Daily Skill Builders:General Science
Grades 5–8By
WEndISILVAno
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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8
ii404103-EB©MarkTwainMedia,Inc.,Publishers
Table of Contents
TableofContents
IntroductiontotheTeacher........................................ivnSESStandardsMatrixforGrades5–8.................... 1
Activity # SkillScientific Methods1. WhichScientistIsWhich?................................ 22. BranchesofScience........................................ 23. ScientificMethods............................................ 34. SIUnits............................................................ 35. ScientificUnitsofMeasurement...................... 4
Physical Science6. density............................................................. 47. Matter............................................................... 58. StructureofAtoms........................................... 59. StatesofMatter............................................... 610. StatesofMatter/TestPractice.......................... 611. TheFourthStateofMatter............................... 712. PhysicalPropertiesofMatter........................... 713. ChemicalPropertiesofMatter......................... 814. Elements.......................................................... 815. PeriodicTableofElements............................... 916. ClassificationofElements................................ 917. FascinatingElementFacts............................. 1018. CompoundsandMixtures.............................. 1019. UsingdensitytoIdentifyCompounds............ 1120. Physicalvs.ChemicalChanges..................... 1121. Solutions........................................................ 1222. Solubility........................................................ 1223. Acids,Bases,andneutralization................... 1324. pH ................................................................ 1325. ChemicalFormulas........................................ 1426. Boyle’sLaw.................................................... 1427. BehaviorofLiquidsandGases...................... 1528. SinkorFloat?................................................. 1529. Energy........................................................... 1630. Temperature................................................... 1631. EnergyTerms................................................. 1732. TypesofEnergy............................................. 1733. ConductorsandInsulators............................. 1834. ChemicalEnergy........................................... 1835. Motion—SpeedandAcceleration/ TestPractice.................................................. 1936. distance,Speed,andTime............................ 1937. GravityandInertia......................................... 2038. MassandWeight........................................... 2039. MetricConversion.......................................... 2140. newton’sFirst,Second,and ThirdLaws/TestPractice................................ 2141. Friction........................................................... 22
42. ForcesandMotion......................................... 2243. BalancedandUnbalancedForces................. 2344. Momentum..................................................... 2345. WorkandPower............................................. 2446. SimpleMachines........................................... 2447. SimpleMachines........................................... 2548. Waves............................................................ 2549. WaveProperties............................................ 2650. TransverseandCompressionalWaves.......... 2651. ElectromagneticSpectrum............................. 2752. TypesofWaves.............................................. 2753. WaveBehavior............................................... 2854. WavesReview/TestPractice.......................... 2855. Light ............................................................ 2956. LightandColor.............................................. 2957. TheLawofReflection.................................... 3058. diffusevs.RegularReflection........................ 3059. Plane,Concave,andConvexMirrors............. 3160. Refraction...................................................... 3161. TheThreeMajorSubatomicParticles............ 3262. ElectricCharge.............................................. 3263. InsulatorsandConductorsofElectricity........ 3364. InducedCharges........................................... 3365. ElectricCurrentandBatteries........................ 3466. Amperes,Volts,andWatts............................. 3467. Resistance..................................................... 3568. ohm’sLaw..................................................... 3569. Circuits........................................................... 3670. ElectricPower................................................ 3671. Magnetism..................................................... 3772. InducedMagnetism....................................... 3773. ElectricityandMagnetism.............................. 3874. ElectricityandMagnetismReview/ TestPractice.................................................. 38
Earth and Space Sciences75. FourCharacteristicsofMinerals.................... 3976. Minerals......................................................... 3977. MineralFormation.......................................... 4078. PhysicalPropertiesofMinerals..................... 4079. Mohs’HardnessScale................................... 4180. Silicates......................................................... 4181. Igneous,Sedimentary,and MetamorphicRocks....................................... 4282. detritalRockProcesses................................ 4283. Weathering.................................................... 4384. Soil................................................................. 4385. GravitationalErosion...................................... 4486. GlacialErosion............................................... 4487. WindErosion................................................. 45
dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8
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Table of Contents (cont.)
