A S I A
A S I AA M E R I C AM AT T E R S F O R
M AT T E R S F O R
AsiaMattersforAmerica.org
ASIA MATTERS FOR AM
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ASIA MATTERS FOR AMERICA/AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASIAThis initiative maps the trade, investment, employment, business, diplomacy, security, education, tourism, and people-to-people connections between the United States and the Indo-Pacific at the national, state, and local levels. This publication, the one-page connections summaries for states and Congressional districts, and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org website are resources for understanding the robust and dynamic US-Indo-Pacific relationship.
AsiaMattersforAmerica.org
Project TeamDirector: Satu Limaye, Ph.D. Coordinators: Caitlin Brophy and Colby Ferland Research & Content: Tanvi Banerjee, Kyle Bezold, Cathy Dao, Rivvy Eisenberg, Allison Golden, Kimlay Leav, Yegene Joyce Lee, Celine Mahne, Elyse Mark, Karen Mascariñas, Yeseul Oh, Luke Pluta-Ehlers, Savannah Shih, Karunia “Karin” Silitonga, Seulah Song, Elizabeth Smith, Ross Tokola, Peter Valente, Sarah Wang, Serphina Wang, Michael Weaver, and Sinae Yu
Copyright © 2018 East-West Center
The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the US Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options.
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HIGHLIGHTS3
SECURITYUS Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Indo-Pacific Are IncreasingAustralia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand are US treaty allies and the US has expanded partnerships with other countries in the region.
TRADE30% of US Goods and Services Exports Go to the Indo-PacificThe Indo-Pacific is the United States’ largest trading partner, with nearly $1.8 trillion in total trade in a year.
JOBSThree Million US Jobs Are Supported by Exports to and Investment from the Indo-PacificCalifornia alone has over 300,000 jobs supported by US exports to the Indo-Pacific’s markets, an increase of over 125,000 jobs in just five years.
INVESTMENTThe Indo-Pacific’s FDI in the US Grew by 112%, and US FDI in the Indo-Pacific Grew by 87% Within the Past Decade The value of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the Indo-Pacific in the United States increased from $323 billion to over $684 billion during the past decade.
Highlights Highlights
TRAVEL AND TOURISMThe United States and Indo-Pacific Exchange Nearly 28 Million Visitors Asian visitor spending contributed almost $90 billion to the US economy in a year.
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGEStudents from the Indo-Pacific Contribute More Than $25 Billion to the US EconomyOver 730,000 Asian students study in the United States in an academic year, more than twice the number from the rest of the world combined.
POPULATIONAsians Are the Fastest Growing Population Group in the United StatesMost recent data show that immigrants from the Indo-Pacific accounted for 29% of naturalizations in the United States over a year, totaling nearly 216,500.
SISTER PARTNERSHIPSThe United States and the Indo-Pacific Share Over 1,000 Sister State and City RelationshipsThe United States has more sister city relationships with the Indo-Pacific than with any other region in the world.
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INTRODUCTION5
The Indo-Pacific Is a Region of Growing ImportanceThe Indo-Pacific region† is home to more than half the world’s population, speaking 3,000 languages. This region includes the most populous country in the world (China), the largest democracy (India), and the largest Muslim-majority country (Indonesia).
Two of the three biggest global economies (Japan and China) are located in the Indo-Pacific and the region’s overall gross domestic product (GDP) totals $273 trillion. The Indo-Pacific is the fastest growing economic region in the world, with a growth rate of 5.7%. An estimated 60% of global maritime trade traverses the sea lanes of the South China Sea, and the region boasts nine of the 10 largest ports in the world.
The Indo-Pacific also hosts three of the five largest standing military forces. Five countries are treaty allies of the United States, and there are more US troops stationed in the Indo-Pacific than in any other region in the world.
MAP OF THE INDO-PACIFIC
East China Sea
Phillippine Sea
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Paci�c Ocean
Tasman Sea
Yellow Sea
Sea of Japan
Coral Sea
South China
Sea
CHINA
JAPAN
MONGOLIA
NORTH KOREA
SOUTH KOREA
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
BRUNEI
MYANMAR
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
LAOS
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
VIETNAM
TIMOR-LESTE
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
MALDIVES
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
AUSTRALIA
FIJI
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDSFEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
NAURU
NEW ZEALAND
PALAU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SAMOA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TUVALU
VANUATU
IRAN
OMAN
YEMEN
SAUDI ARABIA
SAUDI U.A.E.
KUWAIT
AFGHANISTAN
KYRGYSTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
RUSSIA
TAJIKISTAN
PAKISTAN
ASEAN*Population: 647 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.77 trillionASEAN’s 10 member states combined are the 5th largest Indo-Pacific investor in the United States.
JAPANPopulation: 127 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $4.87 trillionOne of the United States’ closest allies, Japan is the top foreign investor in the United States.
AUSTRALIAPopulation: 25 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $1.32 trillionThe United States and Australia have been allies since 1951 and have had a free trade agreement since 2005.
SOUTH KOREAPopulation: 51 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $1.53 trillionSouth Korea is a free trade partner and a treaty ally of the United States.
CHINAPopulation: 1.39 billionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $12.24 trillionChina is the United States’ largest trade partner in the Indo-Pacific.
