Download pdf - Name January 2017 Living Environment Midterm Review Packet ... · Living Environment Midterm Review Packet 8.Base your answer to the following question on the information below and

Name January 2017Living Environment Midterm Review Packet Ms. Bottiglieri

Living Environment Midterm Review Packet

A) heat the solution at the lowest temperaturepossible on a hot plate

B) stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporationof the solution

C) use a Bunsen burner to heat the solutionD) stir the solution while it is heating

1. Which statement represents an unsafe procedure forheating a nutrient solution in a flask?

A) When holding the test tube, keep fingers closestto the open end of the tube.

B) Direct the flame of the burner into the open endof the test tube.

C) Stopper the test tube with a rubber stopper.D) Wear goggles and a laboratory apron.

2. Which safety precaution is recommended when aliquid is being heated in a test tube?

A) list of safety precautions for the experimentB) list of equipment needed for conducting the

experimentC) procedure for the use of technologies needed for

the experimentD) conclusion based on data expected to be

collected in the experiment

3. The development of an experimental research planshould not include a

A) A control group must be part of a validexperiment.

B) Scientific explanations can be modified as newevidence is found.

C) The same experiment must be repeated manytimes to validate the results.

D) Values can be used to make ethical decisionsabout scientific discovery.

4. In 1910, Thomas Morgan discovered a certain patternof inheritance in fruit flies known as sex linkage. Thisdiscovery extended the ideas of inheritance thatGregor Mendel had discovered while working withgarden peas in 1865. Which principle of scientificinquiry does this illustrate?

A) Scientific theories that have been changed arethe only ones supported by scientists.

B) All scientific theories are subject to change andimprovement.

C) Most scientific theories are the outcome of asingle hypothesis.

D) Scientific theories are not subject to change.

5. In his theory, Lamarck suggested that organisms willdevelop and pass on to offspring variations that theyneed in order to survive in a particular environment.In a later theory, Darwin proposed that changingenvironmental conditions favor certain variations thatpromote the survival of organisms. Which statementis best illustrated by this information?


6. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A student investigated the effectiveness of four different mouthwashes in destroying bacteria. Heinoculated the nutrient agar in four petri dishes with bacteria. Each of four paper disks, 1 centimeterin diameter, was soaked in a different mouthwash sample and placed on a different agar surface.Sterile procedures were used throughout the experiment. Each petri dish was placed in an incubatorat a temperature of 37ºC for a 24-hour period. The diagram below represents the sequence of eventsin this investigation. The shaded areas in the petri dishes represent regions of bacterial growth.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which petri dish contains the most effective mouthwash?

A) effect of sugar on a metabolic activity of yeastB) effect of temperature on a metabolic activity of

yeastC) solubility of yeast in water at 30°CD) solubility of sugar in a yeast suspension

7. A student added 10 mL of a yeast suspension and 10mL of 30°C water to each of two test tubes. Fivegrams of sugar was then added to one of the testtubes. Both test tubes were gently swirled to mix thecontents, and then the test tubes were placed in awarm water bath for 15 minutes. The student madeobservations of any bubbles that formed in the testtubes and recorded the data in a table.

This experiment was most likely carried out toinvestigate the


8. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in ponds. All euglena have chloroplasts and can maketheir own food. They can also take in food from the environment. The diagram below represents aeuglena.

An experiment was set up to determine the effect of nitrates, a pollutant, on the number ofchloroplasts present in euglena. Five tanks were set up, each with euglena and a different concentrationof nitrate solution: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%.

The tanks were placed in a sunny location where each tank received the same amount of light.

A) The independent variable is the concentration of nitrate solution used.B) The dependent variable is the number of euglena placed in the tanks.C) The independent variable is the amount of sunlight.D) The dependent variable is the number of tanks used.

Which statement correctly identifies a variable in this experiment?

A) type of soda given to each group B) amount of soda given to each groupC) pulse rate of each group D) age of participants in each group

9. An experiment was carried out to determine whether drinking caffeinated soda increases pulse rate.The pulse rates of two groups of people at rest were measured. Group A was then given caffeinatedsoda and group B was given caffeine-free soda. One hour after drinking the soda, the pulse rates weremeasured. The participants in the experiment were all the same age, and they were all given the sameamount of soda.

