Integrating Technology &
Creating Change
By: Kayla Connelly
Chapter OverviewChapter 4 discusses technology integration and educational change to help teachers infuse technology into both classroom instruction and professional work.
Technology Integration &
Educational ChangeTechnology Integration: the ways that teachers
build technology into all aspects of their professional work
Educational Change: innovations by teachers that create new patterns of teaching and learning in schools
Remember…
1:Technology can either automate (reproduce existing practices) or infomate (change existing practices)-depending on how it is used by teachers.
2:Thinking creatively about using technology in teaching means constantly asking, “What can teachers and students do with technology that cannot be done without it?”
Technology and the Work of a Teacher
Inside-the-classroom use by teachers
Internet researchPowerPoint presentationsEducational softwareEducational websitesStudent participation systemsTeacher-made blogs, websites, and wikis
Outside-the-classroom use by teacher
Grade and attendance recordkeepingProfessional correspondenceProfessional and personal writingResearchHome-school communicationEducation networking
Inside-the-classroom & outside-the-classroom use by students
Internet researchGroup projectsHomework assignmentsCreative writingMath, science, English, or history projects
Electronic & Digital Tools
1:Technology-Based Library-using technology to create & maintain a collection of resources for teaching and learning
2:Technology-Based Textbook-using technology to create books & other teaching materials for students to use in class
3:Technology-Based Learning Environment-using technology to create anywhere, anytime opportunities for learning, both in & outside of school
4:Technology-Based Teaching Tool-using technology to generate new instructional opportunities for teachers & students
5:Technology-Based Office-using technology to organize & manage the professional work of teachers
What’s Your Opinion?
As you think about using technology in your teaching, consider the following questions:
1: What are specific ways that you can integrate technology into your work as a teacher inside the classroom?
2: What are specific ways you can integrate technology into your work outside the classroom?
3: How do these uses of technology improve classroom instruction and student learning?
Technology Integration Stages & Issues
• Integrating technology into teaching takes patience, perseverance, and willingness to involve students in learning about technology.
• A technology-using educator can be defined as someone who…– Makes informed choices– Explores technology– Promotes change
Inclusion and Infusion Technology
Technology use in schools tends to follow one of two broad patterns: inclusion or infusion.
• Inclusion: means that computers and other information technologies are used mainly for traditional purposes of transferring information and practicing skills
• Infusion: means that computers and other information technologies are ongoing features of teaching and learning in all academic subjects at all grade levels
Stages of Technology Integration
1:Entry-a teacher needs to gain specific skills in how to use computers and technologies before she or he is able to think about how to apply new knowledge to classroom situations
2:Adoption-a teacher knows enough to use technology in the classroom, but only at a basic level and occasionally
3:Adaption-a teacher is using technology regularly as part of teaching4:Appropriation-a teacher is using technology as both inside-the-classroom and
outside-the-classroom tool5:Invention-a teacher is exploring new ways to creatively use technology in and
out of the classroom as well as adding emerging technologies to a personal repertoire of professional skills and practices
What Stage of technology integration are you?
Features of a technology-Integrated
Classroom1. Most students are independently choosing the technologies appropriate to their learning
objectives.2. Students are highly involved with their teacher and peers in planning for the use of
technology in a unit or lesson.3. In group activities using technology, a high degree of collaboration is exhibited.4. When using technology, most students act ethically and in accordance with the district
acceptable use policy.5. Most students exhibit skill in the effective use of available technologies at or above grade
and ability levels. 6. In using technology, most students are focused on the intended curricular objectives.7. Most specific technology skills are embedded and learned in the context of core
curriculum lesson objectives.8. Problem solving and higher order thinking is evident in most students’ activities.9. Most students are highly engaged in the use of technology.10. Student use of technology is based on their cognitive abilities and physical needs.11. Most technology uses represent learning activities that could not otherwise be easily
done.
Technology Integration Issues
Successful technology integration is affected by a number of issues that arise within the work of classroom teachers.
• Administrative Support & Teaching Style• Unwillingness to Change Favorite Lesson Plans to include
Technology• Reluctance to Use Technology When Teaching New
Lesson Plans• Using Technology as a Reward or Punishment• Using Technology as an Add-On to Other Activities• Using Technology to Separate Students by Ability Groups
Tech Tool 4.1Lets try the smart board & explore
these websites on our own!
Page 92
The Digital Divide, Digital Inequality, and the Participation Gap
• The digital divide continues to be persistent and complex technology integration issue.
• Page 94 in our textbook shows internet access among different demographic groups
Does any of this information surprise you?
