to repair, restore, and protect the historical monuments in the country..

# # Difference Between FTA and PTA??

=> PTA is always a starting point & FTA is the final goal of participating countries in a trade block...=> PTA aims at reducing tariffs, FTA aims at elimination of tariff altogether.=> PTA pertains to reduced or nil custom duties on transport of only specific number goods between the countries..=> FTA is a wider n liberalised concept to pta..it allow countries to transport wide no. of goods wid no duties.

# # UNESCOs Intangible Cultural Heritage List??

Ans - The Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage are established by UNESCO aiming to ensure the better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.=> Through a compendium of the different oral and intangible treasures of humankind worldwide, the program aims to draw attention to the importance of safeguarding intangible heritage, which has been identified by UNESCO as an essential component and a repository of cultural diversity and creative expression.India ====>> * Kutiyattam , Sanskrit Theatre , The Tradition of Vedic Chanting* Ramlila - the Traditional Performance of the Ramayana* Ramman: religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas* Mudiyett : a ritual theatre of Kerala* Kalbelia : folk songs and dances of Rajasthan* Chhau dance : a tradition from eastern India* Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans- Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir, India * Nowrouz, Nauroz

# # Pulichantala project ???

Ans - The inauguration of the project was a dream come true for farmers of Krishna Delta system as it has been designed to stabilise 13.08 lakh acres of ayacut besides generating 120 MW of power in the hydel unit located in Vajinipalli village in Nalgonda district.

=> It was in 1911 that Colonel Ellis proposed that an irrigation project could be built upstream of Prakasam Barrage but the then British Government did not evince interest. Later, Muktyala Zamindar Raja Vasireddy Ramakrishna Maheswara Prasad took up the gauntlet and with the help of K.L Rao placed the project back on tracks.=> N.T Rama Rao, as a Chief Minister, initiated the Pulichintala Investigation Circles and secured all clearances. But his successor N. Chandrababu Naidu did not show any interest and until Y.S Rajasekhara Reddy took it up again in 2004.=> The dam has a catchment area of 20,028 k.m and has been designed for a maximum flood discharge of 20,37,656 Cusecs. The gross storage of the reservoir is 45.77 tmcft of which 36.23 tmcft is live storage. => Called as KLRao sagar multipurpose irrig. Project serving irrigation needs, hydro power gen. & flood control.. AP Chief Minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy on Saturday dedicated to the nation the Pulichantala project (named after Dr. K. L Rao ) across the Krishna.

# # The need for day care centres (DCC) for the aged/senior citizens. OR According to the National Adult Day Services Association (NADSA), there are more than 4,600 adult day care centres in the U.S. However, this concept is not common in India. ...COMMENT.

Ans ==> It is all about difference in society and cultural practices. The practice of DCC might be excelled in USA due to various reasons like family relationships, security, govt financing through social security and population size. Above factors cuts the plan between India and USA.since increasing trend of nuclear families,senior citizens living alone during day time is very common and their security is the main concern.DCC are good idea bcz many elders dnt like to stay away from their children.DCC should enrich the lives of elders-building upon their skills,knwldge and unique abilities and strenghts....

# # Santhal uprising , 1855 spread in which region >?

* Reason : oppression of police, atrocities of landlords and moneylenders, ill-treatment of small farmers by land revenue officials.* Government banned shifting cultivation in forest areas.* Area : Raj Mahal hills* Leaders: Sindhu + Kanhu* Result: The government could pacified these Santhals by creating a separate district of Santhal Parganas.

# # Pagal Panthi movement '/.?

* Pagal Panthi, 1830s-40s* Reason: Zamindari Oppression* Area: North Bengal, Hajong and Garo tribes.* Leader: Karam Shah and his son Tipu* Result: Initially British agreed to Pagal Panthi demand, made arrangement to protect the cultivators from Zamindar But later, launched massive military operation to suppress Pagal Panthis

# # who were the Jotedars ?

Ans. In the early nineteenth Century, jotedars were a class of rich peasants. They acquired vast areas of land and controlled local trade as well as money lending. Thus exercising immense power over the poorer cultivators of the region. A large part of their land was cultivated through share croppers who broughttheir own ploughs, labourer in the field, and handed over half the produce to jotedars after the harvest.

# # Champaran Indigo Satyagraha

Ans - Champaran Indigo Satyagraha (1917)Area: Champaran district of Bihar. Ramnagar, Bettiah, Madhuban.European planters forced Indian farmers to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their land holding. Popularly known as tinkathia system.Under this system, European planters holding thikadari leases from the big local zamindars forced the peasants to cultivate indigo on part of their land at un-remunerative prices and by charging sharahbeshi (rent enhancement) or tawan (lump sum compensation) if the farmer did not want to grow indigo, he had to pay heavy fines * 1916 ---A farmer Raj Kumar Shukla contacted Gandhi during Congress Session @Lucknow.* 1917 ---Mahatma Gandhi launched an agitation. Demanded a detailed enquiry and redressal of farmers grievances.

Result:

1. Government appoints a committee, even included Gandhi as one of the member.2. Government abolishes tinkhatia system and pays compensation to the farmers.3. Gandhi gets new allies: Rajendra Prasad, JB Kriplani, Mahadev Desai and Braj Kishore Prasad

# # Kheda Satyagraha (1918) Severe drought in Khera District, Gujarat Kanbi-Patidar farmers. Making decent living through cotton, tobacco and dairy. But Plague and famine during 1898-1906 reduced their income. Yet government increased Revenue demand. Prices of essential commodities: kerosene, salt etc increased because of WW1. Farmers requested government to waive the land Revenue. Government ignored. Gandhi + Sardar Patel launched no-revenue campaignResult:1. Government reduced revenue to 6.03%2. Government ordered officials to recover Revenue only from those farmers who were willing to pay.3. Gandhi gets new ally: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

# # describe the complex methodology suggested by C Rangarajan panel for natural gas pricing ?

==> suggested mandating a price of domestically-produced natural gas at an average of international hub prices and cost of imported LNG instead of the present mechanism of market discovery.=> suggested first taking an average of the U.S., Europe and Japanese hub or market price and then averaging it out with the netback price of imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) to give the sale price of domestically-produced gas.=> The suggested formula will apply to pricing decisions made in future, and can be reviewed after five years.

# # purpose for appointment of Rangachary committee?

=> to review taxation of development centres and the information technology sector in a bid to provide clarity on these issues.

# # what is the theme of Human Development Report...2013 ....who ranked where...imp ranks

Ans

=> The 2013 Human Development Report "The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World" examines the profound shift in global dynamics driven by the fast-rising new powers of the developing world and its long-term implications for human development.=> India has much catching up to do, the Human Development Report 2013 released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), ranked the country at a low 136 among 186 countries on its human development index (HDI) a composite measure of life expectancy, access to education and income levels.

# # Difference between thoughts those of Marx and Gandhiji ?

Gandhi was repulsed by the Marxist concepts of class wars and violent revolutions... An issue which highlights the differences between Gandhi and the marxist is the right to own weapons, were marxist wants to outlaw guns in general but Gandhi stated in his autobiography that depriving the whole nation of arms was the blackest law passed by the British..... Gandhi also differed from marxist on the basis of caste where gandhi distinguished importance of caste which played role of economic guilds....

# # Give examples of monuments of Malwa style of architecture ?

Ans - the Kamal Maula Masjid (c.1400), the Lal Masjid (1405), Dilawar Khan's Masjid (c.1405) and the Masjid of Malik Mughis (1452) , Jami Masjid , Hoshang Shah's Tomb in Mandu.

# # Which are the two phases of Indo Islamic architecture...describe them ?

The first was the early medieval and sultanate phase and the other was the mughal phase when, aided by liberalism of Akbar ..it bloomed as a common cultural heritage of Hindustan.

# # What do u mean by the term pietra dura ?

Ans - Pietra dura called parchin kari in South Asia is a term for inlay tech. Of using cut & fitted highly polished colored stones to create images.. It is considered a decorative art..=> 1st used to built humayun's tomb.. Also used in TaajMahal..

# # Modhera is famous for ?

Ans - Sun temple in gujrat, dedicated to the hindu sun god surya built in 1026 AD by king bhimdev of solanki dynasti...