TAIWANPopulation: 24 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $579.3 billionTaiwan is a democracy and is among the United States' 10 largest trade partners.
INDIAPopulation: 1.34 billionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.6 trillionIndia has been designated a Major Defense Partner and a top-tier Strategic Trade country for the United States.
PACIFIC ISLANDS**Population: 12 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $30.8 billionThe United States provides the Pacific Islands with economic development assistance and has important security and military ties in the region.
†The Asia Matters for America initiative defines the region as those countries comprising the US Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility.*The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries are Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.**Pacific Islands includes independent member countries of the Pacific Islands Conference of Leaders (PICL): Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.Sources: World Bank and CIA World Fact Book, 2017 dataNumbers rounded throughout publication. All monetary values are in US$ unless otherwise noted. Whenever possible, most recent available data is used. For the most up-to-date data please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org
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SECURITY7
US Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Indo-Pacific Are IncreasingThe Indo-Pacific region is home to US allies and partners, rising powers whose choices affect the United States’ safety and prosperity, and key security challenges ranging from nuclear weapons to contested territory. Australia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand are US treaty allies and the United States has expanded partnerships with other countries in the region. Many countries in the Indo-Pacific have achieved impressive economic growth over the past quarter century. The region is key to successfully handling global challenges such as equitable economic growth, environmental degradation, pandemic diseases, illegal trafficking, and global governance. However, in the region serious security problems such as historical animosities, territorial disputes, and weak regional institutions persist. China’s extraordinary economic and military development, with a combined assertive and cooperative approach to regional relations, is a central dynamic shaping the region. For the United States, alliances and partnerships remain the bedrock of its approach to the region. The United States is devoting more attention and resources there, given ongoing security challenges including working with regional groupings such as the East Asia Summit (EAS), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Excluding Hawai′i, the United States has nearly 87,000 active duty troops in the Indo-Pacific region, stationed at over 180 US military installations and bases. Japan is home to the most facilities, with 80, followed by South Korea with over 60 facilities. In recent years, the United States delivered over $6 billion in defense equipment to the region, with $2 billion going to Australia alone, and over $1 billion to South Korea. The United States maintains dozens of regular military exercises with Indo-Pacific countries, both bilateral and multilateral. Additionally, the US National Guard conducts the State Partnership Program (SPP), which links a US state’s National Guard with a partner nation’s military/security forces to conduct security cooperation exercises, disaster response training, and leadership development programs, and to cultivate institutional relationships. Currently, six US states are partnered with nine countries in the region, holding over 100 events in a single year.
US MILITARY ASSISTANCE* IN THE INDO-PACIFIC1 Philippines $141.2m 6 Cambodia $8.7m
2 Indonesia $36.5m 7 Malaysia $4.7m
3 Vietnam $22.7m 8 Bangladesh $4.3m
4 Nepal $21.1m 9 Mongolia $3.7m
5 Thailand $8.7m 10 Laos $3.5m
TOP 10 COUNTRIES US NATIONAL GUARD STATE PARTERSHIP PROGRAMS WITH INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES
US ALLIANCES AND MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
*The funding listed in the table accounts for programs such as Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and International Military Education and Training (IMET), as well as many other programs maintained by the Department of Defense, Department of State, and other relevant implementing agencies utilized by USAID’s Foreign Aid Explorer, 2016 data. Sources: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2016 data; Defense Manpower Data Center, US Department of Defense (US DoD), June 2018 data; US DoD, Base Structure Report 2015; US Indo-Pacific Command, US Navy; US Army, Pacific; US Marine Corps Forces, Pacific; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2016-2017 data; US National Guard State Partnership Program (SSP), 2016 Annual Report to Congress
US Treaty Allies
Troop PresenceJAPANSOUTH KOREA
PHILIPPINES
GUAM
SINGAPORE
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY
53,660
6,071
284
209
303 305
26,045
LEGEND
AUSTRALIA1,509
THAILAND
Japan hosts the largest number of US troops in the Indo-Pacific. Japan alone is estimated to host over 32% of the United States’ overseas troop presence globally.
South Korea consistently hosts up to 28.5 thousand US military personnel to help defend the country.
July 4th, 2018 marked “100 Years of Mateship” for the US and Australia, honoring their shared sacrifice as allies in every war involving the United States over the last century. Australia holds several annual and biennial military exercises with the United States, that focus on coordinating responses to emergency situations and security threats.
The Philippines plays an important role in cooperating with the United States on maritime security and counterterrorism. In recent years, the United States delivered over $100 million worth of defense equipment to the Philippines.
Thailand is the United States' oldest formal treaty partner in the Indo-Pacific, signing an agreement in 1833.
ALASKA AND MONGOLIA
HAWAI´I AND INDONESIA
HAWAI´I AND PHILIPPINES
IDAHO AND CAMBODIA
NEVADA AND TONGA
OREGON AND BANGLADESH
OREGON AND VIETNAM
WASHINGTON AND
THAILAND
14 programs
11 programs
19 programs
7 programs
16 programs
14 programs
9 programs
20 programs
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TRADE9
30% of US Goods and Services Exports Go to the Indo-PacificThe Indo-Pacific is the United States’ largest trading partner, with nearly $1.8 trillion in total trade in a year.
