Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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UNITROL®
Indonesia Power Roadshow
Jakarta, March 25 2008
Importance of Excitation Systems in Power Plants
Pedro Lopez
Automation Products Asia Network, Regional Sales Engineer
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ExcitationSystems Content
� Basics Of Excitation Systems
� Duties & Functionalities of Excitation Systems
� Benefits of Retrofitting
� Product Portfolio
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SYNCHRONOUSGENERATORTURBINE
GOVERNOR
EXCITATIONTRANSFORMER
2
EXCITATIONSYSTEM
GENERATORBREAKER1
1
SYNCHRONIZING
2
PROTECTION
STATIC STARTER
CONTROL SYSTEMS
AC & DCAUXILIARY SYSTEMS
STEP UP TRANSFORMER
HV- BREAKER
HV SYSTEM CONTROL ROOM
PT’s&CT’s
AUX.TRANSF
.
STARPOINT
CUBICLE
LV SWITCHGEAR
The Power Station©
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ExcitationSystems
Turbine Generator
Excitation System
��������������
��� �������
Basics of Electrical Power Generation - Review
Mechanical Energy
ConsumersTransmissionElectrical Energy
Primary Energy
Conversion
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8ExcitationSystems Main Types of Synchronous Machines
Rotor Stator
Rotor
Stator
Turbo-Generator Hydro-Generator
� For high rotation speed > 1500 rpm
� For Steam and Gas Turbines
� For low rotation speed < 1500 U/min
� For Hydro Turbines
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ExcitationSystems
STATOR
+
_
Excitation system
Basics of Excitation Systems
AIR-GAPIf (DC Current)
Ug (AC Output Voltage)
ROTOR
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8ExcitationSystems Content
� Basics Of Excitation Systems
� Duties & Functionalities of Excitation Systems
� Benefits of Retrofitting
� Product Portfolio
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ExcitationSystems
No-LoadIf Ug
Controlled Object
ElectricalGenerator
ExcitationSystem
Functionality – Closed Loop Regulation
Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE CONNECT THE GENERATOR TO A LOAD OR NETWORK?
Behavior of a Generator Connected to the Network©
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ExcitationSystems Network Complexity
12
3
T95_0157.DRW
Tie
Regional grid
Substation
Power station
The Network: Many Generators and Loads
UNet
Infinite bus voltageExternal reactance
Xe
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Disturbance
If Ug
Controlled Object
ElectricalGenerator
Network
ExcitationSystem
Functionality – Closed Loop Regulation Circuit©
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ExcitationSystems Behavior of a loaded Machine
Sudden load change in an isolatedsystem ( without AVR - Uf constant )
UfUg
Load
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8ExcitationSystems Regulation of Generator Terminal Voltage
SM
PID
AVRPulse
Generation
Thyr
isto
r C
onve
rterUg
Measuring
11+TR
(1+TC2)*(1+TC1)(1+TB2)*(1+TB1)
KR*
Uc
Uc
alpha10°el
90°el
150°el
11+TS
U2
Ud=1.35*U2*cosalpha- delta U
If = Ud / Rf
Ug = k * * n = k1 * If * n TR=0.02 sTS=0.004
kg1+Tg
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ExcitationSystems
1 p.u. = nominal
Generator
Over-excited(inductive)
Under-excited(capacitive)
Motor
Sta
bilit
y Li
mit
P/Q Limiter
Minimum Field Current Limiter
+P
+Q-Q
-P
Ifn
1
1-1
-1
dx1
δδδδϕϕϕϕ
IGn
Rotor Current Limiter
Stator Current Limiter
Driving Limit
The excitation system keeps the generator within thermal and stability limits
Power Chart with Operation Limits
Rotor over current inverse time
Loss of excitation protection
Limiter:
Protection:
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+P[MW]
+Q[MVAR]-Q
Q = 0.2 p.u
+P [MW]
+Q [MVAR]
-P
-Q
Cos � = 0.8
a) POWER FACTOR Control
b) REACTIVE POWER Control
Superimposed Control©
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ExcitationSystems Stable Distribution of Reactive Power
Generators directly connected to the same Busbars
Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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8ExcitationSystems Power System Stabilizer – PSS
Analogy: Mechanical oscillation circuit
M1
Dm
K (spring)
X (distance)
M2
MassDamper
Excitation system
GridAVRU ref
Disturbance:• Load variation• Load rejection• Short circuitsetc.