# # difference between coins those of Kushanas and those of Guptas ?

Ans - Earliest Kushan coinage is generally attributed to Vima Kadphises. The Kushan coins generally depicted iconographic forms drawn from Greek, Mesopotamian, Zorastrian and Indian mythology. Siva, Buddha and Kartikeya were the major Indian deities portrayed. Kushan gold coins influenced subsequent issues, notably those of the Guptas.=> Gupta coinage (4th-6th centuries AD) followed the tradition ofthe Kushans, depicting the king on the obverse and a deityon the reverse; the deities were Indian and the legends werein Brahmi. The earliest Gupta coins are attributed to Samudragupta, Chandragupta II and Kumaragupta and theircoins often commemorate dynastic succession as well assignificant socio-political events, like marriage alliances, the horse sacrifice, etc (King and queen type of coin ofChandragupta 1, Asvamedha type, etc.), or for that matterartistic and personal accomplishments of royal members(Lyrist, Archer, Lion-slayer etc.)

# # Hubble Space Telescope

Ans - The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet , visible, and near infrared spectra . The telescope is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble .=> Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics , such as accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe .=> Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy .=> The HST was built by the United States space agency NASA , with contributions from the European Space Agency, and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute .=> The HST is one of NASA's Great Observatories , along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory , and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

# # why do SKY DIVERS USE A eagle spread position while in air ?

Ans - To stabilise the way they fall and so prevent tumbling. greater cross-sectional area > more air resistance > slower terminal velocity > die another dayAerodynamics

# # what is Terminal velocity citing exmple of a free falling body .?

=> Simply when 'a' becomes 0 during free fall condition the velocity at which the acceleration becomes zero..i.e for a freely falling body when the gravitational pull equals the air drag/resistance..!=> It is the max speed which object can achieve while falling freely

# # financial protectionism

It is the economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas , and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow (according to proponents) fair competition between imports and goods and service produced domestically. This policy contrasts with free trade , where government barriers to trade are kept to a minimum. In recent years, it has become closely aligned with anti-globalization . The term is mostly used in the context of economics , where protectionism refers to policies or doctrines which protect businesses and workers within a country by restricting or regulating trade with foreign nations.

# # what are Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (M-SIPS) ?

Ans MSIPS is investment based scheme. The financial incentives under the scheme are as under: 25% of capital expenditure if the ESDM unit is in non-SEZ and 20 % of capital expenditure if the ESDM unit is within SEZ. This capex subsidy is available for investments made within 10 years from the date of approval of the project. Reimbursement of CVD/excise on capital equipment for non-SEZ units. Reimbursement of central taxes and duties (like custom duties, excise duties and service tax) for 10 years in select high- tech units like fabs, Semiconductor Logic and Memory chips, LCD fabrication.

# # Importance of Guar Gum ...what is it ?

=> Now a days used in fracking of shale gas ..this increased the demand world wide ..and prices shoot up in last few years... big advantage for marginal farmers which used to harvest it.

# # Recent collaborations of National Housing Bank ?

Ans - The New Delhi-based National Housing Bank in collaboration with the Germany-based banking giant, KFW, has announced a first-of-its-kind pilot home- financing option with Euros 50 million being conferred as soft fund by the German counterpart to India.=> Under this scheme, three banks HDFC, Axis and SBI receive the KFW fund through the NHB, with a mandate to deploy the fund in terms of softer interest rates to buyers of homes villas, apartments and other types in green-rated, energy-efficient projects.

# # What significnt works as Raghuram Rajan done aftr tking ovr as chairman of RBI

Ans - 1)raises repo rate and rev.repo rate that would restrict home loans and make liquidity on banks. 2)NPAs of PSU are going down. 3)made a balance between FDI and ministry of finance's decisions for growth in economy. 4)best he has done two things are- cutting down inflation and bring currency value from 67 to 62.

# # Ecologically Sensitive Area of Western Ghats..whats in news ?

=> Min of envt. And earth sci. Have put ban in ESA for mining,nuclear plant or any other such activities=>It has recently been found that Tarpedo, one of the ornamental fish which is endemic to Western Ghats has several evolutionary lineage....=> they declared 60k area as recommeneded by kasturirangan committeee as ESA and immediate shut down for industries,=> The Western Ghats or the Sahydri constitute a mountain range along the western side of India. It is a UNESCO World heritage site..# # Lyon,France is famous for ?

Ans International agency for research on cansar, Boutique, old beautiful buildings, museum , St. georges church, st.peter's palace, metallic tower, opera house, celestins theatre etc

# # What are heat islands ?

Ans - area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas.=> it is a metropolitan area that's a lot warmer than the rural areas surrounding it..Exam. => tokiyo

# # What is the news from the world of cancer ?

=> Vitamin D supplements can prevent condition like cancer, diabetes and heart disease.. so its need to receive the ingredients like sunlight, fish liver oil (foods), eggs etc..

# # SS Badrinath...who is this personality ?

=> an opthalmologist of south india, Sengamedu Srinivasa Badrinath is the founder and Chairman of Sankara Nethralaya ( a not-for-profit missionary institution for ophthalmic care ) in Chennai...

# # Who is Christina Lamb ?

Ans - Christina Lamb is a British journalist who is currently foreign correspondent for The Sunday Times..

# # Mahajan field firing range

The Indian Army's biggest firing range in the desert of Jaisalmer, where real battlefield conditions are simulated to train soldiers in the entire spectrum of war-fighting. The Mahajan Field Firing Range (MFFR) is the armys oldest and biggest practice area in the desert close to the Pakistan border, Recently the Indo-Russian joint military exercise 'INDRA 2013'took place there...

# # How did First World War cause a change in Indian politics => british started appeasing hindu nationalists and alienated muslims..entire propaganda starts here=> rise of various political philosophies in India.=> the rise of the Gandhi who transformed the very nature of the

# # A closer look of Inamgaon=> Inamgaon is a site on the river Ghod, a tributary of the Bhima. It is a megalithic site. It was occupied between 3600 and 2700 years ago.=> Here,adults were generally buried in the ground, laid out straight, with the head towards the north. => Sometimes burials were within the houses. Vessels that probably contained food and water were placed with the dead.=> Archaeologists have found seeds of wheat, barley, rice, pulses, millets, peas and sesame. Bones of a number of animals, many bearing cut marks that show they may have been used as food, have also been found.=> These include cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, and mongoose, besides birds, crocodile, turtle, crab and fish.=> There is evidence that fruits such as ber, amla, jamun, dates and a variety of berries were collected.

# # Political crisis in Bangladesh...write a note

=> Politics of Bangladesh takes place ina framework of a parliamentary .....since 1973 by forming a coalitiongovernment, since they fell 5 seatsshort of a majority. .... Despitepromises, no sign of improvement inthe economic situation surfaced.

# # Give exmples of Vesara style of architecture ?

=> Khajuraho, Brihadeeswarar Temple, Chennakesava Temple, Bhaktavatsalar Temple

# # What are the negative impacts of Electronic media on Society and Culture ?

=> Sheepyfying of people, Misdirection of some realities...=> Print media has its great positiveinfluence on society. Majority of ...Electronic media in its every form is a big source of masscommunication. ... What are thepositive impact of media on Indiansociety?The right to expression is not restricted which results in unwanted and unparliamentary expressions about persons and organisations

# # Global Hunger Index Report is publshd by ??

=> international food policy and research institute , Welthugerthlife, concern worldwide

# # Tax Administration Reform Commission is setup ...why goals ?

Ans - TARC Chairman and Advisor to Finance Minister- Parthasarathi Shome => The term of the 7-member TARC is 18 months, and it will work as an advisory body to the Ministry of Finance.=> To review of the existing mechanism of dispute resolution and methods to widen tax base.=> To recommend measures to strengthen inter-agency information sharing between Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), the Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC), the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), the Enforcement Directorate, and also with banking as well as financial sectors.=> To review the existing mechanism and recommend measures to enhance predictive analysis to detect and prevent tax and economic offences, said an official statement.=> To recommend a system to enforce better tax mechanism by size, segment and nature of taxes and taxpayers that should cover methods to encourage voluntary tax compliance.

# # Sir Roger Dowler ?

=> siraj ud daula.. sumtyms called " Sir Roger Dowler " or " Sir Roger Dowlah " by some of his British contemporaries, & " Sau Raja Dowla " by John Holwell .

# # Where do u find Anthracite coal deposits in India ?

=> anthracite coal best quality coal carbon contains 98%.. and it also known as hard coal... find in Jammu & kashmir..

# # What is knwn as brown coal ?

=> Lignite is most crumby and lowest quality coal.. some times its called brown coal.. Lignite contains the lowest level of fixed carbon (25 to 35 percent) and highest level of moisture (typically 20 to 40 percent by weight..