What is the dependent variable in this experiment?


Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

A scientist conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that maple seeds exposed to acidrain will take longer to germinate than seeds exposed to normal rain, which has a pH of 5.6. Thescientist set up four groups, each containing 200 maple seeds. The water used for each group hada different pH value: 5.6, 4.0, 3.0, and 2.0. All other conditions were kept the same. After tendays, the number of seeds that had germinated in each group was counted.

10. Identify the dependent variable in this experiment.

11. Identify the control group in this experiment.

12. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

Help for Aging Memories

As aging occurs, the ability to form memories begins to decrease. Research has shown that anincrease in the production of a certain molecule, BDNF, seems to restore the processes involvedin storing memories. BDNF is found in the central nervous system and seems to be important inmaintaining nerve cell health. Researchers are testing a new drug that seems to increase theproduction of BDNF.

Design an experiment to test the effectiveness of the new drug to increase the production of BDNF inthe brains of rats. In your answer be sure to:

(1) State the hypothesis your experiment will test(2) Describe how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group(3) Identify two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control groups.(4) Identify the dependent variable in your experiment.

13. In a laboratory, spinach leaves exposed to continuous fluorescent light increased in vitamin contentby 50 to 100 percent. Spinach leaves kept in darkness for a similar period of time either lost vitamincontent or produced no gain. Describe how these findings could influence the way in which spinachis displayed for sale in supermarkets.

14. Describe how a student could use a microscope to compare the size of frog skin cells to the size ofhuman skin cells.


Base your answers to questions 15 through 17 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

The presence of air is believed to be important for root growth in bean plants. The apparatusavailable to conduct an investigation is shown below. There are enough bottles and other materialsto have multiple setups. Air (for aeration) can be bubbled into the bottle through the rubber tube.

Design an experiment to test the effect of aeration on the growth of roots of bean seedlings. In youranswer, be sure to:

15. State one reason why several different kinds of seedlings were not tested in this experiment.

16. State one reason why many setups should be used in both the experimental and control groups.

17. Identify the dependent variable in the experiment.


Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the data table below, which shows the estimatedpopulation of wolves in Minnesota from 1995 through 2002.

Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid, following the directionsbelow.

18. Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.

19. Wolves prey on animals such as deer. Identify one adaptation of deer that would help them to survivein an area populated by wolves.


20. Two views through a compound light microscope of a wet-mount slide preparation of cells are shownin the photographs below.

Which procedure was most likely followed to obtain view B?


Base your answers to questions 21 through 24 on the information and data table below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Daphnia (water fleas) are sensitive to many changes in pond ecosystems. For this reason theyare often used in bioassays, tests in which organisms are exposed to various levels of a chemicalto determine what levels are safe. The results of these tests determine whether or not the chemicalbeing tested will affect other pond organisms. An experiment was designed to determine the toxicity of different salt solutions on cultures ofdaphnia. Five fish tanks were each filled with the same amount of water containing differentconcentrations of salt. Ten daphnia were placed into each tank. After 48 hours, the number ofdaphnia that had survived and the number of daphnia that had died in each tank were recorded andthe percent mortality was calculated. The results of the experiment are shown in the data tablebelow.


Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid below, following thedirections below.

21. Label the x-axis. Be sure to include units.

22. Mark an appropriate scale, without any breaks, on each axis.

23. Which salt concentration is most likely closest to the concentration of salt found in the naturalenvironment of this species of daphnia? Support your answer.

Salt concentration: _________ g/L

A) 1.25 g/L B) 2.5 g/L C) 5.0 g/L D) 10.0 g/L

24. Which salt concentration was most toxic to the daphnia in this experiment?


A) smaller and brighterB) larger and brighterC) larger and darkerD) smaller and darker

25. After switching from the high-power to thelow-power objective lens of a compound lightmicroscope, the area of the low-power field willappear


The diagram below represents a specimen on a slide as seen with the low-power objective of acompound light microscope.

Using one or more complete sentences, explain how the slide should be moved to observe the entirespecimen.


