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Kick-Off Techniques
Hassan Alemi
Drilling & Measurement Instructor
UTC
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Objectives
On completion of this module you will be able to:
Describe the four primary kick-off methods
Explain where and why each method is preferred
Design a BHA for each type of method
Select appropriate Bits for the chosen technique
Work as a second hand on a kick-off operation
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What is a Kick-off
A kick-off is the deflection of well bore
while maintaining control of Azimuth,
Inclination and DLS.
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Kick-off Methods
The following are methods of Kick-off:
Jetting deflection
Whipstock deflection
Motor deflection
Rotary Steerable deflection
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Kick-off Methods
Lithology is the key to selecting the most appropriate
method:
1 4 5 6 7 8
Igneous &
MetamorphicSedimentary
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Kick-off Methods
1 4 5 6 7 8
Igneous &
Metamorphic
Jetting Whipstoc
k
Motor
Igneous &
MetamorphicSedimentary
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Jetting
Jetting is the utilization of hydraulics to wash a pocket
beneath and to the side of the bit to cause deflection.
Jetting was, until recently considered redundant.However with the increased requirement to exit
mature platforms where clearances between wells
are too tight to utilize anti-collision practices with
steerable motor systems, jetting has become the onlyeconomic alternative.
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Jetting Bits
Two cone jetting bits like this
one from RBIare
available but rarely seen
in the field:
-500/SEC Nozzle Velocity
-Strong right hand walk 2cone
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Jetting Bits
Conventional roller cone bits
are commonly used for
jetting and are adequate
for the task :
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Jetting BHA
BHAs for jetting need to be designed on the principles of
conventional Rotary Build BHAs:
Jetting Bit (oriented)
Near Bit Full Gauge Stabilizer Orientation Sub (UBHO) (dependent on measurement
tool)
Up to 3 Drill Collars ( 12 to 26 hole) or (MWD + 2
DCs)
String Stabilizer (optional, as is gauge if present)
Transition string, jars etc. as required
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Jetting ProcedureThe steps to follow are:
1. Orient BHA prior to commencing (Scribe or
survey)
2. Come on bottom using maximum flow rate
(>500/sec)3. Spud for +/- 6 (2m)
4. Rotate remainder of double at reduced flow
rate.
5. Survey (if retrievable tool or use cont. D&I if
MWD)
6. Adjust orientation and distance spudded as
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Whipstocks
Whipstocks are highly effective tools designed to
provide lateral displacement from the well-bore.
They do not give very large changes in dogleg but due
to the fact that what is provided is done in a verysmall change in MD. They generate high DLS
values.
Though whipstocks are a niche market tool their range
and diversity is on the increase.
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Whipstocks
Whipstocks come in five primary types:
Open Hole Retrievable Whipstocks
Open / Cased Hole Cemented Whipstocks Open Hole Packer Whipstocks
Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstocks
Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstocks
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Open / Cased Hole CementedWhipstock
Features:
2 run (minimum) system
Hollow, Bladed & Ported tail
Inexpensive
Simple & Reliable
Problems in field when making Low
side kick-offs
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Open / Cased Hole CementedWhipstock
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Open Hole Packer Whipstock
2 run system
Cement inflated Packer Costly
Complex but Reliable (hole conditions)
Features:
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Open Hole Packer Whipstock
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Open Hole Packer Whipstock
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Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock
1, 2 or 3 run system
Mechanically Set Packer Inexpensive
Simple
Requires Cement Plug or Bridge Plugto set
Features:
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Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock
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Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock
1, 2 or 3 run system
Hydraulically Set Packer Costly
Simple
Set at any depth or orientationrequired
Features:
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Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock
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Motors
Plentiful Supply, usually already on location
Cost effective for most applications Tenacious
Able to meet objectives after the Kick-off is
completed
Highly flexible in controlling DLS
Motors are the predominate method of kicking offa well for the following reasons:
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Motors
For the vast majority of side-tracks there is little or no
issue. A history of successful sidetracks are documented
in many of the formations that we encounter.
The focus of this presentation is on the exceptionsto
this rule, where side-tracks are problematicor where this
is the second or subsequent attempt to side-track the
well.
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Motors
When there is doubt attached to the probability of the
side-track a different approach is required. Issues need
to be addressed in the following areas:
Clients attitude Bit selection
Available Data
Bend setting & Orientation
Time Drilling
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Client Attitude
When the success of a side-track is not a foregone
conclusion the client needs to be made aware of:
The Side-track is the objective of the current
operation
Our commitment to success
The Time drilling program
The likely outcome of our actions The factors that have limited our success previously
The contingency plan
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Bit Selection
Bit selection should be based on the short term
requirement:Is durability a requirement?
NO
What are our requirements?
Ability to side-cut into this formation
What kind of bit will do this?
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Bit Selection
There are specialized PDC side-tracking bits:
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Bit Selection
And specialized Natural Diamond side-tracking bits:
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Bit Selection
There are certain characteristics common to fixed cutter
bits designed for side-tracking:
The bit must not be inherently stable
Shallow Cone
Negligible Taper
Minimal Gauge Protection
Short Shank High cutter density on the edge
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Bit Selection
When a dedicated fixed cutter bit is not available we
need to select the most appropriate roller cone bit. The
qualities that we are looking are those that will give us
the best side-cutting action.
Which bit will be most effective in side-tracking?
a) An insert bit
b) A milled tooth bit
c) It depends on the formation
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Bit Selection
To decide we need to consider the method used to
protect the gauge in the two different roller cone bit
types.