# # What was called by Nehru as fountain of prosperity ?

=> During 1958-59, geological and geophysical survey were carried out in Ankaleshwar for Oil,on 14th May 1960, the first indication of oil & gas was observed n then The first commercially producing well of ONGC was christened as Vasudhara by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 23rd June 1960.ONGC, the nascent organization took the Giant Leap from the unknown Ankleshwar,thus Nehru called Ankaleshwar as as fountain of prosperity.

# # Identify three importnt oil fields in North east India ?

=> Digboi is known as the Oil City of Assam where the first oil well in Asia was drilled. The first refinery was started here as early as 1901. Digboi has the oldest oil well in operation.=> DigBoy, Johrahat, Rudrasagar, naharkatiya, moran-hugrijan.

# # Tattapani geothermal fields ?=> First Geothermal power plant of India, To be establish in Chattisgar, and its geothermal potential is nearabout 10,000 MW

# # Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion....and oppurtunities in India....write a note India

=> Harnessing energy from the difference between the radiated energy of tides=> It has a vast potentiality of producing renewable energy. India being a country with more than 7000kms coastline, has a vast potential to produce the otec and meet her energy needs

# # What is a Scheduled commercial bank?

=> Commercial banks are those which follow bank rate and comes under schedule of RBI.which are notified under rbi act 1934 schedule list(2)

# # why Norwegian ocean current is Warm ?

=> The gulf stream drift is one of d strongest ocean current. It reach north atlantic drift. So norway current is warm eventhough its near pole.=> Extension of nad because of lower latitudinal

# # Vostok Research Station

Ans - Vostok Station ( lit. "Station East" or "East Station") is a Russian (formerly Soviet ) research station in inland Princess Elizabeth Land , Antarctica . The station lies at the southern Pole of Cold, with the lowest reliably measured natural temperature on Earth of 89.2 C (128.6 F). Research includes ice core drilling and magnetometry . Vostok (Russian for "east" ) was named after Vostok, the lead ship of the First Russian Antarctic Expedition captained by Fabian von Bellingshausen (the second ship Mirny captained by Mikhail Lazarev became the namesake for Mirny Station)It is coldest place on earth.

# # Hazarduari Palace ?

=> IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS bara kothi..it is situated in mursidabad West Bengal located in murshidabad, west bengal.. earlier known as bara kothi.. total area of this palace 41 acers.. built in 1837.. in 1985 , the palace was handed over to the Archaeological Survey of India for better preservation.. there are more than thousand real and false doors...

# # Katyayana ? who was he ?

=> Ktyyana (c. 3rd century BC) was a Sanskrit grammarian , mathematician and Vedic priest who lived in ancient India .He is known for two works:The Varttika , an elaboration on Pini grammar. Along with the Mahbhsya of Patajali , this text became a core part of the Vykarana ( grammar) canon. This was one of the six Vedangas, and constituted compulsory education for students in the following twelve centuries.He also composed one of the later Sulba Sutras , a series of nine texts on the geometry of altar constructions, dealing with rectangles, right-sided triangles, rhombuses, etc.

# # what are sulbha sutras?

Ans- The Shulba Sutras or ulbastras ( Sanskrit : "string, cord, rope") are sutra texts belonging to the rauta ritual and containing geometry related to fire-altar construction.The Shulba Sutras are part of the larger corpus of texts called the Shrauta Sutras , considered to be appendices to the Vedas . They are the only sources of knowledge of Indian mathematics from the Vedic period . Unique fire-altar shapes were associated with unique gifts from the Gods. For instance, "he who desires heaven is to construct a fire-altar in the form of a falcon"; "a fire-altar in the form of a tortoise is to be constructed by one desiring to win the world of Brahman" and "those who wish to destroy existing and future enemies should construct a fire-altar in the form of a rhombus".

The four major Shulba Sutras, which are mathematically the most significant, are those composed by Baudhayana , Manava , Apastamba and Katyayana , about whom very little is known. The texts are dated by comparing their grammar and vocabulary with that of other Vedic texts. The texts have been dated from around 800 BCE to 200 CE, with the oldest being a sutra attributed to Baudhayana around 800 BCE to 600 BCE.

# # who were the Nayanmars ?

=> The Nayanars or Nayanmars were devotional saint poets of Shiva in Tamil Nadu who were active between the fifth and tenth centuries CE. The Tamil haiva (related to Shiva) hagiography Periya Puranam (a volume of the Tirumurai written during the 13th century CE) narrates the history of each of sixty- three Nayanars and the history of nine Thokai Adiyars.

# # what is Ekman Transport ?=> Net transport of the effected surface layer will be perpendicular when it will be affected by current forcing.; Same like Fleming's left hand rule

# # Escrow means ?

=> similar to 'power of attorney'? Agreement between the two parties in the hand of a third neutral party.when two transacting parties appoints third trusted party to transact on the behalf of them

# # only female Varkari saint to have attained sainthood based solely on her devotion, without the support of any guru, male Varkari saint ?=> ...it was Kanhopatra

# # what is significance of 16 degree - 18 degree latitude area of bAY OF Bengal

=>Is it mostly the common origin of cyclones that hit India=> From the co-variation of mixed-layer depth and the sea-surface height during March to May, the boundary between the propagation of Oceanic Rossby waves are created due to the interaction of warm upper layer and cool deeper layers rather than the local atmospheric forcing. Its action is also reffered by the Thermocline Movement. This belt is rich in nitrates and the possibility of oil is prominent in the area covered... even the discovered Godavari Basin falls in its nearby area

# # which Five-year Plan marked the beginning of economic liberalisation /?=> 6th

# # Inner Line Permit (ILP)

Inner Line Permit is required for Indian citizens to enter Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram. Inner Line Permit is issued under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 The Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order 1958 states that a Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required for non-Indian citizens to visit certain areas in India (mainly in the North-East ). Certain requirements have to be fulfilled in order to get this permit. Indian citizens who are not resident in these areas need an Inner Line Permit (ILP) to enter these places allows any Indian citizen to move freely throughout the territory of the country. the imposition of d ILP under Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulatn 1873 wil b an ultra-vires 2 Art 19 (d) of the Indian Constitution.

# # what are the things mentioned in Hathigumpha inscriptionz ?

the information about the kaling ruler Kharvel and a specific mentioning of Chanakya. 6 miles from dhauli the info is about the chandragupta maurya coronation and the conflict against Demetrius. And which also suggests Kharavela had ties wit Pushyamitra Sunga...and thats why the attack on Rajgriha to get rid of Yavanas but nvr annexed it to his territory

# # largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent ?

=> chilka lake ..

# # why is Dhauli an important early historic urban centre ?

famous rock edicts of ashoka and due to kalinga war dhauli is famous historic urban city derz one river named Daya der..and during war it turned red by blood ,,nd hence he decided to built lots of stupas chaityas nd today it is a buddhist pilgrimage center

# # Write a comment...Baiju Bawra >?

=> Famous Indian Dhrupad singer from Gwalior and Courtier of Raja Mansingh Tomar..=> He had been in the court of Akbar.. and legends praise his talents even higher than Tansen.

# # what are Tropic Hormones ?

=> Tropic hormones are hormones produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary that target endocrine glands.=> a hormone that has a growth effect, hyperplasia or hypertrophy , on the tissue it is stimulating. Exa. ACTH TSH

# # Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are ?=> ACTH TSH FSH LH ICSH GH PRL LEPTIN

# # why do Lizards Moult?

=> moult is vital for maintaining the animal's quality of vision..=> Lizards shed their skin to allow for growth, as well as to remove parasites along with their old skin.=> Lizards consume their shed skin 4 calcium, grooming & othr nutrients=> it in order to make way for the new skin.

# # Panchasakhas ?

=> Five Oriya poets emerged during the late 15th and 16th centuries: Balaram Das, Jagannath Das, Achyutananda Das, Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das. Although they wrote over a span of one hundred years they are collectively known as the "Panchasakhas", since they adhered to the same school of thought, Utkaliya Vaishnavism. The word "pancha" means five and the word "sakha", friend.=> Balaram Dass Jagamohan Ramayan provided one pillar, along with Sarala-Das's Mahabharata, upon which subsequent Oriya literature was built. His Laksmi Purana is considered the first manifesto of womens liberation or feminism in Indian literature.=> Shri Achyutananda Das was the most prolific writer of the Panchasakhas and wrote numerous books or pothis . One of his significant beliefs was in reincarnation. He is known as the Mahapurusha, meaning great man. He was learned in Ayurvedic medicine, other sciences and social regulations.