The United States exports nearly $700 billion in goods and services to the Indo-Pacific, a 47% increase over a decade. The United States exports more to the Indo-Pacific than to Canada and Mexico combined. Three of the United States’ 20 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners are in the Indo-Pacific (Australia, South Korea, and Singapore). An additional 14 countries in the region maintain Trade and Investment Framework Agreements (TIFAs) with the United States, including nine ASEAN member countries (Singapore has an FTA). Five of the United States’ top 10 bilateral trading partners are in the Indo-Pacific: China(1st), Japan(4th), South Korea(7th), India(9th), and Taiwan (10th).
Indo-Paci�c $689b
Europe $625bNAFTA $618b
Global Financial Crisis
$300b
$400b
$500b
$600b
$700b
2017201620152014201320122011201020092008
US EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES
US GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC BY STATE
COMPOSITION OF US GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS
LEGEND
$5 billion or less$5.1 - 10 billion
$10.1 - 20 billion
$20.1 - 50 billion
$50.1 billion or more
$7.1b
$7.3b
$12.8b
$16.2b
$20.2b
$13.7b
$13.4b
$9.2b
$11.5b
$8.7b
$2b
$14b
$14.7b
$39.6b
$1.2b
$17.2b$1.2b
$5.5b$13b
$1.9b$6.4b
$11.1b$25.7b
$3b
$2.7b
$9.4b
$3.6b$2.1b
$11.7b
$17.2b
$3.8b
$7.1b
$7b
$2b
$605m
$2b
$1.7b$9.6b
$6.3b$5.5b
$109.2b
$38.5b
$7b
$1.1b
$4.8b
$5.1b
$2.6b
$61.5b
$1.6b
$1.5b$2b
NEW MEXICO
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
Source exports line graph: US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2008-2017 dataSource US map and composition of exports: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2016 data
Transportation Services
$25.6b
Business, Professional and Technical Services
$30.8b
Other Service Exports$38.1b
Royalties and License Fees
$38.4b
Agricultural Products$35.8b
Machinery$35.7b
Miscellaneous Manufacturing$26b
18%
12%
11%
8%
6%6%
5%
4%
13%
6%
6%
4%
Other Goods Exports$106.7b
Computers & Electronic Products$74.5b
Transportation Equipment$67.8b
Chemicals$45.7b
Travel$78.6b
South Korea is Montana’s 2nd largest export market.
Wyoming’s exports to India have grown faster than those to any other country in the world, up to $17 million from $34 thousand a decade before.
Singapore has increased its purchases of Maryland's exports by $139 million in the last ten years.
Over a decade, Missouri’s exports to Myanmar increased 255-fold, from $16,000 to more than $4 million.
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TRADE11
The Indo-Pacific accounts for 40% of the total world exports to the United States with nearly $1.2 trillion in goods and services exported in a single year. Europe ranks 2nd among the United States' largest regional trade partners, with nearly $740 billion in exports to the United States in the same period.
EXPORTS TO THE US BY REGION
GROWTH OF INDO-PACIFIC EXPORTS
INDO-PACIFIC GOODS EXPORTS TO THE US BY COUNTRY
The Indo-Pacific's exports to the US grew by nearly 40% in the last decade.
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data Source pie chart: US BEA, 2017 data Source Indo-Pacific map: US International Trade Administration, 2016 data
LEGEND
Not Available
$10 million or less$11 million - 1 billion
$1.1 - 10 billion
$10.1 - 50 billion
$50.1 billion or more
$58k
$5m
$4m
$536k
$39m
$1m
$2m$91m
$6m
$203m
$4b
$3m
$5m
$10b
$20m
$18b
$3b$1m
$42b
$3b
$119m
$7b
$39b
$70b
$132b$463b
$10b
$14m
$37b
$19b
$4m
$6b
$89m
$46b $55m$245m
$29b
N/A
$11m
CHINA JAPAN
MONGOLIA
NORTH KOREA SOUTH
KOREA
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
MACAU
BRUNEI
MYANMAR
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
LAOS
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
VIETNAM
TIMOR-LESTE
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
MALDIVES
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
AUSTRALIA
FIJI
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA NAURU
NEW ZEALAND
PALAU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SAMOA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TUVALU
VANUATU
Indo-Paci�c$1.2t
Europe$738b
NAFTA$685b
Other$319b
25%
24%
11%40%
Indo-Paci�c$1.2t
Europe$738bNAFTA$685b
$300b
$450b
$600b
$750b
$900b
$1050b
$1200b
2017201620152014201320122011201020092008
Global Financial Crisis
TOP 10 COUNTRIES
Vietnam’s exports to the US grew 300% over a decade, the highest growth rate among ASEAN member states.
South Korea, the United States' 3rd largest export partner in the Indo-Pacific region, saw a 41% increase in exports over a decade.