A) A – magnifies the image of the specimenB) B – used for focusing only when the

high-power objective is usedC) C – provides the field of view with the largest

diameterD) D – holds the specimen on the stage

27. A compound light microscope is represented in thediagram below.

Which microscope part is correctly paired with itsfunction?

Base your answers to questions 28 and 29 on the diagram of a microscope below and on yourknowledge of biology.

28. Information about which two lettered parts is needed in order to determine the total magnification ofan object viewed with the microscope in the position shown?


29. Which lettered part should be used to focus the image while using high power?

A) Lugol's iodine solution was added to the cells.B) The 40x objective was switched to the 10x objective.C) The 10x objective was switched to the 40x objective.D) Salt water was added to the cells.

30. Two views of the same onion epidermal cells, as seen with a compound light microscope, are shownin the diagram below.

What was most likely done to change the view from A to B?

A) nucleus B) chromosomeC) autotrophic cell D) heterotrophic cell

31. The diagram below shows a concept map.

Which label correctly identifies what X represents in the concept map?


A) Organism A contains organs, where asorganism B lacks organs.

B) Organism A and organism B have the sameorgan systems.

C) Organism A and organism B both havestructures that perform life processes.

D) Organism A lacks structures that help maintaindynamic equilibrium.

32. The diagram below represents two organisms.

Which statement concerning organism A andorganism B is correct?

A) kingdom B) phylumC) genus D) species

33. Within which group would all members show the greatest similarity?


34. Base your answer to question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagramrepresents four types of bacteria.

A dichotomous key to these bacterial types is shown below. Complete the missing information forsections 3a. and 3b. so that the key is complete for all four types.

35. The table below lists enzymes that function in different locations in the human body, and thetemperature and pH ranges of these locations.

Different enzymes are secreted in each of the three locations. Ptyalin digests carbohydrates. Pepsinand trypsin both digest proteins. Discuss the activity of these enzymes. In your answer, be sure to:

(1) State how the activity of pepsin will most likely change after it moves with the food from thestomach to the small intestine(2) Support your answer using data from the table(3) State how a fever of 40°C would most likely affect the activity of these enzymes and support youranswer(4) Identify the characteristic of enzymes that prevents ptyalin and trypsin from digesting the sametype of food


36. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.

A plant cell is represented in the diagram below.

Select one of the lettered structures. Record the letter of the structure chosen and, using one or morecomplete sentences, identify the organelle and state the function of the structure (2 pts).

Base your answers to questions 37 and 38 on the statement below.

The work of a cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles. Most ofthese molecules are proteins. Explain how the cell is able to make the many different proteins itneeds.

37. Identify both the cellular structure that assembles these proteins and the kinds of molecules that areused as the building blocks of the proteins

38. Identify where in the cell the information necessary to construct a particular protein is located andthe specific molecule that contains this information.

Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

39. Identify the type of building block represented by the letters A, B, and C.

40. If the sequence of building blocks were changed, what effect could it most likely have on the protein?

41. Draw an arrow to indicate, one part of the plant cell below that would not be found in an animal cell.The tip of the arrow must touch the part being identified.


42. Cardinals are birds that do not migrate but spend thewinter in New York State. Many people feed thesebirds sunflower seeds during the winter months.Explain how the starches present in the sunflowerseeds help the cardinals to survive. In your answer,be sure to:• identify the building blocks of starches• identify the process used to produce thesebuilding blocks• state one way cardinals use these building blocksto survive

43. The diagram below represents stages in the digestion of an organic compound.

Explain why substance X would not be likely to digest a different organic compound.

44. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex.

organcellorganismorganelletissue


Base your answers to questions 45 through 47 on on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology. The diagrams represent two different cells and some of their parts. The diagrams are notdrawn to scale.

A) Cell B lacks vacuoles while cell A has them.B) DNA would not be found in either cell A or cell B.C) Both cell A and cell B use energy released from ATP.D) Both cell A and cell B produce antibiotics.

45. Which statement best describes these cells?

46. Identify the organelle labeled X in cell B.

47. Identify an organelle in cell A that is the site of autotrophic nutrition.

48. Base your answer to the following question on the statement below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

Some internal environmental factors may interfere with the ability of an enzyme to functionefficiently.

