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General mechanismof actions

Example

Preformed toxin Bacillus cereus

Clostridium botulinum

Staphylococcus aureusInfection and

production of

enterotoxins

Bacillus cereus

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium perfringens

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli

EnterotoxigenicE. coli

(ETEC)

Vibrio cholerae

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General mechanism ofactions

Example

Infection Bacillus anthracis

Brucella spp. (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B.

suis) Campylobacter jejuni

EnteroinvasiveE. coliListeria monocytogenes

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Salmonella spp.

Shigella spp.

Streptococcus pyogenesVibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio vulnificus

Yersinia enterocolytica and Y.

pseudotuberculosis

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General mechanismof actions

Example

Infection Hepatitis A

Norovirus (and other

caliciviruses)Rotavirus

Astroviruses,

adenoviruses,

parvoviruses

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General mechanismof actions

Example

Infection Cryptosporidium

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Diphyllobothrium latumEntamoeba histolytica

Giardia lamblia

Taenia saginata

Taenia solium

Toxoplasma gondii

Trichinella spiralis

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General mechanismof actions

Example

Preformed toxin Brevetoxin (neurotoxic

shellfish poisoning)

Ciguatoxin (ciguatera)Domoic acid (amnestic

shellfish poisoning)

Saxitoxin (paralytic

shellfish poisoning)

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General mechanismof actions

Example

Preformed toxin Aflatoxin

Mushroom toxins

(amanitin, ibotenic acid,museinol, muscarine, and

psilocybin)

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General mechanismof actions

Example

Preformed toxin Gempylotoxin (escolar)

Scombrotoxin (histamine

fish poisoning)Tetrodotoxin (puffer

fish)

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Antimony

Arsenic

Cadmium

CopperFluoride

Lead

Mercury

Nitrites

Pesticides (e.g.,

organophosphates, carbamate)Thallium

Tin

Zinc

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Item Commonly associated

microorganism

Raw seafood Vibrio spp., Hepatitis A, Noroviruses

Raw eggs Salmonella (particurlarly serotype

Enteritidis)

Undercooked meat or

poultry

Salmonella and Campylobacter spp.,

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

(STEC), Clostridium perfringens

Unpasteurized milk or

juice

Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia

spp., ETECUnpasteurized soft cheeses Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia,

and Listeria spp., ETEC

Home-made canned goods Clostridium botulinum

Raw hot dogs, deli meat Listeria spp.

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Publichealth

surveillanceHumandisease

Environmentaldata

Animal data

Healthcareservices data

Populationcharacters

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1.

2.

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3.

4.

5.

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6.

7.

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