Japanese Surrender – WW II 1
Introduction
WAR IS A
CONTINUATION OF
POLICY BY OTHER
MEANS
2Japanese Surrender – WW II
Introduction
• WW – II, a catastrophic,
shattering and
devastating episode
• 70 million dead
• Over 100 million
incapacitated
• Empires fell to rubbles
• High human cost
Japanese Surrender – WW II 3
Main Causes
• Nationalistic tensions
• Unresolved issues of WorldWar I
• Effects of Great Depression of1930s
• Invasion of Poland byGermany
• Invasion of China by Japan
• US, UK, Russia, Germany,Italy and Japan
Japanese Surrender – WW II 4
Japanese Surrender – WW II 5
Scheme
Japanese Surrender – WW II 6
Japanese refusal to surrender
Events at Potsdam
Potsdam Declaration
‘Little Boy’ and ‘Fat Man’ Catastrophe
Unconditional surrender by Japan
Terms of Reference for surrender
Post Surrender Japan
Lt Cdr Jawad ur Rashid PN
Lt Cdr Abdur Rehman PN
Refusal to Surrender
• US failed to understand
refusal to surrender
• Japanese sworn not to
surrender
• Surrender as cowardice
• Shintoism, Kami-no-michi
• Die and Kill for Imperial
Japan
Japanese Surrender – WW II 7
Events at Potsdam
• 16 Jul – 2 Aug 1945
• Nine weeks after V-E Day
• Matters concerning Japan
discussed
• News of powerful new
weapon
• Surrender or face prompt
and utter destruction
Japanese Surrender – WW II 8
Potsdam Declaration
Japanese Surrender – WW II 9
Elimination of the authority and influence of those who havedeceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking onworld conquest
The occupation of points in Japanese territory to be designatedby the Allies
Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to small islands as wedetermine
The Japanese military forces shall be completely disarmed
Stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, includingthose who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners
Potsdam Declaration
Japanese Surrender – WW II 10
Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as willsustain her economy and permit the exaction of justreparations in kind
The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn fromJapan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished andthere has been established, in accordance with the freelyexpressed will of the Japanese people, a peacefully inclined andresponsible government
‘Little Boy’
• Potsdam Declaration unable
to jolt Japan
• 6 Aug 1945, Enola Gay
carried ‘Little Boy’ to
Hiroshima
• 66,000 people killed instantly
• 69,000 inflicted radiation
• Expect a rain of ruin from air
Japanese Surrender – WW II 11
‘Fat Man’
• 9 Aug 1945, ‘Fat Man’
dropped on Nagasaki
• 39,000 people killed
• 25,000 inflicted radiation
• USSR invaded Manchuria
• Fought till 20 Aug
Japanese Surrender – WW II 12
Japanese Surrender – WW II 13
Japan Surrender
• Emperor Hirohito
intervened
• Emperor address to nation
on 15 Aug
• Negotiating peace with
enemy
• Surrender document
signed aboard USS
MISSOURI
• General Douglas McArthur
Japanese Surrender – WW II 14
Terms of Reference
Japanese Surrender – WW II 15
Accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by theheads of the Governments of the United States, China andGreat Britain on 26 July 1945, at Potsdam
Unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the JapaneseImperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armedforces and all armed forces under Japanese control whereversituated
Command all Japanese forces wherever situated and theJapanese people to cease hostilities forthwith
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue orders to allJapanese forces wherever situated to surrender unconditionally
Terms of Reference
Japanese Surrender – WW II 16
All civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce allproclamations, orders and directives deemed by the SupremeCommander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuatethis surrender
All such officials to remain at their posts and to continue toperform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relievedby him or under his authority
Carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in goodfaith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever actionmay be required by the Supreme Commander for the AlliedPowers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration
Terms of Reference
Japanese Surrender – WW II 17
To liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees nowunder Japanese control and to provide for theirprotection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation toplaces as directed
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government torule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander forthe Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems properto effectuate these terms of surrender
Japanese Surrender – WW II 18
Post World War Japan
• McArthur office in Tokyo –
7 Sep 1945
• American Shogun
• American occupation for
6 years 8 months
• Demilitarization, Democrac
y and Decentralization
Japanese Surrender – WW II 19
Post World War Japan
• Liberate prisoner of war
• Military forces disarmed
and set home
• Sovereign nation - 1952
Japanese Surrender – WW II 20
Post World War Japan
• Guaranteed equality for bothsexes
• Women given right to vote
• End of feudal system
• Political parties established
• Education liberalized
• Teachers taught democracy
• Arms surrendered
• Shintoism terminated
Japanese Surrender – WW II 21
Conclusion
Japanese Surrender – WW II 22