Identify two internal environmental factors that directly influence the rate of enzyme action.

49. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below of two cells, X and Y, and on yourknowledge of biology.

Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y that is not carried out in cell X.


Base your answers to questions 50 and 51 on the diagram of a cell below.

50. Describe how structures 1 and 2 interact in the process of protein synthesis.

51. Choose either structure 3 or structure 4, write the number of the structure on the line below, anddescribe how it aids the process of protein synthesis.

Structure: ________


A wet mount of red onion cells as seen with a compound light microscope is shown below.

A) starch indicator B) distilled waterC) glucose indicator solution D) salt water

Which substance most likely caused the onion cells to look like this?


53. The diagram below represents a green plant cell viewed with the high power of a compound lightmicroscope before and after a particular substance was added.

Identify a substance that could have been added to the slide to bring about the change shown.

54. The diagram below represents a laboratory setup used to demonstrate the movement of moleculesacross a selectively permeable membrane.

In the diagram below, draw the 5 starch and the 12 glucose molecules to show where they wouldmost likely be located after 15 minutes.


Base your answers to questions 55 and 56 on the information and data table below and on yourknowledge of biology.

In an experiment, three plants of the same species were grown in each of six identical pots. Theheights of the plants were measured when growth began. Each of the pots was watered every daywith salt solutions of different concentrations. The data for the experiment are shown in the tablebelow.

55. State the effect of increasing the percent of salt in the solution used to water the plants on the averagefinal height of the plants in groups A through D.

56. State one way diffusion was involved in the cause of death of the plants in groups E and F.

Base your answers to questions 57 and 58 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

One of the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in 2005, was the deathof almost allof the plants in flooded areas. Initially, toxic chemicals and bacteria were suspectedas a possible cause. Scientists later determined that the salt concentration in the floodwater causedthe plants to die.

57. Identify the process responsible for the effect that the salt water had on the plants.


A) water moving into plant cells from the surrounding environmentB) water moving out of plant cells into the surrounding environmentC) both water and salt moving from plant cells into the surrounding environmentD) both water and salt moving into plant cells from the surrounding environment

58. The death of the plants was most likely due to

A) The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.B) The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the

cell.C) The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.D) The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide

out.

59. Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectivelypermeable means?

Base your answers to questions 60 through 62 on theinformation below.

Animals eat and digest food to obtain the energyavailable for life activities. Discuss energy use inanimals. In your discussion, be sure to:

60. Identify the organelle where energy from nutrients isreleased.

61. State one inference that can be made concerning acell that has many of these organelles.

62. Identify the type of protein molecules used to digest food.

63. Base your answer to the following question on the word equations below and on your knowledge ofbiology. The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1.

Process 1: oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + XProcess 2: carbon dioxide + water oxygen + glucoseIdentify the molecule represented by letter X in process l.


Base your answers to questions 64 through 66 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

The Control of Transpiration

Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typicallyoccurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known astranspiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants. Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the rate of transpiration, but the size ofeach stomate opening can be regulated. Reducing the size of the openings during droughtconditions may help reduce the dehydration and wilting that would otherwise occur. A leaf may lose more than its own weight in water each day. Transpiration also lowers theinternal temperature of the leaf as water evaporates. On hot days, temperatures in the leaves maybe from 3° to 15°C cooler than the outside air. With stomates open, vital gases may be exchangedbetween the leaf tissues and the outside environment. Researchers have also found many plants that use another response when leaf temperaturesrise. Special molecules known as heat shock proteins are produced by plant cells and help to holdenzymes in their functional shapes.

64. Explain why it is important for plants to "hold enzymes in their functional shapes."

65. Identify the specific leaf structures that regulate the opening and closing of stomates.

66. Identify two of the "vital gases" that are exchanged between leaf tissues and the outside environment.


67. Base your answer to question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It causes aserious form of food poisoning in humans. In a very dilute form, it is also commonly used toeliminate some signs of aging, such as wrinkles. It does this by preventing nerves from releasinga chemical messenger called acetylcholine into the synapse (space between a nerve cell and amuscle cell). The toxin affects the process that causes the muscle cell to contract and formwrinkles.

