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Sustainability at Harvard
Best Prac tices for a Sustainable Campus
Nathan Gauthier
(w/ slides from Tom Vautin, Doug Garron, Jeffrey Smith, and Jac lyn Olsen)
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Sustainability at Harvard Introduction
Energy Supply and Procurement
Sustainable Design and Construc tion
Green Operations and Maintenance
Occ upant Engagement GHG Reduc tion Planning
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Harvards Energy Supply
GHG Contributors
Energy SystemsGHG Intensity
Reduc ing GHG IntensityReduc ing Energy Consumption
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Chilled Water
Plant
4%
Electricity
52%
Blackstone Steam
Plant33%
Natural Gas
8%
#4 Oil
2%#2 Oil
1%
Sc ope 1 and 2 Emissions by Source: FY07
Heating, cooling and poweringbuildings accounts for 85+% ofthe Cambridge Campus GHG
Emissions
What Drives Harvards GHG Emissions?
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Reduce total energy consumption
How c an Harvard reduce its
GHG footprint?
Increase efficiency and reduce
emissions from energy sources
Increase use of
renewable energy
Acquire offsets foremissions that cantotherwise be reduced
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
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E&U Chilled Water Two produc tion fac ilities
(Sc ienc e Center & Northwest
Lab)
Spac e c ond itioning & proc esscooling; 14,000 ton pea k
demand
70 buildings served; 5 milliongsf; 900,000 ton-days/ yr
(259,000 MMBtu/ yr)
8 chillers, 2 free-c oo ling hea t
exc hangers (winter operation)
All chillers are fueled by
electricity
Energy Infrastruc ture Chilled Water
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Replac ed two 2,500 Ton Chillers
(1 Oxford Street Plant)
1,345 MTCDE reduc tion
Energy input/ unit of Chilled
Water down ~ 19% (FY06 to
FY07)
Optimization with new Northwest
Plant
Free-c ooling heat exchangers
(winter op eration) 210 MTCDE reduc tion
Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Chilled Water
Chilled Water Production Efficiency
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
Ton-Days(quantity
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
kw/Ton
Chilled Water Produced Energy Rate
Lower Energy Rate = Lower GHG Intensity
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Blackstone Steam Plant
Blac kstone Plant Harvards
primary source for process
steam, heating and hot water
generation
160 buildings served, 11 million
gsf
700,000 MMBtu/ year 4 dual-fuel boilers, ~350,000
lbs/ hr peak demand, 400F/ 100-
125psig
10 miles of p ipeline
underground and in bridges in
Cambridge & Allston
Energy Infrastruc ture Centra l Steam
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Inc rea sed use of Natura l Gas
12,000 MTCDE reduc tion
GHG Intensity of Steam down ~
16% (FY06 to FY07)
Rep lac em ent Boiler
2,599 MTCDE reduc tion
New Steam Turbine Generator
(5 megawatts)
10,925 MTCDE reduc tion
Optimization through new
DEF/ CHP fac ility interconnec tion
Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Centra l Steam
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E&U Electric Microgrid Harvard microg rid serves 90% of
Harvards load (Cambridge/Allston)
Bulk delivery from NSTAR at
13,800 volts
3 main Harvard take stations
that feed microg rid
50 MW peak; 250 Million kWh/ yr Primarily an elec tric ity
purchaser
Future cogeneration (CHP) a t
Blackstone and Harvard Allston
Sc ienc e Complex
Energy Infrastruc ture Electricity
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Electricity Procurement
Retail Supplier & wholesale
power purchaser
Portfolio Approa ch
FY09 ~ 13 million kWh o f
renewable power (5,450 MTCDEreduction)
Opportunities to buy generator
spec ific power & renewables
going forward
Other Possibilities
Self-generation/ CHP
On-site renewables
Greener power reduces GHG intensity of other proc esses!
Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Electricity
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Metering
At the building level (minimum)
Foc us on energy management
in addition to c ost rec overy
Rate Design
Send the right signals
Reward good behavior
Link c ost & causation
Make information Ac cessible
Energy c onsumption & cost
Operational data
Environmental impac t
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
ChW Tons
dT
Leveraging the Supply Side to Dec rease Consumption
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Sustainable Design and Construc tion
Suc cess Story - Rockefeller Hall
Knowledge Management & ContinuousImprovement
Green Building Guidelines
Master Planning
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Rockefeller Hall, HDS
26,700 Office Renova tion, Entha lpy Wheel, DOAS, DCV, 29% less energy,43.7% less water, 90% waste diversion,, 35,000 sf of open space
LEEDNCv2.2GoldPending
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17 LEED Certified Projec ts, 380 LEED Registered Projec ts
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Knowledge Management & ContinuousImprovement
Design Build Operate
Design Build Operate
Design Build Operate
Design Build Operate
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
Time
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4
ProjectSuccess
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Knowledge Management
90
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Advantages of Building Green
0
100
200
300
400
500
60
0
700
800Platinum
Gold
Silver
Certified
Non LEED
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$
1,
000
$1,
200
$1,
400
$1
,600
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Certified
Non LEED
HarvardRenovations
Harvard NewConstruction
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Knowledge Management
www.greencampus.harvard.edu/ theresource
10/ 12 to 11/ 11/ 08 6,911 Visits,14,556 Visits to
OFS Site Resource Accounted for 47%
Your website is fantastic - a va luab le resource for all interested in Green Design.
Grea t site overall, fantastic information and wonderful to make it a ll accessible.
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Green Build ing Guidelines
LEED Silver Minimum
Harvard Required LEED Credits 6 points - EA c red it 1
EA c redit 3 & 5
MR c 2.1 & 2.2
EQ c 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 & 5
Utilize Integrated Design
Life Cyc le Costing throughout projec t
Energy Modeling Required
Adopt Ongoing Commissioning Plan
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Allston Development Group Sustainability Master Plan 50% GHG reduc tion 1st build ing, 30% Campus LEED Gold Minimum
Master Planning
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Green Operations and Maintenance
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Build ing Effic ienc y Programs
Preventive Maintenance
Steam Trap Testing
Meter Calibration Service
Maintenance Operator
Training (DDC Simulator)
Programs In Development
Energy Auditing
Existing BuildingCommissioning
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Owner Services Program
Early Involvement of Staff
Witness Insta llation, Startupand Commissioning
Results: Defic ienc ies Resolved
Maintenanc e Staff Trained
PM Programs Developed
Build ing Operating Plans Emergenc y Response Protoc ols
Design --- Construction --- Turnover (Occupancy)
The Building Operates More Effic iently!
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Building Energy Analysis Proc edures
1. Standard Reporting Methodologies.- Building Performance Reporting Standards
- Standard Reporting for Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs).
2. Preliminary Analysis (by School/Unit In-house Staff).
- Analyze historic building energy consumption.
- Prioritize energy reduction efforts based on Energy Utilization Index.
- Compile basic building information to provide to Vendors.
- Verify utility meter locations and areas covered.
3. Detailed Energy Audits (by Qualified Providers).
- Conduct building energy audits; start with most energy intensive facilities.
- ASHRAE Level II Audit scope is recommended.
- In some instances, Performance Contracting may be appropriate.
4. Ongoing Build ing Performance Review.
- Continuously monitor, maintain, and report building performance.
- In some buildings, continuous commissioning may be appropriate.
Energy & Water Reporting
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BillingEfficiency
Reporting
GHG Emission
Reporting*
Demand Ton kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption Ton-Day kBtu MTCDE
Demand kW kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption kWh kBtu MTCDE
Demand MMBtu/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption MMBtu kBtu MTCDEDemand Therm/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption Therm kBtu MTCDE
Demand Gal/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption Gallons kBtu MTCDE
Demand Gal/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr
Consumption Barrels kBtu MTCDE
Demand Gal/hr Gal/hr NA
Consumption Ccf Ccf NA
Chilled Water
Electricity
Steam
Utility
Natural Gas
#2 Fuel Oil
#4 Fuel Oil
Water
Energy & Water ReportingStandards
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1. Energy Use Index and Preliminary Analysis
- Done by end of FY 09
2. Energy Aud its and/ or Performance Contrac ts- Start with highest opportunity buildings & work through portfolio
3. ECM Prioritization and Implementation
Use audit results to develop multi-year capital plan to meet FY 16 goal
4. Ongoing Build ing Performance Review and Best Prac tice Sharing- Ongoing
FY 09
Energy Use Index (kBtu/sf)and Preliminary Analysis
FY 10
Energy Audits and Performance Contracts
Ongoing Performance Review and Best Practice Sharing
FY 11
ECM Prioritization and Implementation
FY 12
R
E
P
O
R
T
R
E
P
O
R
T
R
E
P
O
R
T
R
E
P
O
R
T
1.
2.
3.
4.