~If Ug
+++
-
GeneratorVoltage Regulator
Reference valueU Grid
Turbine
PSS
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ExcitationSystems
Transient Stability during large System Disturbances
AVR
Generator 1
Busbar
Grid
Short Circuit Point
Impact of Excitation System on Power System Stability
δδδδ
M
MA XdEpUg
M E
δsin⋅⋅=
Before Short Circuit(stable Condition)
Short Circuitwithout acting of
Excitation System(stability lost)
6.0.....3.01'
sin1
=
⋅⋅=
kXdEpxUgk
M E
δ
5.2....6.126.0.....3.01
'sin*21
==
⋅⋅=
k
kXd
EpkxUgkM E
δShort Circuitwith acting of
Excitation System(stability remained)
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IARV / UNF11 ECHIND / 612
Available Prot. & Monitoring Functions
Monitoring and Protection� Thyristor conduction monitoring
� DC short-circuit
� Loss of actual value (PT failure)
� Overcurrent
� Volts per Hertz
� Loss of excitation
� Rotor temperature
� Rotating diode failure (add. hardware required)
� Earth fault protection
� Etc.
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ExcitationSystems Internal & External Communication/HMI
HMIWorld
Outside
Control system
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8ExcitationSystems Modern Excitation Functionalities Overview
MU
B
COB(Control Board)
(Mea
surin
g B
oard
)
FIOBasis
CMT-Tools
MODBUSPROFIBUS
FIOExtension
Control TerminalLocal or Remote
Field Current Regulator
Protection
Monitoring
AVR; Limiters; PSS
Logic Control
(Extended Gate Controller)EGC(Option)
Converter Display
CIN
ConverterElectronics
GDI(Gate Driver
Interface)
(Converter Interface)
CONVERTER 1
CONVERTER 2CONVERTER 3
CONVERTER 4
FIELD FLASHINGFIELD SUPPRESSIONSM
AVR - Channel IAVR - Channel II
Uc
MODEM
TCP/IP
PLANT COMPUTERCONTROL SYSTEM
Dynamic Current Distr.
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ExcitationSystems Content
� Basics Of Excitation Systems
� Duties & Functionalities of Excitation Systems
� Benefits of Retrofitting
� Product Portfolio
Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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8ExcitationSystems Excitation Lifecycle Management
� Product is no longer actively sold by PRU, but complete modules still available for most products from sPRU
� Enhancements available as technology permits
� Price may increase due to lower volume, increased vendor component costs, etc.
� Product manufacturing is no longer supported by R&D
� Spare part availability continues as long as components are available
� Recommended replacement with Active Product
� Recycling Services are available where permitted
� Product Support is no longer possible within reasonable cost
� ABB is no longer capable of supporting the product technically and/or old technology is no longer available
� Many ABB products have been and continue to be supported for over 20 years
� Product and services have been released for sale by ABB (PRU)
� Continuing search for functional enhancements
� Support upgrade and/or replacement from older products (limited & obsolete) to active version
Full Product Support Service Limited Product Support Service
Active� development and sales phase
Classic� product maintenance phase
Limited� service support phase
Obsolete� no viable service market or
technology remains
� Excitation LCM aims at optimized maintenance
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ExcitationSystems Reasons for Retrofitting
� Technology provided 20 years ago and more is obsolete
� Production of modules is usually difficult resulting in high costs and long delivery time
� Servicing know how is hardly available as the new generation of engineers dealing only with microprocessor technology
� The old AVRs normally require more spare parts, each module is dedicated to a function
� Missing functionalities:� Power System Stabilizer
� Serial communication
� Comprehensive fault and data recording
� Remote Access
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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Gas & Steam Plants Retrofit Project
� End user: PowerSeraya Ltd
� Location: Jurong Island, Singapore
� Generation:-
- Steam Plant: Stage I: 3 x 250 MW- Steam Plant: Stage II: 3 x 250 MW- Steam Plant: Stage III: 3 x 250 MW- Siemens CCPP: 370 MW- Open Cycle Gas Plant: 2 x 20 MW