# # difference between Smriti and Shruti literature ?

=> Shruti or sacred knowledge is specially applied to branch of literature which has been handed down by verbal transmission and is known as vedas.=> The Vedangas are Smriti.The most important contribution of this period is the composition of Vedangas. These Vedangas are regarded as less authoritative than Sruti and are styled Smriti.=> They are six : 1. Siksha (phonetics) 2. Kalpa (ritual) 3. Vyakaran (grammar) 4. Nirukta (etymology) 5. Chhand (metrics) 6. Jyotish (astronomy)

The basic difference is Veda and Vedanga respectively.

# # Vishishtadvaita ?

=> Vishishtadvaita is a non-dualistic school of Vedanta philosophy. It is non-dualism of the qualified whole, in which Brahman alone exists, but is characterised by multiplicity. It can be described as qualified monism or qualified . => Ramanujacharya

# # Decribe 'Gaudiya Vaishnavism'

=> Religious movement found by Chaitanaya Mahaprabhu in Gauda(Bengal Region).

# # Achintya Bheda Abheda....what , when , who

=> Achintya means 'inconceivable',bheda translates as 'difference', and abheda translates as 'non-difference'.=> It is a school of Vedanta representing the philosophy of inconceivable one-ness and difference,in relation to the power creation and creator, svayam bhagavan and also between God and his energies within the Gaudiya Vaishnava religious tradition. => This philosophy was taught by this movement's theological founder Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and differentiates the Gaudiya tradition from the other Vaishnava Sampradaya.

# # What is difference between tier 1 ,tier 2 and tier 3 capital?

=> conservation increases of the capital with tier rise- 1 means those of share and other disclosed reserves, 2 means general provisions and undisclosed reserves and 3 means the capital kept reserved for crisis (risk management).

# # Jehangir court - Abul Hasan ?

=> Mughal painter in Jehangir court..most famous painting is 'squirrels in a plane tree'.. titled as 'wonder of the age'.

# # achievements of Peshwa Bajrao 1 ?

=> He never lost a battle,declined the influence of syed brothers and weakened Mughals,moved the capital from Satara to Pune .=> Under his command,Marathas defeated the Siddis,Portuguese, and Nizam, Bangash and other generals.He created many kingdoms also like Scindias,Holkars and Pawars to get the Maratha Empire expanded. J N Sarkar has called him a heaven born cavalry leader

# # Keshav Dev Temple

=> turned out to becoming krishna janmabhumi temple in Ayodhya replacing that of the original temple near it.

# # Gadhwal Raja 'Govindchandra' ?

=> Chandravanshi Rajput and 71st Chanderi King of princely state of Bilaspur (Himachl pradesh )=> Defeated Islamic invaders prior to 1109AD and encroached Magadh.

# # All the Kushans were patrons of Buddhism except ?=> kanishka!!!

# # what is Vorticity ?=> Fluid dynamic equation used to calculate the vortex of any spiral caused in them. I'm not sure of the equation, though.=> the ability to form vortices..(it means the sppining ability of the fluid),wherever there is a difference being experienced in the volumetric flow rate associated with them.=> Navier-stokes is used for it. two times the angular velocity of rotating fluid in fluid dynamics

# # write on the following in 150 words .1 . RASUKA=> The National Security Act 1980 is an act of the Indian Parliament whose purpose is "to provide for preventive detention in certain cases and for matters connected therewith." The act extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir . This act empowers the Central Government and State Governments to detain a person to prevent him/her from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of India, the relations of India with foreign countries, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenanceof supplies and services essential to the community it is necessary so to do. The act also gives power to the governments to detain a foreigner in a view to regulate his presence or expel from the country. The act was passed in 1980 during the Charan Singh Government

2. POTA=> The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 ( POTA ) was an anti-terrorism legislation enacted by the Parliament of India in 2002. The act was enacted due to several terrorist attacks that took place in India especially the attack on the Parliament . The act replaced the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO) of 2001 and the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) (198595),and was supported by the governing National Democratic Alliance . The act was repealed in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance coalition. The act defined what a "terrorist act" and a "terrorist" is, and granted special powers to the investigating authorities described under the act. To ensure certain powers were not misused and human rights violations would not take place, specific safeguards were built into the act.

3. MOCCA=> Maharashtra control organised crime act.it is enacted by the govt of maharashtra state in 1999 in India.According to this an accused cant get bail in a span time of 6month if she or he accused of pre organised crime like that of sreeshant did in IPl spot fixing scam ,arun gawli gangster turned politician sentenced life imprisonment in murder case of shiv sena .

# # sine die adjournment ???

Adjournment sine die (from the Latin "without day") means "without assigning a day for a further meeting or hearing". To adjourn an assembly sine die is to adjourn it for an indefinite period. A legislative body adjourns sine die when it adjourns without appointing a day on which to appear or assemble again. It can be used in reference to legislatures whose terms or mandates are coming to an end, and it is anticipated that this particular body will not meet again. A legislative body adjourned in this way may be called back into special session, a reason why sine die adjournment rather than dissolution may be preferred in some cases.

# # Wallace line and Weber's line ?

=> weber line : line seperating flora and fauna=> walllace line : seperating australia and asia

# # Well-known mathematician with whom Ramanujan worked ?=> thomas hardy

# # A Popular incident often quoted as an example of Ramanujan's prowess ?=> taxi cab number=> Hardy's visit to Ramunajam and his thus giving of the fact of quality of the number now known as Ramanujam number after him- 1729=> "Every positive integer is one of Ramanujan's personal friends."J. E. Littlewood, upon hearing of the taxicab incident.

# # Ramanujan's first formal paper was on ?=> bernouilli number

# # Which indian state host 2013 World Chess Championship ?=> Chennai

# # Significant work of CNR Rao ?=> nobel prize in the field of solid chemistryrecieved BHART RATNA for his contibution in the field of chemistrySolid state chemistry and Materials sciences

# # Mahasveta Devi in news ..who is she >?

=> Mahasweta Devi, the Bengali novelist and champion of tribal communities, has won ... Last year, she won the Jnanpith award, India's highest literary prize

# # How does EC recognise political parties?

=> to recognize as national party party must be recognize as state party in four statesParty has to fulfill following criteria s either that the party has been conducting its activities for a continuous period of five years, or that the party has got at least 4% of the votes polled in elections to the state assembly

# # Law of the Sea Treaty ???

=> UN convention on the law of sea treaty1982 ,it defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans, establishing guidelines 4 business, the environment & the management of natural resources

# # MANHATTAN PROJECT: ?

=> a project which developed first atomic bomb in world war 2..led by USA with support of UK n cananda

# # Indias nuclear program: Three stages: which are they?

=> Stage 1 include BWR PHWR HWR, pressurised heavy water reactor..stage 2 include FBR, fast breeder reactorStage 3 include AHWR ...3.thorium based reactor

# # What is Uranium Enrichment ?

=> Increasing the concentration of U-235 from 0.7 to 5% for power production purpose and to 20 % for weapons=> Uranium is found in a composite form where U 235 & 238 are present in 0.7% and 99.3% concentration respectively.=> U-235 is used in nuclear reactors as fuel.... so it is enriched by using centrifuges process in which % composition of uranium is increase by isotope separation..very imp from civil nuclear and nuclear military program..in manhattan project enriched uranium ws used

# # important features of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2013 are

**The Bill provides for five per cent reservation in public sector jobs and makes the private sector more accountable for creating a disabled-friendly environment.**It provides incentives for the private sector to take such measures.**On political participation, the proposed law says every person with disability who fulfils eligibility requirements is entitled to be registered as a voter.**He/she should not be disqualified from exercising the voting right on the grounds of disability, irrespective of any stipulation to the contrary in any law for the time being in force.**Any person who is unable to vote in person due to disability or because of admission to hospital for treatment is entitled to opt for postal ballot, says the Bill.**It requires the Election Commission to ensure that all polling stations are accessible to persons with disabilities.**The proposed law also allows mentally unsound women the right to fertility and prescribes punishment for forced abortion or hysterectomy on them

# # Which constitutional amendment is associated with giving effect to the acquiring of territories by India and transfer of territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreement between the two countries?

=> 119 const. amnd bill......aur shayad berubari case jab 1971 tak elongate hua to indira-mujib accord me bhi kuch aisa hi hua tha..