US SERVICES TRADE SURPLUSES WITH INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES1 China $38b 6 Taiwan $4b
2 Australia $14.7b 7 Indonesia $1.5b
3 Japan $13.2b 8 Hong Kong $1.3b
4 South Korea $10.1b 9 Malaysia $1.1b
5 Singapore $9.7b 10 Vietnam $1b
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JOBS13
Three Million US Jobs Are Supported by Exports to and Investment from the Indo-PacificUS exports to the Indo-Pacific directly support 1.8 million US jobs. Twenty-nine US states have at least 20,000 jobs supported by exports to the Indo-Pacific. California alone has over 300,000 jobs supported by US exports to the Indo-Pacific's markets, an increase of over 125,000 jobs in just five years. Additionally, exports to the Indo-Pacific support up to 1.7 million indirect jobs* throughout the United States.
Over 1.2 million Americans are employed by Indo-Pacific majority owned multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the United States. Greenfield investment** from Indo-Pacific countries has created over half a million jobs, including over 90,000 in California and over 50,000 in Texas.
LEGEND
10,000 or fewer10,001 - 20,000
20,001 - 30,000
30,001 - 50,000
50,001 or more
13,504
22,167
35,710
45,759
71,854
29,506
41,195
28,803
34,806
25,087
4,841
43,483
41,428
125,101
4,197
50,471 3,753
14,670 35,271
4,966 21,012
34,417 84,417
12,612
11,648
20,068
9,014 8,176
40,006
47,426
12,107
28,048
30,983
12,147
1,556
11,806
6,229 31,169
16,044 22,847
319,046
92,436
24,586
5,205
21,584
19,939
9,993
154,401
6,608
4,879 6,431
NEW MEXICO
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
JOBS CREATED BY GREENFIELD INVESTMENT** FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 California 95,674
2 Texas 54,674
3 Georgia 32,527
4 New York 31,627
5 Tennessee 30,900
6 Indiana 29,123
7 Alabama 27,555
8 Michigan 25,135
9 Ohio 21,396
10 South Carolina 17,384
TOP 10 STATES
JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC
*Adding direct and indirect jobs estimates would provide the national job impact of a congressional district’s exports for a given industry, but would overstate the number of jobs supported in the district itself.**Greenfield investment refers to the building or expansion of new facilities rather than purchases or merges with existing companies.Source US map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2016 dataSource greenfield investment jobs: fDi Markets, January 2003-August 2018 dataSource foreign MNE employment: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2015 data
US EMPLOYMENT AT FOREIGN MAJORITY OWNED ENTERPRISES18% of US jobs at foreign owned enterprises are at Indo-Pacific companies
Europe4,319
Indo-Paci�c1,228
Canada636
Other638
9%
9%
18% 63%
Exports to the Indo-Pacific support more direct jobs in all four of Iowa’s congressional districts than the national average of 4,136.
The growth of jobs from exports to the Indo-Pacific from Oregon outpaced every other US state.
Georgia has the 9th largest number of jobs supported by exports to the Indo-Pacific, a growth of 42% in a half decade.
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INVESTMENT
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The Indo-Pacific’s FDI in the US Grew by 112%, and US FDI in the Indo-Pacific Grew by 87% Within the Past DecadeThe value of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the Indo-Pacific in the United States increased from $323 billion to over $684 billion during the past decade. Concurrently, US FDI in the Indo-Pacific increased to over $940 billion, up from $502 billion. Japan and South Korea are the only Indo-Pacific countries that invest more in the United States than vice versa.
LEGEND
NEW ZEALAND$12b$164m
Total Two-Way Investment
US Direct Investment in the Indo-Paci�c
FDI in the US from the Indo-Paci�c
JAPAN$129b$469b
CHINA$108b$40b
TAIWAN$17b$8b
INDIA$44b$10b
ASEAN$329b$28b
AUSTRALIA$169b$67b
SOUTH KOREA$42b$52b
HONG KONG$81b$11b
$39b$41b
$27b
US-INDO-PACIFIC DIRECT INVESTMENT IN REGIONAL CONTEXT
*Countries represented include Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Depository institutions, insurance, and industries listed by the US BEA as "Other" are excluded.**Countries represented include Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Taiwan. Depository institutions, insurance, and industries listed by the US BEA as "Other" are excluded.Source line graph and map: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Direct Investment Position Data, 2009-2017 dataSource US investment by industry: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) US Direct Investment Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2017 dataSource Indo-Pacific investment by industry: US BEA Foreign Direct Investment in the US on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2017 data
DIRECT INVESTMENT GROWTHTwo-way direct investment has grown steadily between the United States and the Indo-Pacific
0
$100b
$200b
$300b
$400b
$500b
$600b
$700b
$800b
$900b
201720162015201420132012201120102009
Indo-Paci�c Direct Investment in the US
US Direct Investment in the Indo-Paci�c
$684b
$940b
US DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES BY INDUSTRY*
INDO-PACIFIC INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY INDUSTRY**
Holding Companies (Nonbank)
$28b
Mining$35b
Professional, Scienti�c, and
Technical Services$38b
Information$42b
Real estate and rental and leasing
$21b
Information$31b
Manufacturing$197b
Finance$136b
WholesaleTrade$91b
Manufacturing$209b
Finance$87b
Wholesale Trade$159b
2%Professional, Scienti�c, and Technical Services$13b
2%Retail$10b
39%
30%
35%
24%
16%
7%
7%
6%5%
16%
4%6%
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INVESTMENT
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Indo-Pacific companies have invested in every US state. Indo-Pacific greenfield investment – which includes building new facilities rather than purchasing or merging with existing ones – have totaled over $240 billion since 2003. Over 41% of this investment comes from Japanese companies, the single largest global investor in greenfield projects since 2003. Six states have received over $10 billion in Indo-Pacific greenfield investment since 2003.
