Spring 2013 Semester Seminar Presentation
Microbots and Their Role in Medical Mission
Presented by
Aheibam Laxmi, 12EC65D01
Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering
28TH Jan 2013
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR1/19
Scope of Presentation
1. Introduction – What are Microbots?
2 How it looks like? 2. How it looks like?
3. PillCam – realizing Feynman’s Dream3 Ca ea g ey a s ea
4. Technologies behind Microbots
5. Various Researches on Microbots for Medical Mission
6. Criticalities & Conclusion
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 2/19
Introduction
What are Microbots?
The ‘microbot’ is acronym for ‘microscopic robot’.The microbot is acronym for microscopic robot .
Blending biological, mechanical and electronicsystems(sub-systems) with phenomenal precision aswell as accuracy, microbot is a fully integrated
hi ti t d tsophisticated system,o blurring the lines between men and machines and and o transforming fiction into reality.
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 3/19
How it Looks Like?
Fig Solar powered and Fig Insect like microbotFig. Solar-powered and self-motile microbot
Fig. Insect like microbot
Fig. Proteus – Small PiezoelectricMicrobot
Fig. MC-1 Bacteria based Magnetic Microbots
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 4/19
[Courtesy: http://www.azorobotics.com/article.aspx?ArticleId=14 ]
1959 : ‘ In a surgery, if you could swallow the surgeon.......... ’
2001: PillCam by Given Imaging Inc, Israel – Realizing Feyman’s Dream
d h illi i h i d ( i di )
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT)PillCam (11 x 32 mm)
[Courtesy: Guobing Pan and Litong Wang, “Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Progress and
Today more than 1.6million patients have experienced (Not in India!!)
But Why PillCam (Wireless Capsule Endoscopy)?
[ y g g g, p py gTechnical Challenges,” Gastroenterology Research and Practice, vol. 2012, Article ID 841691, 9 pages, 2012.and http://marty4650.blogspot.in/2010/09/amazing-pill-cam.html]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 5/19
Technologies behind Microbots
b d h lMRI based Technology
But How MRI Technology will help to guide/control microbot?
[Courtesy: www.magnet.fsu.edu, www.howstuffworks.com and IEEE Spectrum , Oct 2012]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 6/19
MC-1 MTB: Magnetotactic BacteriaNatural Magnetic Micro-Carrierg
Size: 2 micrometer in Diameter
MC-1 MTB
[Courtesy: IEEE Spectrum, Oct 2012And Journal of National Center for
Biotechnology Information, Apr 2009]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 7/19
Technologies behind MicrobotsMicro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS): Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS):
A technology --where miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanicalelements (i e devices and structures) that are made using the techniques ofelements (i.e., devices and structures) that are made using the techniques ofmicrofabrication.
Fig A MEMS based microbot fabricated byFig. A MEMS based microbot fabricated bySwitzerland's ETH team in Zurich,compared in size to head of a fruit fly, 2010
[Courtesy: EETimes, https://www.mems-exchange.org/MEMS/what-is.html & IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 8/19
Synthetic Biology: S th ti Bi l f tSynthetic Biology refers to:
design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems
re design of existing natural biological systems for useful purposes re-design of existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes.
Fig No. Muscle-Powered Micro Machine
[Courtesy: http://www.technovelgy.com and IEEE Spectrum, 2012]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 9/19
Piezo-Electric Material TechnologyPi El t i M t i l h bilit t d Piezo-Electric Material has ability to produce ---
voltage output in response to an applied stressstrain output (or deformation) in response to an applied voltage
Monash University in Victoria, Australiauses 2nd property to rotate a flagellum like tailo uses 2nd property to rotate a flagellum-like tail.
o motor can propel a microbot through bloodstream at up to 6 cm/sec
[Courtesy: Monash University, Australia]
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 10/19
Various Researches on making Microbots
St bl SSteerable Surgeon
Courtesy: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ; Body design: Flat nickel parts are assembled to make a 3-D tool;Body design: Flat nickel parts are assembled to make a 3 D tool; Power source: External electromagnetic coils; Steering Mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: Microscope; g p ;Size (length): 1 millimeter; Applications: Retinal surgeries, drug therapy for ocular disease; Status: Navigation has been tested in rabbit eyes.