# # President Pranab Mukherjee during 2013 launched the Bichitra online project, which is a project containing texts and records of a famous Indian writer. Which writer is this?

=> Bichitra, an online collection of RabindranathTagores works, wouldinculcate the essence of humanity and eternal values of civilisation as propagated by Tagore in his creations.

# # India is the 19th-largest exporter and the 10th-largest importer in the world.

# # what our Constitution says about alteration of boundary with other neighbor countries and what to do with Basic structure & Sovereignty of India.

=> Can not violate the basic structure of constitution ...but have the supreme power only to parliament...if there is increase in area by aby means ie deal ...acquisition by war etc it does not require const amendment but if any agreement causes net loss if area to india it requires const. amendmentonly parliament has the power to do so, not the state legislatures, and while doing so, it must not give effect to the basic strusture of the constituion

# # Berubani dispute between India and Pakistan???

=> India and east pakistan...berubari is a place in bengal...disputed with pakistan as it was not in record files in radcliff`s document...so from 1952 pak starts demanding it to be its place....later nehru decided to give it to pak without even talking with people of beubari and CM of bengal....after that 12000 wrote a letter to Dr. Rajendra Prasad with their blood that they can give their live but berubari not....so dr.saab took advice from CJI (143) ...finally constn amended and nehru won the case(after his death) and decided to give that to pak....but after 1971 war...indira mujib accord...a Teen Beegha corridor imp one ...and berubari remained in india...=> It was a reference made by president to supreme court under article 143 on the implementation of india pakistan agreement relating to the enclaves and berubari union ...And also in the famous case of berubari union the supreme court said that preamble is not the part of constitution it is just for the reference if something in the constitution is ambiguous

# # ideology of maoists in india ???=> they are left wing socialists They r the inseparable part of the ideology which boasts the violence and usurping of the democratic Government which is not legitimate as per their view and in order to bring stability and righteous one to rule they have taken up to armed struggle against the rulers.. so they crate the current govt. and establish their rule.=> Revolution through war . They don't believe in democracy... they want public rule (which even they don't know what is, and still to be witnessed in the world ).poltical power arisez from barrel of gun.... they want equality in economy... no rich no poor.. all r equal..according to them India has fake democracy....the govt which rules doesnt have even 30% mndate but it rules 100%.

# # Describe Vertisols..its properties nd wherr it is found

=> Soil with high clay content, these soils an too sticky and unworkable when wet and very hard when dry and has low fertility status.Found in eastern Australia , the Deccan Plateau of India.

# # Selvas ..write features=> A dense tropical rain forest usually having a cloud cover, feature includes an abundance of mosses, ferns, orchids and other epiphytic plants on every tree and rock surface.

# # Describe the pastoral life of Masais

=> The masais are negroid pastorals who inhabit the savannah grasslands of Africa. They are famouse for their hunting prowess and red clock they wear.

# # Define primary,secondary and tertiary sex ratios

=> It is generally divided into four subdivisions:primary sex ratio ratio at fertilizationsecondary sex ratio ratio at birthtertiary sex ratio ratio in sexually active organisms.Also called adult sex ratio and abbreviated to ASR. ASR is defined as the proportion of adults in a population that are male.quaternary sex ratio ratio in post-reproductive organismsMeasuring these is a problem since they lack clear boundaries.

# # The Aral Sea is located between??

=> The Aral Sea is located between twocountries, the Uzbekistan and Kazakstan,which were both formerly part of theSoviet Union.The Aral Sea was a lake lying between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan...

# # Describe Khartoum geographically...

=> Khartoum, Sudan, the national capital. It is at thejunction of the Blue Nile and White Nile rivers,near the southern edge of the Sahara. With theadjacent cities of Omdurman and KhartoumNorth, Khartoum makes up Sudan's largest urbancenter.=> Khartoum is the national capital of Sudan,the Khartoum state lies in the climatic semi-desert region while northern areas lie in desert zones. The climate of the state is ranging from hot to very hot. The weather is rainy in summers, cold and dry in winters. Average rainfall reaches 100200 mm in the north-eastern areas and 300200 mm in the North Western areas.

# # What is Teleology ?

=> A teleology is any philosophical account which holds that final causes exist in nature , meaning that design and purpose analogous to that found in human actions are inherent also in the rest of nature.Teleology was explored by Plato and Aristotle , by Saint Anselm around 1000 AD, and later by Immanuel Kant in his critique of judgment .It was fundamental to the speculative philosophy of Hegel .

# # Books written by Al Beruni ?=> Ta'rikh al-Hind , The Mas'udi Canon, Understanding Astrology

# # What is Adiabatic and Anabatic and Katabatic winds ?

=> Mountain Winds as they occur most frequently in mountainous areas, meteorologist call them Katabatic or Anabatic Winds.=> Anabatic Winds are upslope winds driven by warmer surface temperatures on a mountain slope than the surrounding air column. Katabatic winds are downslope winds created when the mountain surface is colder than the surrounding air and creates a down slope wind.=> Katabatic wind may range over fairly large areas as in the case of the Santa Anna winds experienced throughout southern California during certain times of the year

# # Ibn Batutta in court of Muhammand Bin Tughlaq ...describe

Muhammad bin Tughluq was renowned as the wealthiest man in the Muslim World at that time. Hepatronized various scholars, Sufis, qadis, viziers and other functionaries in order to consolidate hisrule. As with Mamluk Egypt, the Tughlaq Dynasty was a rare vestigial example of Muslim rule inAsia after the Mongol invasion. On the strength of his years of study in Mecca, Ibn Battuta wasappointed a qadi, or judge, by the sultan. He found it difficult to enforce Islamic laws beyond thesultan's court in Delhi, due to lack of Islamic appeal in India. [39]From the Rajput Kingdom of Sarsatti, he visited Hansi in India, describing it as "among the mostbeautiful cities, the best constructed and the most populated; it is surrounded with a strong wall,and its founder is said to be one of the great infidel kings, called Tara". [40] Upon his arrival inSindh , Ibn Battuta mentions the Indian rhinoceros that lived on the banks of the Indus.The Sultan was erratic even by the standards of the time and for six years Ibn Battuta veeredbetween living the high life of a trusted subordinate and falling under suspicion of treason for avariety of offences. His plan to leave on the pretext of taking another hajj was stymied by the Sultan, who asked him instead tobecome his ambassador to Yuan Dynasty China. Given the opportunity to get away from the Sultan and visit new lands, he readilyaccepted.

# # What r ur views on the current RBI monetary policy by Raghuram Rajan ?

=> Its quite unorthodox..also CPI is problem..its fr a short time monetary policy can always be only a temporary and emergency solution to inflation especially in case of india where there r supply side constaints rather than demand side....monetary manuvers no doubt are necessary but hav their own limitations...thus fiscal policies hav to provide boost to increase production better access to markets infrastruxture growth etc. so while considering the heavy rate of inflation rbi could hav increased rates but overall it is to b managed fiscally

# # Role of CVC in current Lokpal bill

=> CVC has a staff strength of between 200 and 250 employees. [14] If one went by international standards, India needs 28,500 anti- corruption staff in CVC to check corruption of 57 lakh employees. There has been considerable delay in many cases for grant of sanction for prosecution against corrupt government officials. The permission to prosecute such officials acts as a deterrent in the drive to eradicate corruption and bring transparency in the system.

# # Classical dances of India..nd states..giv its features

Bharatanatyam is a dance of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It traces its origins back to the Natyashastra, an ancient treatise on theatre written by the mythic priest Bharata. Originally a temple dance for women, bharatanatyam often is used to express Hindu religious stories and devotions. It was not commonly seen on the public stage until the 20th century. The dance movements are characterized by bent legs, while feet keep rhythm. Hands may be used in a series of mudras, or symbolic hand gestures, to tell a story.

Kathakali comes from southwestern India, around the state of Kerala. Like bharatanatyam, kathakali is a religious dance. It draws inspiration from the Ramayana and stories from Shaiva traditions. Kathakali is traditionally performed by boys and men, even for female roles. The costumes and makeup are especially elaborate, with faces made to look like painted masks and enormous headdresses.

A dance of northern India, Kathak is often a dance of love. It is performed by both men and women. The movements include intricate footwork accented by bells worn around the ankles and stylized gestures adapted from normal body language. It was originated by Kathakas, professional storytellers who used a mixture of dance, song, and drama. Like other Indian dances it began as a temple dance, but soon moved into the courts of ruling houses.