Samsung, based in South Korea, is the largest investor in greenfield projects in the United States, having invested over $15 billion. Toyota, a Japanese car manufacturer, has invested more than $14 billion in over 100 US greenfield projects since 2003, creating an estimated 35,000 jobs across the United States.
LEGEND
$400 million or less$401 million - 1 billion
$1.1 - 4 billion
$4.1 - 10 billion
$10.1 billion or more
$9.3b
$624m
$6.5b
$11.2b
$2.9b
$7b
$4.8b
$5.6b
$10.8b
$5.2b
$3.2b
$7.3b
$4.2b
$21.5b
$28m
$1.8b$206m
$442m$4.7b
$138m$1.5b
$8.8b$6.5b
$4b
$2.8b
$25.8b
$716m$1b
$2.9b
$1.6b
$182m
$548m
$943m
$1.2b
$57m
$248m
$209m$2.2b
$67m$5.2b
$28.8b
$2.8b
$17m
$166m
$511m$870m
$774m
$36.4b
$654m
$89m$505m
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW MEXICO
INDO-PACIFIC GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
TOP 10 COUNTRIES
WORLD SHARE OF GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
TOP INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES WITH GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE US1 Japan $110.7b
2 China $49.5b
3 South Korea $41.4b
4 Australia $22.4b
5 Taiwan $16.2b
6 India $14.5b
7 Hong Kong $5b
8 Singapore $3.4b
9 New Zealand $3b
10 Thailand $1.1b
Source: fDi Markets, January 2003-August 2018 data
41%
18%
15%
8%6%
5%5%
Australia$22.4b
Taiwan$16.2b
India$14.5b
Other$14.2b
49%
33%
9%
4%3%2%
Europe$405.5b
Indo-Paci�c$269b
NorthAmerica
$77.5b
Middle East and
Central Asia$77.5b
Africa $23.8b
South America and the
Caribbean $16.6b
Japan$110.7b
China$49.5b
South Korea$41.4b
18
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
TRAVEL AND TOURISM19
The United States and the Indo-Pacific Exchange Nearly 28 Million VisitorsOver 15 million visitors from the Indo-Pacific came to the United States, accounting for 20% of all overseas visitors in a year. Asian visitor spending contributed almost $90 billion to the US economy in a year. Travel and tourism from the Indo-Pacific benefit every region of the United States, with nearly half of US states each receiving over $1 billion in revenue from Asian visitors in a single year. US airlines offer direct flights from 21 US cities, connecting to 31 cities in 12 Indo-Pacific countries.
LEGEND
$250 million or less
$251 - 500 million
$501 million - 1 billion
$1.1 - 5 billion
$5.1 billion or more
Direct US-Indo-Paci�c Flights
$575m
$750m
1.7b
$2.4 b
$7b
$982m
$1.9b
$1.8b
$1.6b
$824m
$325m
$1.8b
$2.8b
$8.6b
$271m
$3.7b$374m
$764m$2.1b
$167m$1.7b
$1.3b$3.9b
$446m
$321m
$1.1b
$281m$1.1b
$1.1b
$939m
$213m
$1.5b
$426m
$98m
$114m
$158m
$388m
$2b
$654m
$2.5b
$14.1b
$2.2b
$208m
$265m
$432m$1.8b
$805m
$7.1b
$786m
$199m$332m
NEW MEXICO
Honolulu
Houston
Kailua-Kona
New YorkNewark
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Las Vegas
Portland
Seattle
Los AngelesOntario
San Francisco
San Jose
Minneapolis
San Diego
VISITOR SPENDING FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC
VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES BY REGIONThe Indo-Pacific accounts for 20% of foreign travelers to the US
Source US map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership, 2016 dataSource top ten list: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data Source pie chart: US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, FY 2016 data
TOP 10 COUNTRIES
Los Angeles has the most direct flights to the Indo-Pacific of any US city, offering 21 direct flights to cities in 9 countries.
813k
43%
15.1m
20%
12%
2% 1%
23%
Africa
Indo-Paci�c 32.7mNorth America
$18mEurope
8.9mSouth America and the Caribbean
1.2mMiddle East and Central Asia
VISITOR SPENDING IN THE US FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 China $33.2b
2 Japan $16.6b
3 India $13.4b
4 Australia $8.7b
5 South Korea $8.6b
6 Taiwan $2.2b
7 New Zealand $1.3b
8 Philippines $1.2b
9 Singapore $1b
10 Hong Kong $935m
Illinois receives the largest amount of visitor spending in the Midwest, at nearly $4 billion.
20
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
TRAVEL AND TOURISM21
Nearly 11.5 million Americans visited the Indo-Pacific in a one year period. China, India, and Japan are the top three destinations for US tourists. In all but nine countries in the region, travel from the United States increased from the year prior.