The diagram below represents a process that is involved in the formation of wrinkles. Complete thediagram by drawing an appropriate structure on the muscle cell membrane that would allow the nervecell to communicate with the muscle cell.

A) arrow A, onlyB) arrow B, onlyC) arrow C, onlyD) arrows A, B, and C

68. The flow of energy through an ecosystem involvesmany energy transfers. The diagram belowsummarizes the transfer of energy that eventuallypowers muscle activity.

What is the process of photosynthesis representedby?

A) carbon dioxide B) oxygen atomsC) water molecules D) chemical bonds

69. During the process of cellular respiration, energy isreleased from

A) cell division B) cellular respirationC) protein synthesis D) DNA replication

70. The temporary storage of energy in ATP moleculesis part of which process?

A) a hormone B) starchC) nitrogen D) carbon dioxide

71. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast,glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube wasanalyzed for the presence of several substances.

What substance would the student expect to find ifrespiration occurred in the test tube?


A) ATP from a chloroplast carrying outphotosynthesis

B) oxygen from a mitochondrion carrying outphotosynthesis

C) glucose from a chloroplast carrying outrespiration

D) carbon dioxide from a mitochondrion carryingout respiration

72. The diagram below represents a cell organelleinvolved in the transfer of energy from organiccompounds.

The arrows in the diagram could represent therelease of

A) carbon dioxide and waterB) PGAL and nitratesC) oxygen and ATPD) ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

73. In a laboratory culture of yeast, it may be concludedthat fermentation has occurred if chemical testsindicate the production of

A) A and B combine to produce C and D.B) B and C combine to produce A and D.C) C and D combine to produce A and B.D) A and C combine to produce B and D.

74. The chart below lists substances involved in theprocess of photosynthesis.

Which statement best describes how thesesubstances interact in photosynthesis?


Base your answers to questions 75 and 76 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as indicated below.Bubbles of oxygen gas were observed being released from the plant.

A) dissolved nitrogen B) carbon dioxideC) an enzyme D) a hormone

75. What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water in order to produce the oxygen gas?

A) producing sugar B) making proteinC) releasing energy from water D) carrying on active transport

76. The bubbles of oxygen indicate that the plant is

A) antibodies B) antigensC) neurotransmitters D) hormones

77. Which substances are secreted at the endings ofnerve cells?

A) an antibody B) an antibioticC) a hormone D) a starch

78. A substance directly involved in cellularcommunication within the human body is

A) Mg(OH)2 B) NaClC) CH4 D) NH3

79. Which formula represents an organic compound?

A) Their chemical structure is critical to theirability to function.

B) Their ability to replicate identical copiesensures continuation of the species.

C) They work better at 100°C than 37°C.D) They are made by and carried by the blood.

80. Which statement describes a similarity between allenzymes, antibodies, and hormones?

A) starch B) DNAC) water D) fat

81. Which substance is an inorganic molecule?


A) start to replicateB) change shapeC) are composed of fat molecules that meltD) break down into small starch molecules

82. Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska willdie if introduced into warm water. One likely reasonthese shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in theshrimp

A) a nerve signal and a geneB) a receptor and a hormoneC) a chromosome and an antigenD) a starch and an amino acid

83. The molecules represented in the diagram below caninteract to cause a biochemical process to occur.

Molecule A and molecule B most likely represent

A) Proteins B) LipidsC) Nucleotides D) Carbohydrates

84. Glucose molecules are the building blocks of whatclass of macromolecule?

A) fat and glycogenB) oils and starchC) minerals and ureaD) water and carbon dioxide

85. Animals commonly store energy in the form of


A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

86. Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?