Energy Audit Sc hedule
Energy Conservation
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1. Loan FundProjec ts to Date: 144 Projec ts $10,517,000 Cost $3,772,000
Annua l Savings 22,647 MTCDESavings
35.9% ROI
2. Conduct Energy
Aud its to IdentifyBuilding SpecificOpportunities
Energy ConservationProgress to Date: Loan Fund
Loan Fund GHG Reduction Projects
8 @ 104%
3 @ 4%
3 @ 72%
1 @ 50% 4 @ 49%
17 @ 35%1 @ 33% 32 @ 31%
75 @ 27%
$112,557
$838,868
$1,425,967
$84,293 $11,331
$959,203
$51,566 $13,323
$286,508
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Beha
vior*
Insula
tion
Meterin
g
Controls
Kitche
n
Coge
n
HVAC
Ligh
ting
Photov
oltaic
Return on
Investment
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
Annual Utility
Savings
ROI Utility Savings
*Note: Behavioral Change projects have an annual cost as well as savings,while the remaining project have a one time cost only.
O&M and Asset
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AssetManagement
AssetManagement
Asset Management Analysis Report
IFMA Boston Asset Management Task Force
9/25/08 FINAL
O&M and AssetManagement Best
Prac tice Princ iples andBuilding Policy
Minimum Training
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Training Plans
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blooms Taxonomy
Capital Projec t Teams
O&M Staff
gRequirements
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Green Cleaning Programs
Program Benefits Inc lude: Reduced allergies or
sensitivities for occupants
Safer conditions for workers
Fewer Products Reusable materials
(Microfiber cloth)
100% Recycled PaperProducts
Fully integrated recycling
and composting programs
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Recyc ling and Waste Management
Single Stream Rec yc ling
Recycling Rate over 52%
Food Composting Programs
Not just Dining Halls
Rapidly expanding interest of
staff
Contrac t Requirements for Hauler:
CNG Packer Truck
Bio-Diesel for all other equipment
Vegetable-based hydraulic oilfor compactors and accessories
Surplus Distribution
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Surplus Distribution
Over $2.5M in useful stuff donated in 2007
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Organic Landsc ape Maintenanc e
Program Benefits:
Restores the NaturalNutrient Cycle
Water use down by 30%
Reintroduces organicmaterials (clippings,leaves, wood chips)
Eliminates all pesticides,herbicides, fungicides,and insecticides
Provide food and drink for 15 000
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Provide food and drink for 15,000
How many bags of Trash?
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Everything else was recyc led or composted!
Sustainability
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Sustainability
Engagement Programs Why Oc cupant Engagement?
Tools for suc c essful behavior change
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Why Oc cupant Engagement?
Harvards mission extends beyond ac ademicprograms.
Peoples ac tivities in build ings have real, significantimpac ts direc t and indirec t.
Continuous improvement in sustainability requireschanging the c ulture of an organization, which is
much more than just changing the lights (and moredifficult!)
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What Works?
Find the Champions
Use the natural competitive spirit
Build soc ial norms
Use Peer to Peer teaching & learning
Use proven Soc ial Marketing tec hniques forbehavior change
T l f B h i Ch
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1. Get Commitment We want to be seen as consistent
Alters self-perception Commit to small ac tion = more like ly to take large ac tion
Tools of Behavior Change
Tools of Behavior Change
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2. Use & Build Social Norms
We want to be seen doing
the right thing
Strong soc ial pressures toconform
We are hard-wired toimitate soc ia l norms Picture from Green your
scene posters
Tools of Behavior Change
T l f B h i Ch
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Tools of Behavior Change
3. Use Incentives
Motivation for ac tion
T l f B h i Ch
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Tools of Behavior Change
4. Provide Real Feedback
T l f B h i Ch
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Tools of Behavior Change
5. Use Persuasive Messaging
use language that that is
relevant to your audience.
make your message vivid
frame your message bywhat is being lost insteadof saved
Tools of Beha ior Change
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Tools of Behavior Change
5. Use Persuasive Messaging
use persona l contac t
make it easy toremember
use simple, c lear
instruction.
Resourc es and Links
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Resourc es and Links
Office for Sustainability Website
http://www.green.harvard.edu
Harvard Green Office Resourc eshttp://www.green.harvard.edu/greenoffice/
Community Based Soc ial Marketing (CBSM) website
(for behavior change tools and exampleshttp:/ / www.c bsm.c om/
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Sustainability at Harvard
Best Prac tices for a Sustainable Campus
Nathan Gauthier