Manipuri comes from Manipur in northeastern India. It has its roots in that states folk traditions and rituals, and often depicts scenes from the life of the god Krishna. Unlike some of the other, more rhythmic dances, Manipuri is characterized by smooth and graceful movements. Female roles are especially fluid in the arms and hands, while male roles tend to have more forceful movements. The dance may be accompanied by narrative chanting and choral singing.

Unlike the other styles mentioned, kuchipudi requires talent in both dancing and singing. This dance, from the state of Andhra Pradesh in southeastern India, is highly ritualized, with a formalized song-and- dance introduction, sprinkling of holy water, and burning of incense, along with invocations of goddesses. Traditionally the dance was performed by men, even the female roles, although now it is predominantly performed by women.

Odissi is indigenous to Orissa in eastern India. It is predominantly a dance for women, with postures that replicate those found in temple sculptures. Based on archaeological findings, odissi is belived to be the oldest of the surviving Indian classical dances. Odissi is a very complex and expressive dance, with over fifty mudras (symbolic hand gestures) commonly used.

Mohiniyattam is an Indian classical dance form that evolved in Kerala . Women dancers basically perform it and its movements are very graceful. Mohini means an enchantress. It basically includes a white saree with gold borders and jewellery charming the audience. The dance has the mnemonic syllables, which are sung. Though the dance units in Mohiniyattam are limited, its distinct features are the exemplary grace and the measured movements.

Sattriya is a classical dance that belongs to Assam . Its origin lies in five hundred years old theatre tradition nourished in the Vaishnava Monasteries of Assam. It was popular among the holy monks. It has been extracted from a massive organisation of theatrical activities which constitutes the Ankiya Bhaona form. It got its name from the monasteries. Sattras are monasteries of the followers of Lord Vishnu. It has a rhythmic beat and a sensitive style. It is gender specific. The upper part of the body is given in to melody, and the lower part is generally surrendered to interpreting rhythms. Abhinaya or expression is also an essential part of the whole process.

# # What r current Ragging laws in India..giv details

In 1997, the state of Tamil Nadu first passed laws related to ragging Subsequently, a major boost to anti-ragging efforts was given by a landmark judgement of the Supreme Court of India in May 2001, [24] in response to a Public Interest Litigation filed by the Vishwa Jagriti Mission.The Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), following a directive by the Supreme court, appointed a seven member panel headed by ex- CBI director Dr. R. K. Raghavan to recommend anti-ragging measures. The Raghavan Committee report, submitted to the court in May 2007, includes a proposal to include ragging as a special section under the Indian Penal Code . The Supreme Court of India interim order (based on the recommendations) dated 16 May 2007 makes it obligatory for academic institutions to file official First Information Reports with the police in any instance of a complaint of ragging. This would ensure that all cases would be formally investigated under criminal justice system, and not by the academic institutions own ad-hoc bodies.The Indian Supreme Court has taken a strong stand to prevent ragging. In 2006, the court directed the H.R.D. Ministry of the Govt. of India to form a panel which will suggest guidelines to control ragging. The panel, headed by the former director of C.B.I. Dr. R.K.Raghavan, met victims, guardians and others across the country. The Raghavan committee has placed its recommendation to the Hon'ble Supreme Court, which has given its order on the

# # Coastal State which has more inland fishery than marine fishery?

=> kerala

# # Role of CBI under the present Lokpal Bill passed recently ?

=> The Lokpal will have powers of superintendence over cases referred by it to the CBI. Any officer of the CBI investigating a case referred to it by the Lokpal will not be transferred without its approval. The Centre will fund the CBI investigations into the matters referred to it by the Lokpal.

# # Ural Mountains ...location ?

=> The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic.

# # Enlist state birds of different states of India

=> Andhra Pradesh Indian RollerArunachal Pradesh Great HornbillAssam White-winged Wood DuckBihar House SparrowChhattisgarh Hill MynaDelhi House SparrowGoa Black-crested bulbulGujarat Greater FlamingoHaryana Black Francolin Himachal Pradesh Western TragopanJammu and Kashmir Black-necked craneJharkhand Asian KoelKarnataka Indian RollerKerala Great HornbillLakshadweep Sooty TernMeghalaya Hill MynaMadhya Pradesh Asian Paradise FlycatcherMaharashtra Yellow-footed Green PigeonManipur Mrs. Hume's PheasantMizoram Mrs. Hume's PheasantNagaland Blyth's TragopanOdisha Indian RollerPuducherry Asian koelPunjab Northern GoshawkRajasthan Great Indian BustardSikkim Blood Pheasant Tamil Nadu Emerald DoveUttarakhand Himalayan MonalUttar Pradesh Sarus CraneWest Bengal White-breasted Kingfisher

# # Chernozems ..write a note

=> it is knwn as black soil. ..bt quite difr frm blk soil. .blk soil is made of valcanic lava. .chrnojm is found in sub temperate zone(30dg to 45 dgr) continental climate. . Lik as stepes in rusia, preyri in america n pampas waldes n downs grslnds.. Its fertile due to less rainfal and leachng proces dsnt hapens. .lot of humus. .=> Chernozems is black dirt" or "black earth", is a black-coloured soil containing a high percentage of humus( 7% to 15%), and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural yield.it is a russian word means black earth or black dirt...generally known as black soil. Found in russia, serbian area and ukraine..Black soil contain large amount of phosphoric acid and ammonia give high agricultural yield

# # UMEED initiative ?=> It is an initiative by umeed to imbibed life skills in young adult through a group counselling processUmeed as an organization is committed to skill building and expertise sharing with people in the field of psychology and education. => Mission: Enable, Empower and Energize populace for leading a stress free, healthy & happy life.

# # Largest fishery producing state in India

=> Fishing is a diverse industry in India. The table below presents the top ten fish harvesting states in India, for the 2007-2008 agriculture year.Leading fish producing states in India, 20072008Rank.State Total production (metric tonnes)1 West Bengal 1,447,2602 Andhra Pradesh 1,010,8303 Gujarat 721,9104 Kerala 667,3305 Tamil Nadu 559,3606 Maharashtra 556,4507 Orissa 349,4808 Uttar Pradesh 325,9509 Bihar 319,10010 Karnataka 297,690

# # Rohtang pass

=> Himachal Pradesh...known for peak point and usually covered with snow and rides like skiing, paragliding=> Rohtang Pass (altitude 3,978 m or 13,051 ft),is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around 51 km (32 mi) from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India.

# # Hegel developed a comprehensive philosophical framework, or "system", of Absolute idealism to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature , the subject and object of knowledge, psychology, the state , history , art , religion, and philosophy. In particular, he developed the concept that mind or spirit manifested itself in a set of contradictions or oppositions that it ultimately integrated and united without eliminating either pole. Examples of such contradictions include those between bondage and freedom, between immanence and transcendence , between universal and particular, between artificial and natural, between God and man, between divine and human, and between infinite and finite.

# # Barbery States denotes ?

=> North African states of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia which were famouse for Ottoman sponsored piracy during the Middle Agesmorocco ; tunisia ; algeria of north africa..

# # Differnce between Polar front jet streams and sub tropical jet front ?

=> polar jet streams r those streams which arise due to blow of winds in polar regions n sub tropical jet front r those which arise due to blow of winds in sub tropical areas.=> There are two main jet streams at polar latitudes, and two minor subtropical streams closer to the equator. The polar jet streams are most commonly found between latitudes 30N and 70N and the subtropical stream between latitudes 20N and 50N for . Their wind speeds vary according to temperature and average about 35 mph during the winter and 75 mph during the summer.=> The polar dominated streams travel westerly, the subtropical travel easterly.polar ftont jet streams r in summers while with arrival of winters polar jets migrate towards equatorily and bcome sub tropical responsible for the formation of western disturbances(temperate cyclone) over NW india

# # in vedic times TRADERS were called as ?=> Pani

# # Barbaricum

=> Barbaricum has been mentioned by numerous foreign sources and was a great port and a market town. Barbaricum imported a great deal of fine clothing, linen, precious stones, silver, gold plates, and wine from different parts of the world. On the other hand, it exported various commodities, particularly cotton cloth, silk yarn, and indigo, produced in different parts of India.