Not Available
1,000 or fewer1,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 100,000
100,001 - 1 million
1.1 million or more
Direct US-Indo-Paci�c Flights
Brisbane
Sydney
Melbourne
Beijing
Nanjing
Jinan
Shanghai
Shenzhen
Changsha
Chengdu
Mumbai
New Delhi
WuhanChongqing
FuzhouGuangzhou
Hangzhou
Hong Kong
FukuokaNagoya
Tokyo
Sapporo
Osaka
Taipei
Auckland
Nadi
Apia
Manila
Singapore
Majuro
120 10.6k
887
7.3k1.5k
N/A
1.5k12.2k
2.9k
69.6k
43.1 k
8.1k
2.2k
716.6k
32.6k
516.5k
54.3k8.4k
552.6k
238.7k
190.9k
1.2m
523.9k
866.2k
1.2m
2.3m
869.5k
3.4k
217.1k
316.8k
7.3k
N/A
53.6k
1.3m
58.1k
76.5k
115k
1k
15.9k
CHINA
JAPAN
MONGOLIA
NORTH KOREA*
SOUTH KOREA
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
MACAU
BRUNEI
MYANMAR
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
LAOS
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
VIETNAM
TIMOR-LESTE
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
MALDIVES
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
AUSTRALIA
FIJI
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
NAURU
NEW ZEALAND
PALAU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SAMOA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TUVALU
VANUATU
Seoul
Spending $13.4 billion in a year, India contributes the 3rd most travel revenue to the United States from the Indo-Pacific, behind China ($33.2 billion) and Japan ($16.6 billion).
*2016 data for North Korea is estimated from media reports ** China data includes Hong Kong and MacauSources: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data; various Asian Departments, Ministries, and Bureaus of Tourism and Travel; US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, 2016 dataFor more information on our methodology, please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources-and-methodology
TOP COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR ASIAN VISITORS TO THE USUS VISITORS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
3.3m
4m
2m2.2m
1.5m
450k515k
160k354k 134k
0
500k
1m
1.5m
2m
2.5m
3m
3.5m
4m
IndonesiaNew Zealand
SingaporePhilippinesTaiwanAustraliaIndiaSouth Korea
China**Japan
China and Japan each saw an increase of over 100,000 visitors from the United States. Visitor spending by Americans contributed over $37 billion to Indo-Pacific countries in a year. China ($5.4 billion), Japan ($4.3 billion), and South Korea ($3.6 billion) lead the region in revenue from US visitors.
Tokyo has the most direct flights to the US of any Indo-Pacific city, with 19. The US is the largest source of visitors to Japan from outside the Indo-Pacific region.
TOP 10 COUNTRIESUS VISITOR SPENDING IN ASIA1 China $5.38b 6 Taiwan $3.23b
2 Japan $4.29b 7 Hong Kong $2.72b
3 South Korea $3.56b 8 Australia $2.51b
4 India $3.54b 9 New Zealand $1.66b
5 Philippines $3.31b 10 Singapore $760m
The Philippines has the highest volume of two-way travel with the United States of all Southeast Asian countries, and the 6th highest volume in the Indo-Pacific, with 1.3 million tourists exchanged in a year.
22
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
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AM
ERIC
A
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE23
THE INDO-PACIFIC'S SHARE OF ALL INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS1 Delaware 84%
2 Washington 81%
3 Hawai´i 79%
4 Indiana 78%
5 Iowa 78%
6 New Hampshire 77%
7 Illinois 75%
8 California 74%
9 Missouri 74%
10 Oregon 73%
ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 California $4.4b
2 New York $3.4b
3 Massachusetts $1.8b
4 Texas $1.5b
5 Pennsylvania $1.4b
6 Illinois $1.3b
7 Ohio $831m
8 Indiana $811m
9 Michigan $805m
10 Washington $682m
Students from the Indo-Pacific Contribute More Than $25 Billion to the US EconomyNearly 68% of international students in the United States are from the Indo-Pacific.Over 730,000 Asian students study in the United States in an academic year, more than twice the number from the rest of the world combined. The Asian student population has grown by over 92% in the last ten years, up from 380,000. These students support over 300,000 jobs across the United States, contributing more than $25 billion to the US economy. Over 67% of foreign undergraduate students are from the Indo-Pacific, with the number for graduate students exceeding 73%.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC
Sources: Institute of International Education (IIE), Open Doors data; NAFSA: Association of International Educators, 2016/17 data
TOP PLACES OF ORIGIN OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
0
50k
100k
150k
200k
250k
300k
350k
400k
BrazilMexicoJapanTaiwanVietnamCanadaSaudi Arabia
South Korea
IndiaChina
350,755
186,267
58,663 52,61127,065 22,438 21,516 18,780 16,835 13,089
LEGEND
2,000 or fewer2,001 - 5,000
5,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 25,000
25,001 or more
5,768
9,021
24,122
15,192
19,730
3,352
13,128
11,621
4,486
4,372
1,427
27,349
36,427
86,183
646
42,2163,506
9,184 14,767
4,736 13,072
23,94639,261
1,661
3,688
3,794
225 3,036
10,733
9,706
1,088
17,112
9,738
1,304
570
1,160
1,62716,516
4,4651,789
115,541
22,532
6,881
609
4,430
6,171
6,090
59,831
7,135
1,0923,578
NEW MEXICO
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
TOP 10 STATES TOP 10 STATES
24
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE25
LEGEND
0
50 or fewer51 - 500
501 - 5,000
5,001 or more
0
37
0
0
5
0
33
2
266
3,806
11
9
9,536
0
969
14534
1,012
594
4
1,612
980
3,622
7,145
11,688
460
11
279
597
114
27
370
4,181 1255
2,093
0
71
CHINA
JAPAN
MONGOLIA
NORTH KOREA
SOUTH KOREA
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
MACAU
BRUNEI
MYANMAR
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
LAOS
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
VIETNAM
TIMOR-LESTE
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
MALDIVES
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
AUSTRALIA
FIJI
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDS
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA NAURU
NEW ZEALAND
PALAU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SAMOA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TUVALU
VANUATU
Nearly 20% of Americans studying abroad go to the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific is an increasingly popular location for US students to study abroad, with nearly 50,000 Americans studying in the region, an increase of nearly 30% from a decade before. Though China and Australia are the most popular destinations for US students, study abroad in Southeast and South Asian countries has increased by 92% and 73% respectively in the last decade.
