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General mechanismof actions
Example
Preformed toxin Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
Staphylococcus aureusInfection and
production of
enterotoxins
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli
EnterotoxigenicE. coli
(ETEC)
Vibrio cholerae
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General mechanism ofactions
Example
Infection Bacillus anthracis
Brucella spp. (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B.
suis) Campylobacter jejuni
EnteroinvasiveE. coliListeria monocytogenes
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Streptococcus pyogenesVibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
Yersinia enterocolytica and Y.
pseudotuberculosis
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General mechanismof actions
Example
Infection Hepatitis A
Norovirus (and other
caliciviruses)Rotavirus
Astroviruses,
adenoviruses,
parvoviruses
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General mechanismof actions
Example
Infection Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Diphyllobothrium latumEntamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichinella spiralis
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General mechanismof actions
Example
Preformed toxin Brevetoxin (neurotoxic
shellfish poisoning)
Ciguatoxin (ciguatera)Domoic acid (amnestic
shellfish poisoning)
Saxitoxin (paralytic
shellfish poisoning)
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General mechanismof actions
Example
Preformed toxin Aflatoxin
Mushroom toxins
(amanitin, ibotenic acid,museinol, muscarine, and
psilocybin)
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General mechanismof actions
Example
Preformed toxin Gempylotoxin (escolar)
Scombrotoxin (histamine
fish poisoning)Tetrodotoxin (puffer
fish)
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Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
CopperFluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrites
Pesticides (e.g.,
organophosphates, carbamate)Thallium
Tin
Zinc
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Item Commonly associated
microorganism
Raw seafood Vibrio spp., Hepatitis A, Noroviruses
Raw eggs Salmonella (particurlarly serotype
Enteritidis)
Undercooked meat or
poultry
Salmonella and Campylobacter spp.,
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
(STEC), Clostridium perfringens
Unpasteurized milk or
juice
Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia
spp., ETECUnpasteurized soft cheeses Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia,
and Listeria spp., ETEC
Home-made canned goods Clostridium botulinum
Raw hot dogs, deli meat Listeria spp.
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Publichealth
surveillanceHumandisease
Environmentaldata
Animal data
Healthcareservices data
Populationcharacters
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1.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
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