# # Vaisheshika is profounded by ?=> Kanada

# # what was the contribution of BADRAYANA ?=> Utthara mimamsa was the contribution of badarayana

# # tell something about a women figure of vedic history named LOPAMUDRA

=> Wife of Sage Agastya and an ancient philosopher.=> She is the wife of sage agasthya and she composed one hymn of rig veda. she had another title kaushithaki. She is famous for her hymn which reminds her husband of his household duties.

# # Vedanta was profounded by ?=> Vedantha means end of the vedas. Propounded by adi shankara=> there are 3 main schools of vedanta- advaita vedanta by shankara, dvaita vedanta by Madhava n visheshadvaita by ramanuja...

# # write abt the musical instrument Shehnai ...bckgrnd histry .famous artist ..etc etc

=> The shehnai , shahnai , shenai or mangal vadya is a double reed oboe, common in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Iran, made out of wood, with a metal flare bell at the end. Its sound is thought to create and maintain a sense of auspiciousness and sanctity and, as a result, is widely used during marriages , processions , and in temples, although it is also played in concerts. Shenai is similar to South India's nadaswaram => Origin of the shehnaiThe ancestor of North Indian shehnai is believed to be from Persian Surna (Sur = feast, Nai= Ney = flute). The shehnai is thought to have been developed by improving upon the pungi (a woodwind folk instrument used primarily for snake charming).There are varying legends of the shehnai's origin. In one of these, a shah initially banned the playing of the pungi in his court due to its shrill sound. A barber, belonging to a family of musicians, improved on it and created the shehnai. As it was played in the Shah's court and giving due reference to the nai or barber, the new instrument was called shehnai .=> Some exponents of the shehnai are:Ustad Bismillah Khan , who was a well-known Shehnai Player (19162006), Founder Of Shehnai Instrument in Classical Platform to the world., Ustad Ali Ahmad Hussain, Pt. Anant Lal (19272011), Pandit S. Ballesh, Pt. Raghunath Prasanna (19131999), Pt. Rajendra Prasanna

# # first word of Rig veda?=> agni

# # Mimansa was profounded by ?=> Jaimini

# # write some info about mimansa

=> Mimamsa means logic or debate or inquisitiveness or enquiry. They are not much concerned about the existence of god but want to depict the character of god. Hence it is divided into theist school and atheistic school.

# # describe the Panchaytana type of temple

=> Pancha means five and ayathna means abode of god or yatna means god. The main shrine is surrounded by four shrines. Ganeshadi pancha devathas are in vogue. Ganesha surya vishnu rudra and devi are pancha devathas. Kandaraya and lakshamana temples are examples of panchayathana type

# # enlist the works of Kalidasa

=> meghdootam,Ritusamharam,Raghuvansham,Abhigyan-Shakuntalam=> Kalidas wrote dramas and lyrics. Rithusamharam megadutam are lyrics. Raghuvamsam kumarasambhavam and abhijnanasakunthalam are dramas

# # Pliny in contexxt of India ?

=> Pliny the elder wrote natural history. In thia work he depicted roman trade with ancient india. He bewailed that annually 18 cisterns of gold coin downpoured into india. Hence balance of trade is in favour of I dia. He also complained that the roman ladies were full of indian muslins. The moral code of rome became null and void due to use of this fine muslin.

# # factor IX deficiency, or Christmas disease ?

=> haemophilia B=> after a young boy named Stephen Christmas .. he was found to be lacking this exact factor, leading to hemophilia . discovrd in 1952

# # U.N. Security Council Resolution 1172

=> adopted unanimously on 6 June 1998, after hearing of nuclear tests conducted byIndia and Pakistan in May 1998, the Council condemned the tests and demanded that both countries refrain from engaging in further tests.

# # What are Antigens and what are antibodies ?

=> An antigen is any substance that causes ur immune system 2 produce antibodies against it. it may be a foreign substance 4m d environment such as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen. may also be formed within d body, as wid bacterial toxins or tissue cells.=> An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Each type of antibody is unique and defends the body against one specific type of antigen. Antibodies may be produced when the immune system mistakenly considers healthy tissue a harmful substance. This is called an autoimmune disorder.

# # Vhf (very high frequency) applications

=> FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, land mobile stations (emergency, business, private use and military), long range data communication up to several tens of kilometres with radio modems , amateur radio , and marine communications.

# # Fullerene..write a note

=> applications-especially in materials science , electronics, and nanotechnology .=> Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite , which is composed of stacked graphene sheets of linked hexagonal rings; but they may also contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings.

# # define Specific Absorption rate >?

=> Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of the rateat which energy is absorbed by the human body whenexposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagneticfield ; although, it can also refer to absorption of otherforms of energy by tissue, including ultrasound.=> It isdefined as the power absorbed per mass of tissue andhas units of watts per kilogram (W/kg).=> It is defined as in which the rate of absortption of molecule takes place in a unit cubic area of a substance's surfaces

# # Why was Arjun Sengupta committee setup and what were itz findings ?>

=> To look into functioning of public sector unitsMemorandum of understanding is the concept which came as output.

# # what r Social Security Agreements (SSAs) ?

=> SSAs are Agreements with foreign countries for securing a better deal for Indian nationals working abroad. Government has already approved signing of agreements with Germany, Netherlands, Oman and Bahrain.=> SSAs are bilateral agreements between India and other countries designed to protectthe interests of cross border workers. They provide for avoidance of no coverage ordouble coverage and equality of treatment of the workers of both countries.=> first nation with whom v signed is Belgium ...in 2006

# # why r Pigs regarded as amplifying hosts ?

=> Pigs are amplifyinghosts, in that the virus reproducesin pigs and infects mosquitoes thattake blood meals, but does notcause disease. The virus tends tospill over into human populationswhen infected mosquitopopulations build up explosively andthe human biting rate increases (these culicines are normallyzoophilic, i.e. they prefer to takeblood meals from animals).

# # Which animals suffer from Foot and Mouth Disease ? ..what happens to them nd how is itz behavour ?

=> Cow suffer.. When in mouth it salivate more nd jst red rashes occur buffelows,cows most frequent survivor of fmd,its happens due to virus sat1,sat2 ,the virus is attack mostly in wet areas where these animals are existng,bt ths virus cnnt survive in human body ,thatswhy its nt occus in human beings

# # The cattle from temperate region have higher milk production. wHY ?

=> The key environmental factors that influence overall livestock productivity fall within three major areas; the physical environment; biological diversity and the socio- economic environment. The degree to which these factors impact on productivity will differ between the agro- ecological regions and between production systems. The level of production achieved by a particular genotype in harsh environments depends on the contribution and expression of many different traits which may be partitioned into those directly involved with production,

# # ENLIST DESI BREEDS FOUND OF COW IN INDIA

=> There are 22 breeds of Indian cows and found that in five milk yielding Indian cows -- Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Rathi and Gir , devni, pandhrpuriThe origin of the breed is in the Gir forest region and surrounding districts of Saurashtra region of Gujarat State.

# # Mycorrhizal biotechnology...write a note..its m'organism=> biotechnology in land reclamation and revegetation of disturbed min sites is not well practiced in many parts of the world

# # root diseases....write in brief

=> Root rot is a condition found in both indoor and outdoor plants, although more common in indoor plants with poor roots..=> mainly caused due to overwatering. excess water limit the sufficient intake of air by water

# # Agaricus

=> Agaricus bisporus is a terricolous secondary decomposer fungus,which plays an ecologically significant role in the degradation of leaf and needle litter intemperate forests. Soils containhumic compounds derived from modified lignin and other recalcitrant aromatic compounds,presenting a different catabolic challenge to intact woody resources.

# # what is Bagasse ? what is the difference between Bagasse and Molasses ?

=> Its the French word . It is basically the fibre remaining after the extraction of juice from sugarcane.=> it is d fibrous matter dat remains after sugercane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.=> molasses is dark black viscous liquidcan be made from sugarcane ,grapes etc while bagasse is lthe leftover fiberous material,when juice is extracted out...!