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ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
Case 1: OLD Excitation System (before revamp):
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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
Proposed Excitation System according to the Technical SpecificationsThe proposed Static Excitation System is shown on the attached single line drawing ATPE/91559A SL
NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000:
Type designation – SES :A Dual AUTO channel (AUTO/AUTO), each incl. MAN controller5 UNITROL 5000 (Microprocessor-based system 5000)S Standard n-1 redundancyO WithOut additional functions U5: U5 Thyristor converter, acc. to application requirements2 2 converter bridges (n-1 redundancy)1 1 Thyristor per bridge arm, 3-ph; 6-pulseD DC-breaker at converter output side3100 Rated breaker current in Amps
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ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 1/4
� ABB New Converters UNL14300�n-1 Configuration
� CDP, UNS0885, Converter Display
Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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High Power Thyristor Converter UNL14300
� Input voltage: 720 - 1’500 VAC
� Output current: 2’600 - 4’900 ADC
� Fully redundant cooling fans
� Maintenance on-line
� Converter display for fast diagnosis
� Modular design for easy parallelingfor system currents up to 10’000 A
NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 2/4:
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ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 3/4:
� ECT, Excitation Control Terminal
� Power Chart
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8ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
NEW (after revamp) ABB Unitrol 5000 4/4:
�GPS System
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ExcitationSystems Power Seraya Steam Turbine Retrofit Project
Project Execution
� Award of Contract: 20 Oct 2005
� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 3: 17 May 2006 (completed within 6 wks)
� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 2: 7 July 2006 (completed within 4 wks)
� Completion of Commissioning of Unit 1: Scheduled for end Sep 2006
� SCOPE: Turnkey Retrofit project (3 UNITS) that includes:
� => Retrofit Generator Control and Protection Systems
� => Retrofit Excitation systems
� => Training
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8ExcitationSystems Benefits of Retrofitting to End-User
� Advantages of Digital Technologies UNITROL 5000: � All regulation, limiter, monitoring, protection and control functions and
pulse generation are managed by two boards: Measuring Unit Boardand Control Board. This implies:
� Considerable less number of modules
� Less spares
� Higher MTBF
� Computer based diagnostic including:� Commissioning and Maintenance Tools
� AVR-View; Remote diagnostic via Ethernet Serial Communication Link
� Remote diagnostic via Public Telephone Network
� Integration into the Computer Control System via Serial Ethernet
� Modern control algorithms (e.g. Power System Stabilizer) improvetransient stability and damping of the power swings.
� Local expertise & technical support
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ExcitationSystems Content
� Basics Of Excitation Systems
� Duties & Functionalities of Excitation Systems
� Benefits of Retrofitting
� Product Portfolio
Power Roadshow - IndonesiaImportance of Excitation in Power Plants
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8ExcitationSystems Brands
UNITROL®
ABB’s brand forExcitationSystems
UNITROL®
ABB’s brand forExcitationSystems
SYNCHROTACT®
ABB’s brand forSynchronization
Products
SYNCHROTACT®
ABB’s brand forSynchronization
Products
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ExcitationSystems Markets
� New installations:� Countries with large power plant potential, emerging markets
� Delivery to or co-operation with generator manufacturers
� Modernization:� For all kind of plants (e.g. nuclear, hydro, industry)
� For all types of synchronous machines independent of brand (e.g. ABB, BBC, Alstom, Siemens, GE)
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SM E
1 to 200 A
Rotating Exciter
+ brushless (mostly)- lower response time
SM
100 to 10000 A
Static Excitation