In order to enroll in most schools, students must be vaccinated against certain viral diseases, such asmumps. Even with these vaccinations, many students still suffer from other diseases. Discuss how avaccination works and why some students still become infected with other diseases. In your answer,be sure to:

87. Identify what is present in a vaccine that stimulates an immune response

88. Describe how a vaccine protects against disease

89. State why a student vaccinated against mumps can still be infected by the pathogens that cause otherdiseases, such as chicken pox



Beware of Dust Mites

Quietly lurking within our mattresses, under our beds, and inside sofas and carpets arecreatures too small to be seen without a microscope. Dust mites are arthropods closely related tospiders, scorpions, and ticks. They feed on the dead skin cells regularly shed by humans and theiranimal pets. The average human sheds about 10 grams of dead skin a week. Cats and dogs createeven more dander for dust mites to eat. The mites also eat pollen, fungi, and bacteria. They do notdrink water but absorb it from the air. Dust mites do not carry diseases and are harmless to most people. It's their bathroom habitsthat make some of us itch and sneeze. Many people develop severe allergies to dust mite feces(wastes). If you lie on a rug where dust mites live, you might develop itchy red bumps on yourskin. Breathe in dust containing their feces and you might have more serious symptoms, such asdifficulty breathing or a severe asthma attack. Dust mites thrive in warm, humid environments - eating and nesting in dust-collecting bedding,fabric, and carpet. Think about this! A typical mattress can contain anywhere from 100,000 to 10million dust mites. Nearly 100,000 dust mites can live in one square yard of carpet. During a process called sensitization, a person's immune system mistakenly identifies theinhaled dust mite waste as an invader. The next time the person is exposed to the dust mite waste,the immune system launches an allergic reaction.

A) does not respond to pathogensB) maintains homeostasisC) responds to usually harmless environmental substancesD) undergoes rapid, uncontrolled cell division

90. An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system

A) specialized chemicals that mark dust mite waste for destructionB) viruses that combat dust mitesC) white blood cells that attack human skin cellsD) white blood cells that attack the skin cells of cats and dogs

91. The immune system of an individual who is allergic to dust mite waste produces


92. State one way, other than using a pesticide, that an individual could decrease the number of dustmites present in his home.

A) fertilization B) recombinationC) mitosis D) meiosis

93. The bud shown in the diagram below was producedby asexual reproduction.

Which process is responsible for the formation ofthe bud?

A) The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from theoriginal cell.

B) The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information asthe original cell.

C) The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproductionhas occurred.

D) The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell.

94. The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.

Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?


Base your answers to questions 95 and 96 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Endometriosis is a condition that occurs in some women, causing multiple cells or layers ofcells to grow outside of the uterus. In some cases, these growths can actually cover the entireovary or cause the tube leading from the ovary to the uterus to the blocked. The diagram belowrepresents the female reproductive system. Two structures, A and B, are labeled.

95. Select structure A or B and indicate your selection on the line below. Describe specifically how thegrowths that are characteristics of endometriosis at the location you selected could affect the abilityof a female to become pregnant.

Structure: ___________

96. Select either surgical procedure or hormone therapy and explain why it can be an effective treatmentfor endometriosis.

Effective treatment: ____________________

97. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.

Avian (Bird) Flu

Avian flu virus H5N1 has been a major concern recently. Most humans have not been exposedto this strain of the virus, so they have not produced the necessary protective substances. Avaccine has been developed and is being made in large quantities. However, much more time isneeded to manufacture enough vaccine to protect most of the human population of the world. Most flu virus strains affect the upper respiratory tract, resulting in a runny nose and sorethroat. However, the H5N1 virus seems to go deeper into the lungs and causes severe pneumonia,which may be fatal for people infected by this virus. So far, this virus has not been known to spread directly from one human to another. As long asH5N1 does not change to another strain that can he transferred from one human to another, aworldwide epidemic of the virus probably will not occur.

State one difference between the effect on the human body of the usual forms of flu virus and theeffect of H5N1.


98. The human female reproductive system is represented in the diagram below.

Complete boxes 1 through 4 in the chart below using the information from the diagram.

99. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of activities in the human body.

A) a feedback mechanism B) an enzyme pathwayC) a digestive mechanism D) a pattern of learned behavior

This diagram illustrates part of


100. Base your answer to the following question on the statement and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Women are advised to avoid consuming alcoholic beverages during pregnancy.

Explain why consumption of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is likely to be more harmfulto her fetus than to herself.