# # Describe Bagasse Cogeneration ?

=> Fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane is crashed for juice

# # Justice Bilal Nazaki....whose he ?

=> Justice Bilal Nazki (born 18 November 1947) is a retired Chief Justice of Orissa High Court whose tenure was probably the shortest recorded, being for four days prior to his retirement. bascilly he is related to functioning of Haj Committee

# # What r MERIT GOODS ?

=> A merit good has twocharacteristic:People do not realise the truebenefit. For example, peopleunderestimate the benefit ofeducation or vaccinations.Usually these goods havepositive externalities.Therefore in a free market therewill be under consumption ofmerit goods.Examples of Merit Goods:Health Care peopleunderestimate the benefits ofgetting a vaccination. If peopledo get a vaccination,thenthere will be external benefitsto the rest of society because itwill help reduce disease in therest of society.Museums the educationalbenefit of museums.Education People mayundervalue benefits ofstudying.Demerit Good:A demerit goods has twocharacteristics:1. A good which harms theconsumer. For example,people dont realise orignore the costs of doingsomething e.g. smoking,drugs.2.Usually these goods alsohave negative externalities.Therefore in a free market therewill be over consumption of thesegoods.Examples of Demerit Goods include: Smoking Drinking Taking drugsgoods which r needed by public bcoz of dere external economies.. dt will b generated on economy like education. goods whose consumption is unhealthy.. socially undesirable n have external diseconomies on society as a whole.. liquor

# # What are Negotiable Warehousing Receipts (NWR) ?

=> Farmers can seek loans from banks against the warehouse receiptsissued to them against theirstorage. These receipts issued by the warehouses registered with theWarehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA), would become a fully negotiable instrument backed by a central legislation,

# # Which r the Indian items subjected to anti-dumping duty...

=>Imposing a definitive Anti-Dumping Duty, on imports of certain wire of stainless steel, polyethylene terephthalate, fatty alcohols and their blends, Shrimp, certain stainless steel bars and rods, originating in India.

# # Find odd termRinder pest Brucellosis Foot and mouth disease Peste des Petits

=> Brucellosis -- its human desese..others effetcs animals

'Rinderpest...whats that /??=> it is a kind of virus cattle plague., paramaxovirus se hone wali disease h jo mainly cattles me hoti hai..

# # When does a electric grid collapse?

=> The stability of the grids dependson a delicate equilibrium ofdemand-supply chain. Theamount of load is directlyproportional to the amount of power generated. When theequilibrium between powergenerated and consumed getsdisturbed and the load becomesmore, it leads to tripping of theline. It is duty of the powerdistributors to maintain theequilibrium intact so that nottrigger a grid failure.

# # Should Time zone of India can be changed by 0:30 hours to save electricity ?

=> If time zone is changed by 30 min it may save some electricity at some extent like in mall,offices and other big places which can be closed 30 min before than earlier in night so in this 30 min a lot of power units can be saved.=> example earlier offices closes at 8 pm and between this time (6-8 pm) electricity is quite needed and if if timezone is changed to changed 30 min so that (6 pm-7:30 pm) now only 1.5 hours electricity is needed conmpare to 2 hours=> obviously, in india too it should be taken in practice.. in US there is done +1 hr in pst for daylight saving... in this manner it will be effective.=> Industrialized countries follow a clock base schedule for the activities performed.Now, (especially in higher latitudes)The summer and winter experience are felt more strongly as these seasons change with the tilt of the earth.When in summer the sun rises earlier, we are finding the day starting earlier than it should be... and in the winter days are being shorter and so on.Now, comes the idea of adjusting ourselves by making synchronous with the sun...if the time has been make 30 minute earlier then the timings will be pronounced to work accordingly in a manner of getting more energy dependent upon the sun..as it will direct our dependence of work to natural resources(esp sunlight here and we will not use the electricity for the purpose.)The same idea holds in case of winter by making it delayed for 30 minutes and day will start 30 minute late .. and again our activities will be in the sync of sunlight.This practice is widely obeserved in USA and in the cities like california an

# # PER CAPITA MILK AVAILABILITY is highest in which state in India ?

=> according to latest Economic Survey it is1 Punjab2 Haryana3 Rajasthan4 Himachal Pradesh5 Gujarat

# # Key milk producing states of India ?=> 35% milk produces from GUJRAt,=>Rajasthan, Haryana, HP, Punjab, UP

# # what r the problems faced by private players in power market in India ?atyant niyamak pranali, (heavy rule regulation formality) as compare to nz u can open ur buisness in dat reigion in half day a shortage of fuels, insufficient infrastructure and financial weakness1. license2. supply of coal or other fuels3. transportation charge4. effective personnels5. inefficient compensation5. insufficient gov. support

# # India has the worlds fifth largest reserve of coal but its quality is poor because |?=> low carbon content and very high ash content

# # Enlist the Nuke Sites which are proposed or are under construction ?

=> 1.Mithi Virdi-Gujrat2.Kumharia- Uttarakhand3.Jaitapur-Maharashtra4.Kovvada- Andhra Pradesh5. Bargi--Madhya Pradesh

# # Ultra Mega Power Project Initiatives..write a note

=> The program of Ultra Mega PowerProjects (UMPP) was introduced in2005 by the Ministry of Power in association with the Central Electricity Authority and the PowerFinance Corporation to overcome bureaucratic obstacles hindering the development of large thermalplants and thereby address India's chronic power deficits.

# # Gender Inequality Index (GII)...write a note => GII measures gender diffrences among men n women in different countaries on three criteria.. women labour force participation, reproductive health n women empowerment=> india ranks - 132=> published by UN

# # Petrol prices have very small impact on inflation..Do agree ? Why ?

=> petrol prices leads to overall price rise due to increased transport cost.. it increases prices of food n cost of production of odr goods. so large impact but most transport vehicles like trucks which carry veggies nd other goods run on dieselr u technically seperating petrol or diesel or fuel.. => indian economy based on diesel and petrol as diesel and petrol vehicles is used for transportation agree because much of transportation are based upon diesel motors.. petrol is just used for non commercial use mainly

# # What do you understand by the term Price stickness"?

=> under oligopoly .. firms do not change price rather they go for non price competition.. like selling costs.. so prices r sticky, paul sweezy gave his price stickiness model..=> If tata motors increases their price, it is unlikely that its competitors like Mahindra, Bajaj etc will increase their price. They will stick to their price. But if Tata lowers their price, its competitors will more likely to lower price which will ultimately lead to a price war. So generally oligopolists prefer a non price competitio=> bcoz of sticky prices.. firms engage in non price competition.. customers do not get benefit of lower prices.

## what is the primary and secondary functions of money ?

=> primary.. medium of exchange.. measure of value secondary.. measure of deferred payments and store of value(a) Primary functions, which include the medium of exchange and the measure of value (b) Secondary include standard of deferred payments, store of value and transfer of value (c) Contingent functions which include distribution of national income, maximization ofsatisfaction, basis of credit system

## 7th Pay Commission.......write a note

=> The Government of India has initiated the process to constitute the 7th Central Pay Commission On September 25, 2013 Its recommendations are likely to be implemented with effect from January 1, 2016.

# # numerically the strongest tribe in Assam ?

=> Bodos.. Made half of states population..

# # Shom Pens tribe is found where ?

=> Andaman & Nicobar Islands, It is in Greater Nicobars and is conceived in the scheduled tribe of A&N.

# # Why are the clouds generally white ?

Ans => clouds are white because their water droplets orice crystals are large enough to scatter the light ofthe seven wavelengths ( red , orange , yellow, green ,blue , indigo, and violet ), which combine to producewhite light.

# # as far as 'mobile governance' is concerned what are the initiatives taken by Governmnt of India till date ?

=> Citizens can now directly interact with Government Departments through SMS. Mobile Seva aims to provide government services to the people through mobile phones and tablets.

# # The National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN)

=> a project to provide broadband connectivity to over two lakh (200,000) Gram panchayats of India at a cost of Rs.20,000 crore ($4 billion). The project provides internet access using existing optical fiber and extending it to the Gram panchayats. The project was intended to enable the government of India to provide e-services and e-applications nationally. A special purpose vehicle Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) was created as a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Companies Act of 1956 for the execution of the project. The project will be funded by the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) and was estimated to be completed in 2 yearsNot a individual is credited with this project but a whole commitee dat is office of adviser too PM on PIII(PUBLIC INFORTMATION INFRASTRUCTURE & INNOVATION) is responsible for its making..

# # DeitY has launched a new initiative named as MeghRaj ,,,write about it

Ans - >> -Meghraj is the Union government's cloud computing project.-initial focus on an e-Governance app store at a National Data Centre.-will provide services to government departments, citizens and businesses through internet as well as mobile connectivity.-will provide on-demand programming, testing platforms, and software and data services.=> In order to utilise and harness the benefits of Cloud Computing, Government of India has embarked upon a very ambitious and important initiative GI Cloud which has been coined as Meghraj.

# # Prime Ministers Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) II ?

=> The proposal was mooted by Rural Development Minister Jairam Ramesh" for PMGSY-II.The tota