+ fast response time- brushes
AVR
AVR
Supply of Power electronics
(Shunt, PMG,auxiliary)
Basic Types of Excitation Systems©
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ExcitationSystems
UNITROL® F AVRUNITROL® F SES
UNITROL® 5000 SESUNITROL® 5000 SES
UNITROL® 1000 AVR
UNITROL® AVR and Excitation Systems
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8ExcitationSystems UNITROL® 1000 AVR Family
� Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Machines upto about 50MVA with rotating exciter
� Max. Output 40ADC and 300VDC
� Single channel or redundant configuration
� UNITROL 1000-7 � 7ADC and 300VDC
� Limited no. of I/O‘s
� Without local HMI
� UNITROL 1000-PM40
� Power Module with40ADC and 300VDC
� Used together withUNITROL1000-15
� UNITROL 1000-15 � 15ADC and 300VDC
� Local HMI
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ExcitationSystems
� Static Excitation Systems for synchronous generators for more than 10’000ADC Ifn
UNITROL® 5000 Static Excitation Systems
Example: n-1 or n-2 redundancy
Example: Cold standby redundancy 1+1 redundancy)
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40 A 500 A >10’000 AIfn
Ran
ge o
f App
licat
ion
UNITROL® 5000
UNITROL® F
UNITROL® 6000
UNITROL® Product Range
Excitation withrotating machine Static Excitation System
UNITROL® 1000
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ExcitationSystems UNITROL® 6000 – Static Excitation System
� AC800PEC controller - Fully compatible with ABB’s control platform
� Fiber-optic internal communication� Perfect electrical isolation
� Highest EMC immunity
� Easy separation between control and power plant
� Recommend:Optional withdrawable power converter modules
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AC 800PEC Processor Module
� Powerful ABB Power Electronics Controller � 600MHz PowerPC CPU (IBM/Motorola)
� 64 bit IEEE floating point calculation
The heart of UNITROL 6000©
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ExcitationSystems
Reference Example: Itaipu
� Project: Itaipu HPP Extension (1x823MVA/50Hz; 1x737MVA/60Hz)
� Enduser: Itaipu Binacional
� 50Hz: IE = 4824A, Upl = 1474V60Hz: IE = 3945A, Upl = 2350V
� Itaipu - The biggest HPP worldwide!
UNITROL 5000 System
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8ExcitationSystems References: Kousheng NPP / Taiwan
� Delivery year: 2005
� Customer: Taiwan Power Corporation
� Machine data: 2 x 1160 MVAManufactured by Westinghouse
� Excitation data:
� Ifn = 90 A
� Ufpl = 200 V
Retrofit
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ExcitationSystems
SYNCHROTACT® CSSCompact Synchronizing System
SYNCHROTACT® HBTHigh Speed Busbar Transfer
SYN 5100
SYN 5200SYN 5201SYN 5202
SYN 5302
The SYNCHROTACT 5Product Family
SYNCHROTACT® MSPModular Synchronizing Panel
SYNCHROTACT® Synchronizers
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SMTS-RT – Synchronous Machine Transient Simulation Real TimeA notebook based real time synchronous machine simulator which allows real time closed loop tests for AVR’s.
SMTS – Synchronous Machine Transient SimulationAllows the user to carry out simulations involving a
synchronous machine in a very short time and in a very easy way.
ECT Software - Excitation Control Terminal (ECT) SW is a user-friendly tool for operation, monitoring and maintenance for UNITROL 5000 excitation systems. .
Application Software©
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ExcitationSystems
FIBER OPTIC (UP TO 1000 m) OR TWISTED PAIR CABLE (UP TO 300 m)
ECT - Excitation Control TerminalCONTROL ROOM
OPERATION MENUPOWER CHART MENUSYSTEM MENUTRENDING MENUFAULT LOGGER MENUALARM MENUPARAMETER MENU
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8ExcitationSystems ABB University, Training center in Turgi
� Modern training facilities including:� 3 classrooms
� Laboratory
� Coffee Corner
� Hands-on training using simulators and demo unitsplays an important role in our training methods
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ExcitationSystems Our strengths
� Worldwide presence of UNITROL specialists
� Local manufacturing/service presencein more than 10 countries
� Local availability of Spares
� Volume supplier
Customer Benefits
� Short response time
� Knowledge of local market requirements
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