US STUDENTS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC STUDY ABROAD IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
TWO-WAY FULBRIGHT PARTICIPANTS
The number of US students studying abroad in Indonesia has increased from just over 50 US students to nearly 600 in under a decade.
Taiwan has more than doubled its share of incoming US students in the last decade, up 110%.
Sources: Institute of International Education (IIE), Open Doors data; US Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
0
3,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
15,000
2015/162014/152013/142012/132011/122010/112009/102008/092007/082006/07
China11,688
Australia9,536
Japan 7,145
ASEAN 6,082
India 4,181New Zealand 3,806Other 3,693South Korea 3,622
The US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) administers many exchange programs that both US and non-US citizens may apply to, including the well-known Fulbright Program, which is accessible to students, teachers, and scholars in almost every Indo-Pacific country. Nearly 18,400 participants have been involved in Fulbright exchanges between the United States and the Indo-Pacific in the last ten years.
In total, US citizens going to India have received over 4,160 Fulbright Grants since 1949. India is by far the most prolific recipient in the region. 0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2016201520142013201220112010200920082007
LEGEND
US Participants in the Indo-Paci�c
Indo-Paci�c Participants in US
724
691 768 754839
976 945 950 977 973
840903
776
1,166 1,119 1,136969 1,034 991
647
26
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
POPULATION27
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF FASTEST GROWING ASIAN AND AUSTRALIAN POPULATIONS1 South Dakota 9%
2 North Dakota 8%
3 Wyoming 6%
4 Missouri 6%
5 Nebraska 6%
6 Indiana 6%
7 Iowa 5%
8 Delaware 5%
9 North Carolina 5%
10 West Virginia 5%
LEGEND
20,000 or fewer20,001 - 50,000
50,001 - 100,000
100,001 - 500,000
500,001 or more
78,527
176,201
331,968
429,409
662,719
90,455
308,709
589,712
132,845
73,520
18,995
283,709
466,844
1,724,804
22,547
471,297 41,702
176,970 875,231
38,951 414,647
157,754 732,442
36,563
51,302
94,308
61,015 961,822
295,741
228,906
36,403
139,282
81,907
12,770
8,502
14,840
47,199 276,487
99,839 293,069
6,292,533
738,043
221,433
12,994
50,914
97,105
101,280
1,320,548
32,608
13,009 40,247
NEW MEXICO
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
Asians Are the Fastest Growing Population Group in the United States Among the US population, 6% identifies as Asian or Australian.* Nearly 20 million people in the United States identify with an Asian ethnicity, including an estimated 100,000 claiming Australian ancestry. Over six years, the Asian population grew by 21%, making it the fastest growing ethnicity in the United States. In that time, the Asian and Australian population has increased by over 50,000 people in 17 separate US states. California and Texas alone saw a combined increase of over one million.
Minnesota has the 2nd largest Hmong population (an ethnic group with populations throughout Southeast Asia and Southern China) in the United States, with over 75,000 people.
Ohio is home to the United States’ largest Bhutanese population.
ASIAN AND AUSTRALIAN POPULATION BY US STATE
POPULATION GROUPSPeople who identify with an Asian ethnicity or Australian ancestry
*The US Census Bureau classifies people with Australian ancestry in a separate data set than those with Asian ethnicity.For this publication, Asian Americans consist of those ethnicities categorized as Asian alone or in combination by the US Census Bureau, not including Pakistani. Pacific Islanders are not counted in these figures. Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 data; American Community Survey, 2016 data
0
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
Chinese
Laotian
Thai
Hmong
Filipino
Indian
Vietnamese
Korean
Japanese
Other Asian, n
ot speci�ed
Cambodian
3,772,868
3,746,270
1,9
48,720
1,795,614
317,931
289,461 280,835 262,832
4,558,129
1,413
,802 579
,909
TOP 10 STATES
Indian Americans are Texas’ largest Asian population group, and Texas is home to the 4th largest Indian American population in the United States at nearly 350,000.