TableofContents
88. WaterErosion................................................ 4589. GroundwaterandtheWaterTable................. 4690. Geysers,Caves,andSinkholes..................... 4691. EnergyResources......................................... 4792. Earth’sMaterialsandResources Review/TestPractice...................................... 4793. Compositionofoceans................................. 4894. oceanWavesandTides................................ 4895. SeaFloor....................................................... 4996. EarthquakeForces........................................ 4997. Earthquakes................................................... 5098. MeasuringEarthquakes................................. 5099. PangaeaandContinentaldrift....................... 51100. SeaFloorSpreading...................................... 51101. PlateTectonics............................................... 52102. PlateBoundaries........................................... 52103. RingofFire.................................................... 53104. PartsofaVolcano.......................................... 53105. Volcanoes...................................................... 54106. IgneousRockFeatures.................................. 54107. TheAtmosphere............................................ 55108. CompositionoftheAtmosphere.................... 55109. AirPressure................................................... 56110. EnergyintheAtmosphere............................. 56111. HeatTransfer.................................................. 57112. Winds............................................................ 57113. TheCoriolisEffect......................................... 58114. GlobalWinds.................................................. 58115. WaterintheAtmosphere............................... 59116. CloudFormation............................................ 59117. TypesofClouds............................................. 60118. Precipitation................................................... 60119. AirMasses..................................................... 61120. Fronts............................................................ 61121. Storms........................................................... 62122. Lightning........................................................ 62123. Tornadoes...................................................... 63124. Hurricanes..................................................... 63125. PredictingtheWeather.................................. 64126. WeatherMaps................................................ 64127. Climate........................................................... 65128. ClimateRegionsandTypes........................... 65129. TheGreenhouseEffectand GlobalWarming............................................. 66130. ClimaticChange............................................ 66131. TheEarthandtheMoon................................ 67132. PhasesoftheMoon....................................... 67133. Eclipses......................................................... 68134. TheSolarSystem/TestPractice..................... 68135. otherSolarSystemobjects.......................... 69
136. Stars ............................................................ 69137. TheSun......................................................... 70138. Galaxies......................................................... 70
Life Sciences139. AnimalandPlantCells................................... 71140. CellProcesses............................................... 71141. EnergyinCells............................................... 72142. Viruses........................................................... 72143. Binomialnomenclature.................................. 73144. ClassificationGroups..................................... 73145. TheKingdoms................................................ 74146. Bacteria.......................................................... 74147. Protists........................................................... 75148. Fungi ............................................................ 75149. SeedlessPlants............................................. 76150. SeedPlants................................................... 76151. Animalornot?............................................... 77152. VertebratesandInvertebrates....................... 77153. Flatworms,Roundworms,Sponges, andCnidarians............................................... 78154. Mollusks......................................................... 78155. Annelids......................................................... 79156. Arthropods..................................................... 79157. Insects........................................................... 80158. Arachnids....................................................... 80159. CrustaceansandEchinoderms...................... 81160. Vertebrates.................................................... 81161. AnimalAdaptations/BirdBeaksandFeet...... 82162. InvertebratesandVertebrates Review/TestPractice...................................... 82
Periodic Table of Elements ................................... 83
Answer Key ............................................................ 84
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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8
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ACTIVITY 1 Which Scientist Is Which?
Matchthescientistwithwhathe/shestudies.
1. paleontologist a. metals2. entomologist b. humanbehavior3. astronomer c. insects4. metallurgist d. energyandforce5. agronomist e. water6. hydrologist f. plants7. archaeologist g. animals8. psychologist h. prehistoricformsoflife9. chemist i. rocks10. physicist j. structureandmatter11. botanist k. soilandcropraising12. zoologist l. weather13. geneticist m. starsandplanets14. geologist n. humandnA15. meteorologist o. pastcultures
ACTIVITY2 Branches of Science
Writethebranchofscienceeachofthefieldsbelowwouldbelongto:Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, Life Science, Mathematics, Social Science.
1. Zoology 11. Statistics
2. Astronomy 12. Biology
3. Physics 13. Geology
4. Anatomy 14. Psychology
5. Anthropology 15. Seismology
6. Geometry 16. Entomology
7. Botany 17. Archaeology
8. Mineralogy 18. Logic
9. Meteorology 19. Genetics
10. Chemistry 20. ornithology
ScientificMethods
Scientific Methods
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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8
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ACTIVITY3 Scientific Methods
Write“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseforeachstatement.
1. Ahypothesisisastatementthatcanbetested.
2. Theoriesattempttoexplainwhyaparticularthinghappens.
3. Scientificlawsexplainwhysomethinghappens.
4. Anindependentvariableisthefactorthatischangedinanexperiment.
5. Adependentvariableisafactorthatstaysthesameinanexperiment.
6. Aconstantisthefactorbeingmeasuredinanexperiment.
7. Acontrolisastandardusedtomakecomparisons.
8. Aninferenceisaconclusionthatisbasedonobservations.
ACTIVITY4 SI Units
The International System of Units (SI Units) was devel-opedtoprovideauniformstandardforphysicalmeasure-mentsthatcouldbeusedworldwide.nexttoeachquantity,listtheunitwithwhichitismeasuredanditssymbol.(Thechoicesareinthebox).
ScientificMethods
K second cubicmeter
m meter kilogram
s Kelvin kg m3
Quantity Unit Symbol
Mass
Volume
Time
Temperature
Length
Scientific Methods
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dailySkillBuilders:GeneralScienceGrades5–8
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ACTIVITY5 Scientific Units of Measurement
Usethewordsfromtheboxtofillintheblanksandmaketheinformationcorrect.
1. Theamountofmatterinanobject
iscalledthe oftheobject.
2. Themassofanobjectwillbethe onEarthor
themoon.
3. Ameasurementof ,ontheotherhand,
dependsontheforceof onit.
4. isthemeasurementusedtodeterminehowhotor
coldsomethingis.Suchmeasurementsaremadeonthe scale.
Thisscalestartsat zero.At373K,water .
5. AnintervalbetweentwoeventsismeasuredwiththeSIUnitof .
ACTIVITY6 Density
Themeasurementofdensityreferstohowthemassofanobject(howmanyatomsareinit)comparestotheamountofspacethatitoccupies(thevolume).Answerthesequestionsaboutthesesquaresofequalmass.
1. Whichofthesquareshasthehighestdensity?
2. Whichofthesquareshasthelowestdensity?
3. Howdoesthemasscompareinallthreesquares?
4. Howdoesthevolumecomparebetweenthesquares?
5. Whichdoyouthinkhasahigherdensity,ablockofwoodorablockofiron?
ScientificMethods/PhysicalScience
gravity boils weight absolute time mass temperature same Kelvin
Scientific Methods/Physical Science