Insert bits are fitted with gauge
inserts
Milled Bits have no such apparentprotection
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Bit Selection
Another feature to consider is Skew:
Insert bits mostly have a Low
Skew
Milled tooth bits for soft
formation have a High Skew
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Bit Selection
Recap
When a problematic side-track is expected:
Dedicated Side-track bits are most effective Milled tooth bits are preferred to Insert bits
1-1-X bits are not suitable except in soft
formations
Hydraulics must be considered
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Available Data
When Preparing a Side-track it is advisable to use all the
information available to you to ensure success.
Sources of relevant data include:
Mud Log
Lithology
ROP
Problems and Observations i.e. losses, torque
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Available Data
Sources of relevant data include:
Geolograph / Martin Decker Sheet
ROP
Comments & Observations
Wireline logs
Caliper
Porosity
Resistivity Passive Gamma
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Available Data
Sources of relevant data include:
D&M data
Surveys
Observations
IADC Report
Some of this data will need to be interpreted as few
people like to report actions or events that reflectbadly on themselves, preferring to cloud the issue.
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Bend Setting & Orientation
Bend Setting function of DLS requirement
Increasing the bend provides a greater offset andthus a higher side-force.
The exception is when coming off a plug that hasstringers in it.
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Bend Setting & Orientation
Orientation is a function of Objective:
We need to decide what is most important
To never reenter the old hole
To correct the direction of the well toward a target
To facilitate to the maximum the side-track
Each of these will require a different approach
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Time Drilling
To time drill we need to plan our strategy based on:
ROP when drilled
Type & Behavior of Formation
Well Path close to the Side-track
Logs of this well or similar offset well
Use all available sources of information
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Time Drilling
Decide your game plan:
Time drilling Rate & Distance for each step
Inform Client Rep & Driller / Toolpusher
Maximize Block height
Be aware of Lag time
Watch cutting ratios
Sample catch quality Switch to WOB drilling
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Time Drilling Rules
In a tough sidetrack:
Dont let the client fluster you
Yes you can slow down again
It is never as bad as it seems
Patience wins through
The cost of setting a new plug is higher than drilling
slower
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Open hole Sidetrack
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Rotary Steerable
PD & whipstock kickoffs
Kick off from vertical
Open hole side tracks
That can be in three following part:
Sidetracking with PowerDrive
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Sidetracking with PowerDriveWhipstock
Ensure a decent rat hole is drilled 2-5m minimum, but do not
drill too far as mill may start to drop angle and track casing.
Ensure that the mills are in gauge after milling the window.
Ideally set toolface angle of the whipface at between 60 and
110 either left or right. This reduces the chance of trackingdown along the casing.
Do not rotate the tool through the window if possible.
Wash through the window and use low flow to prevent pad
damage.
Sidetracking with PowerDrive
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Sidetracking with PowerDriveWhipstock
Start drilling with reduced drilling parameters (WOB/RPM) to
prevent pad damage.
Use 100% setting to prevent PowerDrive tracking down the
side of the casing. Then cut back to required setting once clear
of the sidetrack.
If Whipstock, is a cased hole Whipstock then gravity toolface
must be used and if that is the case then sufficient angle must
be in the hole ie + 4-5 degrees. (SQ failure NS)
Kick off out of WhipstockPD475 (XOM
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B57)
Casing Interaction at kick off point
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
10000
1001
0
1002
0
10030
1004
0
10050
10060
1007
0
10080
10090
101
00
1011
0
1012
0
101
30
1014
0
101
50
Hole Depth
Powerdrive
Inclination
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100PDINCL (DEG)
Steering Setting
2 per. Mov. Avg. (SteeringSetting)2 per. Mov. Avg. (PDINCL (DEG))
Build Rate
5+deg/100
Build Rate
1.5deg/100
Kevin Gray 12th October 2002
Drop Rate
28deg/10
0
Casing Interaction areas
Bit damaged ?
Hole angle: 24 degrees.
At low initial setting PD BHA
started to track Casing.
Kick off from vertical
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Close to full gauge stabilizer (1/8 UG)
Allows maximum 3D steerability
Select bit type with aggressive side cutting action
Fully active gauge
Program the SCB for 4 pulse telemetry (GTF / MTF)
Start with maximum bias on the required magnetic TF
Establish kick off before reducing bias %
Downlink to gravity TF once above +/- 5 degrees inc.
Make any azimuth corrections early Do not work pipe close to bottom on connections
Sidetracking off a Cement plug
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g p g Ensure the cement is of sufficient quality and quantity
Consider using a flex joint and a near or full gauge control
stabilizer to maximize the steering response
Set the tool to a suitable steer angle with the maximum
proportion (100%)
If the cement plug is firm and able to take weight, attempt to drilloff using normal drilling RPM but controlled ROP
If the cement plug remains soft, consider waiting for the cement
to harden
Monitor the Inc from the tool to avoid excessive doglegs
Openhole sidetracking with PowerDrive
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Openhole sidetracking with PowerDrive
Should only be considered in high angle holes.
Formation drillability is key, softer/easier/quicker.
Choose a point with abrupt change in profile.ChevTex UK
put customized build sections into profile to enable OHST.
Be patient when creating ledge.
Set tool to 100% lowside, this only helps initially, then gravity
takes over.
Use high RPM and a bit with good side cutting ability.
After sidetrack is initiated monitor cont inc to control DLS.
S mmar
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Summary
Four primary kick-off methods
- Five primary types of Whipstocks
Explain where and why each method is preferred
Issues need to be addressed in Motor deflection Rotary Steerable
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Question????????????????????
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