Japan's surrender - WW 2

Japanese Surrender – WW II 1

Introduction

WAR IS A

CONTINUATION OF

POLICY BY OTHER

MEANS

2Japanese Surrender – WW II

Introduction

• WW – II, a catastrophic,

shattering and

devastating episode

• 70 million dead

• Over 100 million

incapacitated

• Empires fell to rubbles

• High human cost


Main Causes

• Nationalistic tensions

• Unresolved issues of WorldWar I

• Effects of Great Depression of1930s

• Invasion of Poland byGermany

• Invasion of China by Japan

• US, UK, Russia, Germany,Italy and Japan



Scheme


Japanese refusal to surrender

Events at Potsdam

Potsdam Declaration

‘Little Boy’ and ‘Fat Man’ Catastrophe

Unconditional surrender by Japan

Terms of Reference for surrender

Post Surrender Japan

Lt Cdr Jawad ur Rashid PN

Lt Cdr Abdur Rehman PN

Refusal to Surrender

• US failed to understand

refusal to surrender

• Japanese sworn not to

surrender

• Surrender as cowardice

• Shintoism, Kami-no-michi

• Die and Kill for Imperial

Japan


Events at Potsdam

• 16 Jul – 2 Aug 1945

• Nine weeks after V-E Day

• Matters concerning Japan

discussed

• News of powerful new

weapon

• Surrender or face prompt

and utter destruction


Potsdam Declaration


Elimination of the authority and influence of those who havedeceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking onworld conquest

The occupation of points in Japanese territory to be designatedby the Allies

Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to small islands as wedetermine

The Japanese military forces shall be completely disarmed

Stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, includingthose who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners

Potsdam Declaration


Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as willsustain her economy and permit the exaction of justreparations in kind

The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn fromJapan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished andthere has been established, in accordance with the freelyexpressed will of the Japanese people, a peacefully inclined andresponsible government

‘Little Boy’

• Potsdam Declaration unable

to jolt Japan

• 6 Aug 1945, Enola Gay

carried ‘Little Boy’ to

Hiroshima

• 66,000 people killed instantly

• 69,000 inflicted radiation

• Expect a rain of ruin from air


‘Fat Man’

• 9 Aug 1945, ‘Fat Man’

dropped on Nagasaki

• 39,000 people killed

• 25,000 inflicted radiation

• USSR invaded Manchuria

• Fought till 20 Aug



Japan Surrender

• Emperor Hirohito

intervened

• Emperor address to nation

on 15 Aug

• Negotiating peace with

enemy

• Surrender document

signed aboard USS

MISSOURI

• General Douglas McArthur


Terms of Reference


Accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by theheads of the Governments of the United States, China andGreat Britain on 26 July 1945, at Potsdam

Unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the JapaneseImperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armedforces and all armed forces under Japanese control whereversituated

Command all Japanese forces wherever situated and theJapanese people to cease hostilities forthwith

Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue orders to allJapanese forces wherever situated to surrender unconditionally

Terms of Reference


All civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce allproclamations, orders and directives deemed by the SupremeCommander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuatethis surrender

All such officials to remain at their posts and to continue toperform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relievedby him or under his authority

Carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in goodfaith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever actionmay be required by the Supreme Commander for the AlliedPowers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration

Terms of Reference


To liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees nowunder Japanese control and to provide for theirprotection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation toplaces as directed

The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government torule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander forthe Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems properto effectuate these terms of surrender


Post World War Japan

• McArthur office in Tokyo –

7 Sep 1945

• American Shogun

• American occupation for

6 years 8 months

• Demilitarization, Democrac

y and Decentralization



• Liberate prisoner of war

• Military forces disarmed

and set home

• Sovereign nation - 1952



• Guaranteed equality for bothsexes

• Women given right to vote

• End of feudal system

• Political parties established

• Education liberalized

• Teachers taught democracy

• Arms surrendered

• Shintoism terminated


Conclusion
