Macromolecules part 4

dna

Central Dogma of Biology• DNAmRNAprotein• DNA TRANSCRIBES to mRNA

– What does transcribe mean???– To COPY– Process is called transcription– Copy the message from DNA

• mRNA TRANSLATES to proteins– To go from the language of “nucleic

acids” to the language of “proteins” we need to TRANSLATE the message

– Process is called translation– mRNA actually makes amino acids,

which come together to make proteins

• Monomer: Nucleotide– Structure of a Nucleotide

• Made of a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base

• Polymer: Chain of nucleotides (nucleic acids)– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)– Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Nucleic Acids

Central Dogma Of BiologyDNA RNAPROTEIN

DNA vs. RNA: What’s The Difference???– DNA

• genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms– Instructions to make RNA

and proteins• long-term storage of

information • NITROGENOUS BASES:

– Pyrimidines: cytosine and thymine

– Purines: guanine and adenine

– A binds to T and G binds to C in the polymer DNA

– RNA• messenger between DNA and the

protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes

• essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis

• Three types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA• NITROGENOUS BASES:

– Pyrimidines: cytosine and uracil– Purines: guanine and adenine– A binds to U and G binds to C in

the polymer RNA