Macromolecules part 4
dna
Central Dogma of Biology• DNAmRNAprotein• DNA TRANSCRIBES to mRNA
– What does transcribe mean???– To COPY– Process is called transcription– Copy the message from DNA
• mRNA TRANSLATES to proteins– To go from the language of “nucleic
acids” to the language of “proteins” we need to TRANSLATE the message
– Process is called translation– mRNA actually makes amino acids,
which come together to make proteins
• Monomer: Nucleotide– Structure of a Nucleotide
• Made of a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base
• Polymer: Chain of nucleotides (nucleic acids)– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)– Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Nucleic Acids
Central Dogma Of BiologyDNA RNAPROTEIN
DNA vs. RNA: What’s The Difference???– DNA
• genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms– Instructions to make RNA
and proteins• long-term storage of
information • NITROGENOUS BASES:
– Pyrimidines: cytosine and thymine
– Purines: guanine and adenine
– A binds to T and G binds to C in the polymer DNA
– RNA• messenger between DNA and the
protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes
• essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis
• Three types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA• NITROGENOUS BASES:
– Pyrimidines: cytosine and uracil– Purines: guanine and adenine– A binds to U and G binds to C in
the polymer RNA