28
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
POPULATION29
LEGEND
Not Available
$10 million or less$10.1 - 100 million
$101 million - 1 billion
$1.1 - 10 billion
$10.1 billion or more
$0.2m
$4.8m
$8.1m
$17m$25m
N/A
$0.9m$0.6m
N/A
$19m
$16m
$31m
N/A
$306m
N/A
N/A
$223m$1.3m
$6.7b
$77m
$4m
$123m
N/A
$2.9b
$1.3b
$15.4b
$10.5b
N/A
$60m
$248m
$0.1m
$452m
$314m
$10.7b
$23m
$37m
$1.7b
N/A
$0.8m
CHINA
JAPAN
MONGOLIA
NORTH KOREA
SOUTH KOREA
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
MACAU
BRUNEI
MYANMAR
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
LAOS
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE
THAILAND
VIETNAM
TIMOR-LESTE
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
INDIA
MALDIVES
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
AUSTRALIA
FIJI
KIRIBATI
MARSHALL ISLANDSFEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA
NAURU
NEW ZEALAND
PALAU
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SAMOA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TONGA
TUVALU
VANUATU
REMITTANCES, NATURALIZATION AND IMMIGRATIONImmigrants from the Indo-Pacific accounted for 29% of naturalizations in the United States, totaling nearly 216,500. This reflected a positive growth rate of 6% over a 10-year period. Over $51 billion of US remittances were sent to the Indo-Pacific in a year, making up 37% of the total remittance outflow from the United States.
THE INDO-PACIFIC'S SHARE OF US NATURALIZATIONS
US REMITTANCES TO THE INDO-PACIFIC
Asians and Australians account for 29% of US citizenship naturalizations
TOP 10 COUNTRIES
Sources: US Department of Homeland Security; US Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
Middle East and Central Asia
7%
11%
10%
15%29%
29%
Indo-Paci�c
South American and Caribbean
North America
Europe
Africa
TOP ASIAN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR US NATURALIZATIONS1 India 46,188
2 Philippines 41,285
3 China 35,794
4 Vietnam 24,848
5 South Korea 14,347
6 Bangladesh 9,949
7 Myanmar 6,956
8 Bhutan 5,563
9 Thailand 5,211
10 Nepal 5,004
30
AS
IA M
ATT
ERS
FOR
AM
ERIC
A
SISTER PARTNERSHIPS31
LEGEND
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
40 or more
12
21
34
22
34
5
11
22
14
12
1
32
15
14
3
201
1116
313
2526
0
8
1
2072
19
38
5
17
18
2
0
2
716
95
245
75
6
6
524
15
49
3
22
NEW MEXICO
MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND
NEVADA
WYOMING
MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
WESTVIRGINIA
MAINE
MISSISSIPPI
OKLAHOMA
HAWAI′I
WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
UTAH
ARIZONA
COLORADO
IDAHO
NEBRASKA
TEXAS
MINNESOTA
IOWA
WISCONSIN
MICHIGAN
ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
S CAROLINA
N CAROLINA
PENNSYLVANIA
NEWYORK
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
KANSAS
ALASKA
VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE
The United States and the Indo-Pacific Share Over 1,000 Sister State and City RelationshipsThe United States and the Indo-Pacific share 949 sister city relationships and 89 sister state relationships. Sister relationships foster civic and people-to-people relationships, as well as commercial ties between states, cities, and other jurisdictions in the United States and foreign countries. SISTER CITY RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE UNITED STATES
COUNTRIES WITH MOST SISTER PARTNERSHIPS IN THE UNITED STATES
SISTER PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE US AND THE INDO-PACIFIC
Sources: Sister Cities International (SCI), 2018 data; individual sister city associations; For more information on sister cities, please visit our website: AsiaMattersforAmerica.org
California has 245 sister partnerships with the Indo-Pacific, the most of any state. Japan maintains the most sister partnerships with the United States with 451. The first US sister city relationship in the Indo-Pacific was formed between St. Paul, Minnesota, and Nagasaki, Japan, on December 7th, 1955 (the 14th anniversary of Pearl Harbor). The United States has more sister city relationships with the Indo-Pacific than with any other region in the world.
San Antonio, TX has hosted an annual Diwali festival since 2011 to promote its sister city relationship with Chennai, India.
The state of Hawai′i maintains 13 sister state relationships with provinces and prefectures in China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and the Philippines – the most of any state.
North and Central America
Africa and Middle East
9%
12%
16%
26%
38%Indo-Paci�c
Europe
SouthAmerica
0
100
200
300
400
500
PhilippinesTaiwanSouth KoreaChinaJapan
451
201
110 85 63
Stratford, CT and Stratford, New Zealand are part of a group of sister cities that share the name “Stratford”. They meet once every two years in one of the cities to celebrate their Shakespearean namesake and engage in cultural exchange.
Lexington, KY and Shinhidaka, Japan share a sister relationship because of their mutual connection to the horse industry.
Eugene, OR and its sister city, Jinju, South Korea are connected through similar rivers, the Willamette River and the Nam River, respectively, coursing through the middle of their cities.
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A S I A
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This initiative maps the trade, investment, employment, business, diplomacy, security, education, tourism, and people-to-people connections between the United States and the Indo-Pacific at the national, state, and local levels. This publication, the one-page connections summaries for states and Congressional districts, and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org website are resources for understanding the robust and dynamic US-Indo-Pacific relationship.
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