A Digital Inequality Perspective
Digital inequality-the idea that access to the latest computer technology varies greatly within society with low-income and non-white Americans less likely to be able to afford and use the newest toolsSocial informatics-social science approach where technology’s impacts on society are considered within the context of larger social, economic, and political realitiesParticipation gap-students who lack 24/7 access to the latest technologies lag behind their peers technologically and educationally
Integrating Technology While Addressing the
Participation GapOne-to-One Laptop Computing-every student in a grade,
school, or district has her or his own computing device to use in school
One/Two/Three Time Activities-instructional mode that uses technology as a central element of classroom learning
Cooperative Learning and Groupwork-students work together in pairs, trios, or other configurations of small groups on projects and assignments
Electronic Textbooks-interactive, dynamic way to integrate computer technology into the teaching of class material
Technology Integration & Educational Change
• When you integrate technology into classroom instruction, student assignments, professional recordkeeping, or some other aspect of teaching, you will be creating educational change in your school.
• To understand the connection between technology integration and educational change the next 5 slides are important for technology using educators!
Technology and the Culture of Schools
Maintaining Existing Patterns in School Creating Change in School
Automate Infomate
Type I technology applications Type II technology applications
Learning from computers Learning with computers
Automate or Infomate
Automate-technological improvements that do not fundamentally change existing practices
Infomate-coined by Alan November to indicate when technology is used to create new learning possibilities for students and teachers
What type of classroom teacher will you be?
Type I and Type II Technology Applications
Type I-activities that largely maintain existing practicesType II-activities that innovate or challenge existing
practicesType I Type II“Type I usage predominates and uses computing to make traditional teaching practices easier and more efficient.”
“Type II usage…employs computers to make available new and better ways of teaching children.”
“User involvement is relatively passive, and what happens on the screen is largely predetermined by the programmer.”
“The user is the most important actor in the interaction and is the primary controller of what happens on the screen.”
“Rote skills are emphasized, and the computer is largely employed as an electronic flashcard machine.”
“Problem solving and other thinking skills are emphasized, and the computer is employed as a tool to aid cognitive processes.”
Computers as Mindtools
Mindtools-learning technology that promotes problem solving and critical thinking by students and teachers, coined by David Jonassen
Computer literacy-learning the names, functions, and procedures of computer hardware and software
Involving Students in Educational Change
1. Conduct individual interviews with students2. Engage students in writing exercises3. Administer needs analysis surveys and hold open
forums4. Engage and train students to be researchers5. Form diverse student leadership teams6. Conduct student-run focus groups7. Administer course evaluations8. Engage students as educational systems designers
Technology and Change in Your Future Classroom
Automate or infomate? Type I or Type II technology application? Learning from computers or learning with computers? Each of these concepts invites teachers and students to critically examine how they might use technology to change educational practices.
Writing with Digital Pens and Digital Notebooks
Digital Pen-a writing instrument that sends someone’s written text to a computer where it can be converted into printed text or emailed to others as a image file (page 103)
Digital Notepad-writing device that allows users to write and draw on regular paper and convert those images to digital text
Who has ever used these tools? Would you consider ever implementing them into your classroom?
Preparing Class Notes Electronically
Tablet PC-a portable computer with real-time inking capacity that allows users to add and save writing directly to the screen
Using Technology to create ChangeTechnology Automate (Learning from
Computers)Infomate (Learning with Computers)
Email and instant messaging Rapid communication between friends
Peer-to-peer and teacher-to-student homework support
Web research homework assignment
Researching content information online
Critically evaluating online information
WebQuest Focus on specific facts or procedures; students work alone
Focus on issues and concepts; students work together
Using the Technology You Have Successfully
• Successfully using the technology available in the classroom is an ongoing challenge for teachers
• There is no single best formula for what to do, mainly because technology is not evenly distributed among schools.
Types of Technology-Equipped Classrooms
• Classrooms without computers are becoming less and less common• In many schools, a teacher will have a single computer at their desk
and the students can access multiple computers in the schools library or computer lab
• Newer or recently refurbished schools often feature multiple computers in the classroom (teacher and student)
Four dimensions of technology-equipped classroomsPage 106
Strategies for Single and Multiple Computer
ClassroomsInformation-single or multiple computers in a classroom perform
as always-on-call librarians and always-available tutors for individuals, pairs, or small groups
Interaction-students can access computer and online resources where they interact with the computers for learning
Presentation-the computer becomes a large or small group presentation tool when connected to a digital projector or television set
Rotation-the computer becomes one of three different learning experiences in the previously discussed instructional format called one/two/three time (stations)
Well that was chapter 4 in a nutshell!
Are you ready to integrate technology and create change in your future classroom?