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 11/19
Robot Pills
Courtesy: Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy;Body design: A capsule contains a magnet, camera, wireless chip,
and set of mechanical legsand set of mechanical legs. Power source: DC motors, magnets outside the body; Steering mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: Camera, wireless telemetry system; g , y y ;Size (length): 2 centimeters; Applications: Disease screening; Status: Visual inspection has been tested in a pig’s intestines.
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 12/19
Plaque Bluster
Courtesy: Chonnam National University, South Korea; Body design: A magnetic capsule is equipped with a micro drill
head; head; Power source: Electromagnetic coils; Steering mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: MRI and X-ray imaging; Si (l h) illi Size (length): 10 millimeters; Application: Removal of plaque in the arteries; Status: Prototype is being developed.
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 13/19
Magnetic Microcarriers
Courtesy: École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada; Body design: Magnetic nanoparticles and anticancer drugs are encased Body design: Magnetic nanoparticles and anticancer drugs are encased
in a biodegradable polymer sac; Power source: MRI machine;Steering mechanism: Magnetic field gradients; Tracking device: MRI imaging; Size (diameter): 50 micrometers; Application: Anticancer drug delivery; Status: Navigation and drug release have been tested in rabbitsStatus: Navigation and drug release have been tested in rabbits
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 14/19
Bacteriabots
Courtesy: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh; Body design: Swarms of bacteria self-attach to polymer beads; Body design: Swarms of bacteria self-attach to polymer beads; Power source: Flagella of living bacteria; Steering mechanism: Chemical, gas, temperature, or acidity gradients; Tracking device: Fluorescent or X-ray imaging;
i diSize (diameter): 55 micrometers; Application: Disease diagnosis and drug delivery; Status: Chemical navigation has been tested in the lab
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 15/19
Corkscrew Swimmers
Courtesy: Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia; Body design: A capsule contains a piezoelectric rotary motor that
whips an attached tail; whips an attached tail; Power source: Wireless power transmission; Steering mechanism: Piezoelectric vibrations; Tracking device: X-ray imaging; Size (diameter): 250 micrometers; Application: Vessel navigation; Status: Motor has been tested using applied electric currents
in the labin the lab
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 16/19
Criticalities and Conclusion
Major Criticalities: o To achieve microbots of few micron sizeo Steering mechanism for such a small size
There are so many Unanswered Questions!H i b t d d t d li h d t
o Steering mechanism for such a small size.
o How many micrbots are needed to deliver enough drugs to kill a tumor?o What amount of bacteria is safe to inject in humans? o Will the body raise antibodies against them?
Still, we need to wander with a big hope that onedaymicrobot will contribute heavily and successfully to
their journey on Medical Mission!t e jou ey o ed ca ss o !
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 17/19
References[1] Sylvain Martel ‘Magnetic Microbots to Fight Cancer : Magnets steer[1] Sylvain Martel , Magnetic Microbots to Fight Cancer : Magnets steermedical microbots through blood vessels’, "IEEE Spectrum – InsideTechnology", Spectrum, IEEE , Oct 2012.
[2] Guobing Pan and Litong Wang “Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy:[2] Guobing Pan and Litong Wang, Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy:Progress and Technical Challenges,” Gastroenterology Research and Practice,vol. 2012, Article ID 841691, 9 pages, 2012
[3] Steltz E ; Seeman M ; Avadhanula S ; Fearing R S ; "Power Electronics[3] Steltz, E.; Seeman, M.; Avadhanula, S.; Fearing, R.S.; , Power ElectronicsDesign Choice for Piezoelectric Microrobots," Intelligent Robots and Systems,2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1322-1328, 9-15Oct 2006Oct. 2006[4] Sylvain Martel, Mahmood Mohammadi, Ouajdi Felfoul, Zhao Lu, and PierrePouponneau, ‘Flagellated Magnetotactic Bacteria as Controlled MRI-trackablePropulsion and Steering Systems for Medical Nanorobots Operating in the
[5] http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=46
Propulsion and Steering Systems for Medical Nanorobots Operating in theHuman Microvasculature’, Int J Rob Res. 2009 April 1; 28(4): 571–582.
[6] http://www.azorobotics.com/article.aspx?ArticleId=14
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 18/19
Th k !!Thank you!!
Seminar on ‘Microbots & Their Role in Medical Mission’ : Aheibam Laxmi, IIT, KGP 28TH Jan ‘13 19/19